Berlin Ringbahn: Difference between revisions
m →External links: Task 15: language icon template(s) replaced (1×); |
David12345 (talk | contribs) →Reunification: grammar |
||
(24 intermediate revisions by 20 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{short description|Railway line in Germany}} |
|||
{{distinguish|Berlin Outer Ring Railway}} |
|||
{{Infobox rail line |
{{Infobox rail line |
||
| name = Berliner Ringbahn |
| name = Berliner Ringbahn |
||
Line 21: | Line 23: | ||
| map = [[File:Karte berlin ringbahn.png|300px]] |
| map = [[File:Karte berlin ringbahn.png|300px]] |
||
{{Routemap|inline=1 |title =no |footnote=Source: German railway atlas<ref name=Eisenbahnatlas >{{cite book|title=Eisenbahnatlas Deutschland (German railway atlas) |publisher= Schweers + Wall | year= 2009 |isbn= 978-3-89494-139-0|pages=128–9}}</ref>|map= |
{{Routemap|inline=1 |title =no |footnote=Source: German railway atlas<ref name=Eisenbahnatlas >{{cite book|title=Eisenbahnatlas Deutschland (German railway atlas) |publisher= Schweers + Wall | year= 2009 |isbn= 978-3-89494-139-0|pages=128–9}}</ref>|map= |
||
STR\STR~~ |
|||
STR\STR~~{{ÖPNV Berlin|S41|10}}{{ÖPNV Berlin|S42|10}} |
|||
DST\eBHF~~{{ |
DST\eBHF~~{{BSsplit}}~~[[Berlin-Moabit station|Berlin-Moabit]] |
||
STR\SHST~~0.7~~[[Berlin Westhafen station|Berlin Westhafen]]~~ ~~ |
STR\SHST~~0.7~~[[Berlin Westhafen station|Berlin Westhafen]]~~ ~~ |
||
ABZgr+r\eABZgr+r~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin north–south mainline|from and to Hauptbahnhof]] |
ABZgr+r\eABZgr+r~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin north–south mainline|from and to Hauptbahnhof]] |
||
STR\SHST~~2.5~~[[Berlin-Wedding station|Berlin-Wedding]]~~ ~~ |
STR\SHST~~2.5~~[[Berlin-Wedding station|Berlin-Wedding]]~~ ~~ |
||
eABZg+r\ABZg+r~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Nord-Süd-Tunnel|from north-south S-Bahn]] |
eABZg+r\ABZg+r~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Nord-Süd-Tunnel|from north-south S-Bahn]] |
||
BHF\SBHF~~4.2~~[[Berlin-Gesundbrunnen station|Berlin Gesundbrunnen]]~~ ~~ |
BHF\SBHF~~4.2~~[[Berlin-Gesundbrunnen station|Berlin Gesundbrunnen]]~~ ~~ |
||
STR+GRZq\STR+GRZq~~ ~~ ~~former [[West-Berlin]]–[[East-Berlin]] border |
STR+GRZq\STR+GRZq~~ ~~ ~~former [[West-Berlin]]–[[East-Berlin]] border |
||
ABZgl+l\ABZgl+l~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|[[Berlin–Szczecin railway|from and to Bernau]] |
ABZgl+l\ABZgl+l~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|[[Berlin–Szczecin railway|from and to Bernau]] |[[Prussian Northern Railway|and Oranienburg]]}} |
||
STR\SBHF~~5.8~~[[Berlin Schönhauser Allee station|Berlin Schönhauser Allee]]~~ ~~ |
STR\SBHF~~5.8~~[[Berlin Schönhauser Allee station|Berlin Schönhauser Allee]]~~ ~~ |
||
STR\SHST~~6.8~~[[Berlin Prenzlauer Allee station|Berlin Prenzlauer Allee]] |
STR\SHST~~6.8~~[[Berlin Prenzlauer Allee station|Berlin Prenzlauer Allee]] |
||
DST\SBHF~~7.8~~[[Berlin Greifswalder Straße station|Berlin Greifswalder Straße]] |
DST\SBHF~~7.8~~[[Berlin Greifswalder Straße station|Berlin Greifswalder Straße]] |
||
Line 37: | Line 39: | ||
STR+1\STR+4u |
STR+1\STR+4u |
||
SHST\STR~~10.4~~[[Berlin Storkower Straße station|Berlin Storkower Straße]] |
SHST\STR~~10.4~~[[Berlin Storkower Straße station|Berlin Storkower Straße]] |
||
SHST\DST~~11.7~~[[Berlin Frankfurter Allee station|Berlin Frankfurter Allee]]~~ ~~ |
SHST\DST~~11.7~~[[Berlin Frankfurter Allee station|Berlin Frankfurter Allee]]~~ ~~ |
||
STR\xABZgl+xl~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Frankfurter Allee–Berlin-Rummelsburg railway|from and to Lichtenberg]] |
STR\xABZgl+xl~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Frankfurter Allee–Berlin-Rummelsburg railway|from and to Lichtenberg]] |
||
eABZgr\exSTR~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Stadtbahn|to Warschauer Straße]] (until 2006) |
eABZgr\exSTR~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Stadtbahn|to Warschauer Straße]] (until 2006) |
||
xABZgl\xABZg+r~~ ~~ ~~detour during reconstruction |
xABZgl\xABZg+r~~ ~~ ~~detour during reconstruction |
||
exTSBHFo\TSBHFo~~14.2~~{{BSto|[[Ostkreuz|Berlin Ostkreuz]]|[[Berlin Stadtbahn|Stadtbahn]] |
exTSBHFo\TSBHFo~~14.2~~{{BSto|[[Ostkreuz|Berlin Ostkreuz]]|[[Berlin Stadtbahn|Stadtbahn]]}} |
||
xABZg+l\xABZgr |
xABZg+l\xABZgr |
||
eABZg+r\exSTR~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Stadtbahn|from Warschauer Straße]] (under construction) |
eABZg+r\exSTR~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Stadtbahn|from Warschauer Straße]] (under construction) |
||
SBHF\exSTR~~14.3~~[[Berlin Treptower Park station|Treptower Park]] |
SBHF\exSTR~~14.3~~[[Berlin Treptower Park station|Treptower Park]] |
||
ABZgl\exABZgl~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin–Görlitz railway|to Baumschulenweg]] |
ABZgl\exABZgl~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin–Görlitz railway|to Baumschulenweg]] |
||
eKRZo\exKRZo~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin–Görlitz railway|Görlitz Bahn]] |
eKRZo\exKRZo~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin–Görlitz railway|Görlitz Bahn]] |
||
STR+GRZq\exSTR+GRZq~~ ~~ ~~former [[East Berlin]]–[[West Berlin]] border |
STR+GRZq\exSTR+GRZq~~ ~~ ~~former [[East Berlin]]–[[West Berlin]] border |
||
Line 53: | Line 55: | ||
hKRZWae\hKRZWae~~ ~~ ~~[[Neuköllner Schiffahrtskanal]] |
hKRZWae\hKRZWae~~ ~~ ~~[[Neuköllner Schiffahrtskanal]] |
||
SHST\STR~~16.5~~[[Berlin Sonnenallee station|Berlin Sonnenallee]] |
SHST\STR~~16.5~~[[Berlin Sonnenallee station|Berlin Sonnenallee]] |
||
ABZg+l\ABZg+l~~ ~~ ~~[[Baumschulenweg–Neukölln connecting line|from Baumschulenweg]] |
ABZg+l\ABZg+l~~ ~~ ~~[[Baumschulenweg–Neukölln connecting line|from Baumschulenweg]] |
||
SBHF\DST~~17.7~~[[Berlin-Neukölln station|Berlin-Neukölln]]~~ ~~ |
SBHF\DST~~17.7~~[[Berlin-Neukölln station|Berlin-Neukölln]]~~ ~~ |
||
SBHF\eBHF~~18.5~~[[Berlin Hermannstraße station|Berlin Hermannstraße]]~~ |
SBHF\eBHF~~18.5~~[[Berlin Hermannstraße station|Berlin Hermannstraße]]~~ |
||
STR\ABZgl~~ ~~ ~~[[Neukölln–Mittenwalde railway|NME to Berlin-Rudow]] |
STR\ABZgl~~ ~~ ~~[[Neukölln–Mittenwalde railway|NME to Berlin-Rudow]] |
||
SBHF\DST~~21.9~~[[Berlin-Tempelhof station|Berlin-Tempelhof]]~~ ~~ |
SBHF\DST~~21.9~~[[Berlin-Tempelhof station|Berlin-Tempelhof]]~~ ~~ |
||
STR\ABZgl~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin–Dresden railway|to Marienfelde]] |
STR\ABZgl~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin–Dresden railway|to Marienfelde]] |
||
KMW\KMW~~{{BSsplit|22.510|22.522|line=1|align=right}}~~ ~~km change −0.012 km |
KMW\KMW~~{{BSsplit|22.510|22.522|line=1|align=right}}~~ ~~km change −0.012 km |
||
Line 64: | Line 66: | ||
eABZgr+r\STR~~ ~~ ~~[[Südringspitzkehre]] (until 1944) |
eABZgr+r\STR~~ ~~ ~~[[Südringspitzkehre]] (until 1944) |
||
eKRZo\eKRZol~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin–Magdeburg railway|former main line]] |
eKRZo\eKRZol~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin–Magdeburg railway|former main line]] |
||
TSBHFo\KRZo~~24.6~~{{BSto|[[Berlin-Schöneberg station|Berlin-Schöneberg]]|(since 1 March 1933)}}~~[[Wannsee Railway]]~~ |
TSBHFo\KRZo~~24.6~~{{BSto|[[Berlin-Schöneberg station|Berlin-Schöneberg]]|(since 1 March 1933)}}~~[[Wannsee Railway]]~~ |
||
eSBHF\exSTR~~ ~~Berlin Ebersstraße~~(until 1 March 1933) |
eSBHF\exSTR~~ ~~Berlin Ebersstraße~~(until 1 March 1933) |
||
SHST\exSTR~~25.3~~[[Berlin Innsbrucker Platz station|Innsbrucker Platz]]~~ ~~ |
SHST\exSTR~~25.3~~[[Berlin Innsbrucker Platz station|Innsbrucker Platz]]~~ ~~ |
||
STR\exDST~~25.5~~Berlin-Wilmersdorf freight yard |
STR\exDST~~25.5~~Berlin-Wilmersdorf freight yard |
||
SBHF\exSTR~~26.1~~[[Berlin Bundesplatz station|Berlin Bundesplatz]] |
SBHF\exSTR~~26.1~~[[Berlin Bundesplatz station|Berlin Bundesplatz]] |
||
SHST\exSTR~~27.4~~[[Berlin Heidelberger Platz station|Berlin Heidelberger Platz]]~~ ~~ |
SHST\exSTR~~27.4~~[[Berlin Heidelberger Platz station|Berlin Heidelberger Platz]]~~ ~~ |
||
SHST\exSTR~~28.6~~[[Berlin Hohenzollerndamm station|Berlin Hohenzollerndamm]] |
SHST\exSTR~~28.6~~[[Berlin Hohenzollerndamm station|Berlin Hohenzollerndamm]] |
||
SBHF\exDST~~29.7~~[[Berlin-Halensee station|Berlin-Halensee]] |
SBHF\exDST~~29.7~~[[Berlin-Halensee station|Berlin-Halensee]] |
||
Line 75: | Line 77: | ||
ABZgr\exSTR~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Stadtbahn|to Charlottenburg]] |
ABZgr\exSTR~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Stadtbahn|to Charlottenburg]] |
||
KRZu\xKRZu~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin-Blankenheim railway|Berlin–Blankenheim]] |
KRZu\xKRZu~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin-Blankenheim railway|Berlin–Blankenheim]] |
||
TSBHFo\xKRZo~~30.4~~{{BSto|[[Berlin Westkreuz station|Berlin Westkreuz]]|[[Berlin Stadtbahn|Stadtbahn]] |
TSBHFo\xKRZo~~30.4~~{{BSto|[[Berlin Westkreuz station|Berlin Westkreuz]]|[[Berlin Stadtbahn|Stadtbahn]]}} |
||
eABZg+r\exABZg+r~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Stadtbahn|from Charlottenburg]] until 1944 |
eABZg+r\exABZg+r~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin Stadtbahn|from Charlottenburg]] until 1944 |
||
STR\xABZg+l~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin-Blankenheim railway|from Grunewald]] |
STR\xABZg+l~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin-Blankenheim railway|from Grunewald]] |
||
SHST\STR~~31.2~~[[Berlin Messe Nord/ICC station|Berlin Messe Nord/ICC (Witzleben)]]~~ ~~ |
SHST\STR~~31.2~~[[Berlin Messe Nord/ICC station|Berlin Messe Nord/ICC (Witzleben)]]~~ ~~ |
||
SBHF\eBHF~~32.4~~[[Berlin-Westend station|Berlin-Westend]] |
SBHF\eBHF~~32.4~~[[Berlin-Westend station|Berlin-Westend]] |
||
STR\ABZgl~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin-Hamburg railway|to Spandau]] |
STR\ABZgl~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin-Hamburg railway|to Spandau]] |
||
STR2\STR3u~~ ~~ ~~(flying junction) |
STR2\STR3u~~ ~~ ~~(flying junction) |
||
STR+1u\STR+4 |
STR+1u\STR+4 |
||
ABZg+l\eABZg+l~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin-Hamburg railway|from Spandau]] [[Siemens Railway|and Gartenfeld]] until 1980 |
ABZg+l\eABZg+l~~ ~~ ~~[[Berlin-Hamburg railway|from Spandau]] [[Siemens Railway|and Gartenfeld]] until 1980 |
||
BHF\SBHF~~34.6~~[[Berlin Jungfernheide station|Berlin Jungfernheide]]~~ ~~ |
BHF\SBHF~~34.6~~[[Berlin Jungfernheide station|Berlin Jungfernheide]]~~ ~~ |
||
STR\SBHF~~36.7~~[[Berlin Beusselstraße station|Berlin Beusselstraße]] |
STR\SBHF~~36.7~~[[Berlin Beusselstraße station|Berlin Beusselstraße]] |
||
DST\eBHF~~{{BSsplit|36.9|0.0|line=1|align=right}}~~[[Berlin-Moabit station|Berlin-Moabit]] |
DST\eBHF~~{{BSsplit|36.9|0.0|line=1|align=right}}~~[[Berlin-Moabit station|Berlin-Moabit]] |
||
STR\STR~~ |
|||
STR\STR~~{{ÖPNV Berlin|S41|10}}{{ÖPNV Berlin|S42|10}} |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''Ringbahn''' ([[German language|German]] for Circular Railway) is a {{convert|37.5|km|abbr=on}} long [[railway]] line of the [[Berlin S-Bahn]] network in [[Germany]], around the city centre. The [[circle route]] is made up of the double tracked [[S-Bahn]] ring and the parallel freight ring. The S-Bahn lines [[S4x (Berlin)|S 41]] (clockwise) and [[S4x (Berlin)|S 42]] (anticlockwise) have the rare service pattern of a full ring, with no terminus. |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | The '''Ringbahn''' ([[German language|German]] for circle railway) is a {{convert|37.5|km|abbr=on}} long [[circle route]] around Berlin's inner city area, on the [[Berlin S-Bahn]] network. Its course is made up of a [[Double-track railway|pair of tracks]] used by [[S-Bahn]] trains and another parallel pair of tracks used by various regional, long distance and freight trains. The S-Bahn lines [[S41/42 (Berlin)|S41 and S42]] provide a closed-loop continuous service without termini. Lines S45, S46 and S47 use a section of the southern and western ring, while lines S8 and S85 use sections of the eastern ring. The combined number of passengers is about 400,000 passengers a day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.db.de/site/bahn/de/unternehmen/presse/presseinformationen/bbmv/bbmv20061228.html|publisher=Deutsche Bahn AG|title=Rekordfahrgastzahlen bei der S-Bahn|language=de}}</ref> Due to its distinctive shape, the line is often referred to as the ''Hundekopf'' (Dog's Head).<ref>{{cite news|title=AUS DER GESCHICHTE DER BERLINER RINGBAHN Der "Hundekopf" entsteht wieder|date=2001-09-13|publisher=Berliner Zeitung|pages=S 07|language=de|url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/der--hundekopf--entsteht-wieder-16503644}}</ref> |
||
⚫ | The |
||
⚫ | The Ringbahn is bisected by an east–west railway thoroughfare called the [[Berlin Stadtbahn|Stadtbahn]] (city railway), which crosses the Ringbahn from [[Berlin Westkreuz station|Westkreuz]] (Western Cross) to [[Ostkreuz]] (Eastern Cross), forming a Südring (Southern Ring) and a Nordring (Northern Ring). The north-south S-Bahn link (with the [[Berlin Nord-Süd Tunnel|North-South S-Bahn-tunnel]] as its core) divides the Ringbahn into a ''Westring'' (Western Ring) and an ''Ostring'' (Eastern Ring), crossing at [[Berlin-Gesundbrunnen station|Gesundbrunnen station]] in the north and both [[Berlin-Schöneberg station|Schöneberg station]] and [[Berlin Südkreuz|Südkreuz]] in the south. These four sections served as tariff zones of the suburban fare structure before [[World War II]]. Over time, these four rings ceased to exist with the removal of track connections. Only at Westkreuz does an original such track remain, used only for utility purposes. At Ostkreuz, a newly-designed bypass provides access to southern branches without having to enter the station. Gesundbrunnen is not a typical crossing, but rather has parallel tracks that curve to the south after leaving the station, allowing trains to run towards [[Berlin Südkreuz station|Südkreuz]]. |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
[[File:S-Bahn Berlin Westkreuz Ringbahn.jpg|thumb|left|Ringbahn platform at [[Berlin Westkreuz|Westkreuz]]]] |
[[File:S-Bahn Berlin Westkreuz Ringbahn.jpg|thumb|left|Ringbahn platform at [[Berlin Westkreuz|Westkreuz]]]] |
||
Line 101: | Line 103: | ||
===Background === |
===Background === |
||
In 1851 the ''Königliche Bahnhofs-Verbindungsbahn'' (Royal Station Connection Railway) was completed between the termini of some railroads terminating in Berlin: initially the [[Berlin Nordbahnhof|Stettiner Bahnhof]] and the [[Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof|Anhalter Bahnhof]], but later to include the [[Berlin Ostbahnhof|Schlesischer Bahnhof]].<ref name="Fabian_2000"/> It was laid in the streets, |
In 1851, the ''Königliche Bahnhofs-Verbindungsbahn'' (Royal Station Connection Railway) was completed between the termini of some railroads terminating in Berlin: initially the [[Berlin Nordbahnhof|Stettiner Bahnhof]] and the [[Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof|Anhalter Bahnhof]], but later to include the [[Berlin Ostbahnhof|Schlesischer Bahnhof]].<ref name="Fabian_2000"/> It was laid in the streets, which disrupted traffic as well as local residents. Thus, in order to reduce disruption of traffic, trains ran at night, as the train bell had to be rung constantly. |
||
Plans were soon developed to build a ring line primarily for freight, running outside the then city limits. Funding for construction was possible only after the victory in the [[Austro-Prussian War|war with Austria of 1866]]. The [[Berlin–Wrocław railway|Lower Silesia-March [of Brandenburg] Railway Company]] was commissioned to construct and manage the line: construction began in 1867 and was completed in 1877. |
Plans were soon developed to build a ring line primarily for freight, running outside the then city limits. Funding for construction was possible only after the victory in the [[Austro-Prussian War|war with Austria of 1866]]. The [[Berlin–Wrocław railway|Lower Silesia-March [of Brandenburg] Railway Company]] was commissioned to construct and manage the line: construction began in 1867 and was completed in 1877. |
||
===Route=== |
===Route=== |
||
[[File:Berliner Ringbahn1885.jpg|thumb|left|Ring Railway in |
[[File:Berliner Ringbahn1885.jpg|thumb|left|Ring Railway in 1877]] |
||
The first section opened on 17 July 1871 from Moabit through [[Berlin-Gesundbrunnen station|Gesundbrunnen]], Central-Viehhof (now [[Berlin Storkower Straße station|Storkower Straße]]), Stralau-Rummelsburg (now [[Ostkreuz]]), Rixdorf (now [[Berlin-Neukölln station|Neukölln]]) and Schöneberg (later Kolonnenstraße, at the side where there is the new [[Berlin Julius-Leber-Brücke station|Julius-Leber-Brücke]]) to Potsdamer |
The first section opened on 17 July 1871 from Moabit through [[Berlin-Gesundbrunnen station|Gesundbrunnen]], Central-Viehhof (now [[Berlin Storkower Straße station|Storkower Straße]]), Stralau-Rummelsburg (now [[Ostkreuz]]), Rixdorf (now [[Berlin-Neukölln station|Neukölln]]) and Schöneberg (later Kolonnenstraße, at the side where there is the new [[Berlin Julius-Leber-Brücke station|Julius-Leber-Brücke]]) to [[Berlin Potsdamer Bahnhof|Potsdamer station]] (and, from 1891 onward, to a separate annex, Potsdamer ring station). From there, trains returned in the opposite direction. The line crossed the [[Anhalt Railway]] (and later the Royal Prussian Military Railway) on bridges. |
||
With the opening of the section from Schöneberg through the still-independent city of [[Charlottenburg]] (now [[Berlin-Westend station|Westend station]]) to Moabit on 15 November 1877, the ring was complete for freight and long |
With the opening of the section from Schöneberg through the still-independent city of [[Charlottenburg]] (now [[Berlin-Westend station|Westend station]]) to Moabit on 15 November 1877, the ring was complete for freight and long-distance trains, while the suburban trains running on the Ringbahn would still visit and reverse at Potsdamer station in the [[city center]], turning north from the ring, running parallel to the [[Berlin–Potsdam–Magdeburg Railway]]. This section from the actual ring into the Potsdamer ring station became known as the ''Südringspitzkehre'' (''Southern ring [[Zig zag (railway)|switchback]] or [[hairpin turn]]''), reflecting the need for trains to reverse there to continue their trip around the ring. Passengers could change at the ''Kolonnenstraße'' station across the platform to continue to ride on the Ringbahn without going all the way to the Potsdamer Ringbahnhof. |
||
From 1 January 1872, freight was carried on the line to freight yards separate from the passenger stations. The line was electrified in 1926. In 1930, ring line operation was combined with the [[Berlin Stadtbahn|Stadtbahn]] and suburban services as the [[Berlin S-Bahn]]. |
From 1 January 1872 onwards, freight was carried on the line to freight yards separate from the passenger stations. The line was electrified in 1926. In 1930, ring line operation was combined with the [[Berlin Stadtbahn|Stadtbahn]] and suburban services as the [[Berlin S-Bahn]]. |
||
Since the trains were pulled by steam locomotives, they had to be refilled with water and coal and serviced at relatively short intervals; this was possible by reversing at Potsdamer Bahnhof. Even after electrification, the management of the railway company wanted to spare the passengers the need to change at the ''Papestraße'' or [[Schöneberg]] stations to |
Since the trains were pulled by steam locomotives, they had to be refilled with water and coal and serviced at relatively short intervals; this was possible by reversing at Potsdamer Bahnhof. Even after electrification, the management of the railway company wanted to spare the passengers the need to change at the ''Papestraße'' or [[Schöneberg]] stations to a properly provisioned train traveling from the suburbs to downtown Berlin. Originally, there were not even the necessary rails for continuing on the Ringbahn between Schöneberg and Papestraße stations. |
||
The ''Reichsbahn'' planned to replace the level crossings between the |
The ''Reichsbahn'' planned to replace the level crossings between the Ringbahn and ''Südringspitzkehre'' with over- and underpasses together with the building of the north-south S-Bahn line in the late 1930s, but this was omitted as one of many planned changes after the proclamation of Hitler's ''Welthauptstadt Germania'' on 30 January 1937.<ref name="VT_Sonderdruck-71-p20"/> In [[World War II]], the Potsdamer and [[Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof|Anhalter]] stations were heavily bombed; the ''Südringspitzkehre'' was closed in 1944 and was never reopened.<ref name="Braun-M_2008"/> |
||
===The Berlin Wall division=== |
===The Berlin Wall division=== |
||
From 1944 until the construction of the [[Berlin Wall]] in 1961, S-Bahn trains ran over the direct line between Papestraße (now [[Berlin Südkreuz|Südkreuz]]) and Schöneberg opened in 1933, making a complete circle. With the building of the Wall, the line was broken in two places: |
From 1944 until the construction of the [[Berlin Wall]] in 1961, S-Bahn trains ran over the direct line between Papestraße (now [[Berlin Südkreuz|Südkreuz]]) and Schöneberg opened in 1933, making a complete circle. With the building of the Wall, the line was broken in two places: |
||
*In [[West Berlin]] a separate line on a |
*In [[West Berlin]] a separate line on a three-quarter ring ran between Gesundbrunnen and [[Berlin Sonnenallee station|Sonnenallee]] or [[Köllnische Heide station|Köllnische Heide]]. |
||
*In [[East Berlin]] the remaining section ran between [[Berlin Schönhauser Allee station|Schönhauser Allee]] and [[Berlin Treptower Park station|Treptower Park]], on the suburban lines to [[Berlin-Szczecin railway|Bernau]] and [[Berlin–Görlitz railway|Königs Wusterhausen]] or [[Berlin Schönefeld Airport|Schönefeld Airport]]. |
*In [[East Berlin]] the remaining section ran between [[Berlin Schönhauser Allee station|Schönhauser Allee]] and [[Berlin Treptower Park station|Treptower Park]], on the suburban lines to [[Berlin-Szczecin railway|Bernau]] and [[Berlin–Görlitz railway|Königs Wusterhausen]] or [[Berlin Schönefeld Airport|Schönefeld Airport]]. |
||
Line 137: | Line 139: | ||
*17 September 2001: Between Schönhauser Allee and Gesundbrunnen, over the old border, and the part of the section from Bornholmer Straße to Schönhauser Allee is closed for reconstruction work. |
*17 September 2001: Between Schönhauser Allee and Gesundbrunnen, over the old border, and the part of the section from Bornholmer Straße to Schönhauser Allee is closed for reconstruction work. |
||
More than 12 years after the fall of the Wall, the last gap of the S-Bahn between Westhafen, [[Berlin-Wedding station|Wedding]] and Gesundbrunnen, was fully restored on 16 June 2002. Promotional material for the reopening referred this as the "Wedding Day |
More than 12 years after the fall of the Wall, the last gap of the S-Bahn between Westhafen, [[Berlin-Wedding station|Wedding]] and Gesundbrunnen, was fully restored on 16 June 2002. Promotional material for the reopening referred this as the "Wedding Day," an allusion to the English word "wedding." Services operated under the "screw concept," as trains entered the ring from the south at Neukölln and circled around it one and a half times, at the time the trip around the ring could not be achieved in less than 63 minutes. |
||
Since 28 May 2006, circular service has been operated as lines |
Since 28 May 2006, circular service has been operated as lines S41 (clockwise) and S42 (anticlockwise). Trains take around 60 minutes, running every five minutes in peak hours and every ten minutes between the peaks, and in the evenings, using the greatly accelerated 481/482 series trains. Some sections of the ring are used by other lines. On the southern ring from the Görlitz line in the southeast, line [[S47 (Berlin)|S47]] terminates at [[Berlin Hermannstraße station|Hermannstraße]], [[S46 (Berlin)|S46]] at Westend and [[S45 (Berlin)|S45]] at [[Berlin Südkreuz station]], with some terminating at [[Berlin Bundesplatz station|Bundesplatz]]. On the eastern section of the ring, lines [[S8 (Berlin)|S8]], [[S85 (Berlin)|S85]] and [[S9 (Berlin)|S9]] operate between Schönhauser Allee and Treptower Park. |
||
==Services== |
==Services== |
||
Under what is called the "mushroom concept |
Under what is called the "mushroom concept," the long-distance lines on the northern part of the ring for regional or long-distance services were rebuilt and electrified. On the ring line, regional and mainline services stop at Gesundbrunnen and regional services stop at Jungfernheide. |
||
The majority of the former ring line freight yards have been closed down or dismantled. Part of the former freight inner ring between Neukölln and Tempelhof is still used for freight, with a depot at Berlin-Moabit. The freight line is closed in the vicinity of Südkreuz and Ostkreuz. |
The majority of the former ring line freight yards have been closed down or dismantled. Part of the former freight inner ring between Neukölln and Tempelhof is still used for freight, with a depot at Berlin-Moabit. The freight line is closed in the vicinity of Südkreuz and Ostkreuz. |
||
Line 161: | Line 163: | ||
*A connection between Charlottenburg and Messe Nord/ICC (north ring curve) was used until 1944; after destruction in World War II it was not rebuilt. |
*A connection between Charlottenburg and Messe Nord/ICC (north ring curve) was used until 1944; after destruction in World War II it was not rebuilt. |
||
*The connecting curve between Charlottenburg and Halensee (south ring curve) was rebuilt in the early 1990s with only one track. Currently, it is used for service traffic and on weekdays by two line S46 services daily. |
*The connecting curve between Charlottenburg and Halensee (south ring curve) was rebuilt in the early 1990s with only one track. Currently, it is used for service traffic and on weekdays by two line S46 services daily. |
||
The Südringspitzkehre spur to Potsdamer Bahnhof was closed in 1944 due to war damage and never rebuilt. Its reconstruction is being considered in the planning options for [[Berlin Nord-Süd-Tunnel#Planning and Development (S21)| |
The Südringspitzkehre spur to Potsdamer Bahnhof was closed in 1944 due to war damage and never rebuilt. Its reconstruction is being considered in the planning options for line [[Berlin Nord-Süd-Tunnel#Planning and Development (S21)|S21]]. |
||
===Mainline=== |
===Mainline=== |
||
Line 168: | Line 170: | ||
*in Wedding/Westhafen since 2006, connecting to the [[Berlin North–South mainline|North-South mainline]] from both directions towards [[Berlin Hauptbahnhof|Hauptbahnhof]] |
*in Wedding/Westhafen since 2006, connecting to the [[Berlin North–South mainline|North-South mainline]] from both directions towards [[Berlin Hauptbahnhof|Hauptbahnhof]] |
||
*in Gesundbrunnen/Schönhauser Allee, connecting from both directions to the [[Berlin-Szczecin railway|Stettin Railway]] and the northeast |
*in Gesundbrunnen/Schönhauser Allee, connecting from both directions to the [[Berlin-Szczecin railway|Stettin Railway]] and the northeast |
||
*in Frankfurter Allee/Ostkreuz, from both directions to the [[Berlin Frankfurter Allee–Berlin-Rummelsburg railway|Berlin Frankfurter Allee–Berlin-Rummelsburg line]] to [[Berlin-Lichtenberg station]] and Rummelsburg |
*in Frankfurter Allee/Ostkreuz, from both directions to the [[Berlin Frankfurter Allee–Berlin-Rummelsburg railway|Berlin Frankfurter Allee–Berlin-Rummelsburg line]] to [[Berlin-Lichtenberg station]] and Rummelsburg [[classification yard]] |
||
*in the Treptow Park area, from the north to the [[Berlin–Görlitz railway|Görlitz line]] (out of service) |
*in the Treptow Park area, from the north to the [[Berlin–Görlitz railway|Görlitz line]] (out of service) |
||
*in Neukölln, from the west to the Görlitz line |
*in Neukölln, from the west to the Görlitz line |
||
Line 183: | Line 185: | ||
*[[Yamanote Line]] |
*[[Yamanote Line]] |
||
*[[City Circle Line]] |
*[[City Circle Line]] |
||
*[[Circle MRT |
*[[Circle MRT line]] |
||
*[[Seoul Subway Line 2]] |
|||
==Notes== |
==Notes== |
||
Line 197: | Line 200: | ||
|isbn=9783892181125|oclc=229451827 |
|isbn=9783892181125|oclc=229451827 |
||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="Fabian_2000">Fabian,T, 2000 The Evolution of the Berlin Urban Railway Network 'Japan Railway & Transport Review' Vol25</ref> |
<ref name="Fabian_2000">Fabian, T, 2000 The Evolution of the Berlin Urban Railway Network 'Japan Railway & Transport Review' Vol25</ref> |
||
<ref name="VT_Sonderdruck-71-p20">{{cite book |
<ref name="VT_Sonderdruck-71-p20">{{cite book |
||
|title=Entwurf und Bau des südlichen Streckenteiles der Nordsüd-S-Bahn|language=German |
|title=Entwurf und Bau des südlichen Streckenteiles der Nordsüd-S-Bahn|language=German |
||
Line 218: | Line 221: | ||
*{{cite book| first= Peter |last= Bley| title= Die Berliner S-Bahn: Gesellschaftsgeschichte eines industriellen Verkehrsmittels (The Berlin S-Bahn: social history of a transport industry ) |publisher= Alba |location= Düsseldorf |year= 1997 |language=German}} |
*{{cite book| first= Peter |last= Bley| title= Die Berliner S-Bahn: Gesellschaftsgeschichte eines industriellen Verkehrsmittels (The Berlin S-Bahn: social history of a transport industry ) |publisher= Alba |location= Düsseldorf |year= 1997 |language=German}} |
||
*{{cite book| first= Peter |last= Bley| title= Berliner S-Bahn: vom Dampfzug zur elektrischen Stadtschnellbahn (Berlin S-Bahn: from steam to electric rapid transport) |publisher= Alba |location= Düsseldorf |year= 1980 |language=German}} |
*{{cite book| first= Peter |last= Bley| title= Berliner S-Bahn: vom Dampfzug zur elektrischen Stadtschnellbahn (Berlin S-Bahn: from steam to electric rapid transport) |publisher= Alba |location= Düsseldorf |year= 1980 |language=German}} |
||
*{{cite web| first=Waldemar |last= Suadicani | title=Berliner Ringbahn |url= http://www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Berliner+Ringbahn?hl=suadicani |
*{{cite web| first=Waldemar |last= Suadicani | title=Berliner Ringbahn |url= http://www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Berliner+Ringbahn?hl=suadicani |publisher= Röll: Enzyklopädie des Eisenbahnwesens |location= Berlin, Wien |year= 1915 |language=German}} |
||
==External links== |
==External links== |
Latest revision as of 16:56, 18 March 2024
The Ringbahn (German for circle railway) is a 37.5 km (23.3 mi) long circle route around Berlin's inner city area, on the Berlin S-Bahn network. Its course is made up of a pair of tracks used by S-Bahn trains and another parallel pair of tracks used by various regional, long distance and freight trains. The S-Bahn lines S41 and S42 provide a closed-loop continuous service without termini. Lines S45, S46 and S47 use a section of the southern and western ring, while lines S8 and S85 use sections of the eastern ring. The combined number of passengers is about 400,000 passengers a day.[2] Due to its distinctive shape, the line is often referred to as the Hundekopf (Dog's Head).[3]
The Ringbahn is bisected by an east–west railway thoroughfare called the Stadtbahn (city railway), which crosses the Ringbahn from Westkreuz (Western Cross) to Ostkreuz (Eastern Cross), forming a Südring (Southern Ring) and a Nordring (Northern Ring). The north-south S-Bahn link (with the North-South S-Bahn-tunnel as its core) divides the Ringbahn into a Westring (Western Ring) and an Ostring (Eastern Ring), crossing at Gesundbrunnen station in the north and both Schöneberg station and Südkreuz in the south. These four sections served as tariff zones of the suburban fare structure before World War II. Over time, these four rings ceased to exist with the removal of track connections. Only at Westkreuz does an original such track remain, used only for utility purposes. At Ostkreuz, a newly-designed bypass provides access to southern branches without having to enter the station. Gesundbrunnen is not a typical crossing, but rather has parallel tracks that curve to the south after leaving the station, allowing trains to run towards Südkreuz.
The approximately 88-square-kilometre (34 sq mi) area encompassed by the Ringbahn comprises the "Berlin A" zone in the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg's fare structure. The Ringbahn also serves as the border for Berlin's low-emission zone, established on 1 January 2008.
History[edit]
Background[edit]
In 1851, the Königliche Bahnhofs-Verbindungsbahn (Royal Station Connection Railway) was completed between the termini of some railroads terminating in Berlin: initially the Stettiner Bahnhof and the Anhalter Bahnhof, but later to include the Schlesischer Bahnhof.[4] It was laid in the streets, which disrupted traffic as well as local residents. Thus, in order to reduce disruption of traffic, trains ran at night, as the train bell had to be rung constantly.
Plans were soon developed to build a ring line primarily for freight, running outside the then city limits. Funding for construction was possible only after the victory in the war with Austria of 1866. The Lower Silesia-March [of Brandenburg] Railway Company was commissioned to construct and manage the line: construction began in 1867 and was completed in 1877.
Route[edit]
The first section opened on 17 July 1871 from Moabit through Gesundbrunnen, Central-Viehhof (now Storkower Straße), Stralau-Rummelsburg (now Ostkreuz), Rixdorf (now Neukölln) and Schöneberg (later Kolonnenstraße, at the side where there is the new Julius-Leber-Brücke) to Potsdamer station (and, from 1891 onward, to a separate annex, Potsdamer ring station). From there, trains returned in the opposite direction. The line crossed the Anhalt Railway (and later the Royal Prussian Military Railway) on bridges.
With the opening of the section from Schöneberg through the still-independent city of Charlottenburg (now Westend station) to Moabit on 15 November 1877, the ring was complete for freight and long-distance trains, while the suburban trains running on the Ringbahn would still visit and reverse at Potsdamer station in the city center, turning north from the ring, running parallel to the Berlin–Potsdam–Magdeburg Railway. This section from the actual ring into the Potsdamer ring station became known as the Südringspitzkehre (Southern ring switchback or hairpin turn), reflecting the need for trains to reverse there to continue their trip around the ring. Passengers could change at the Kolonnenstraße station across the platform to continue to ride on the Ringbahn without going all the way to the Potsdamer Ringbahnhof.
From 1 January 1872 onwards, freight was carried on the line to freight yards separate from the passenger stations. The line was electrified in 1926. In 1930, ring line operation was combined with the Stadtbahn and suburban services as the Berlin S-Bahn.
Since the trains were pulled by steam locomotives, they had to be refilled with water and coal and serviced at relatively short intervals; this was possible by reversing at Potsdamer Bahnhof. Even after electrification, the management of the railway company wanted to spare the passengers the need to change at the Papestraße or Schöneberg stations to a properly provisioned train traveling from the suburbs to downtown Berlin. Originally, there were not even the necessary rails for continuing on the Ringbahn between Schöneberg and Papestraße stations.
The Reichsbahn planned to replace the level crossings between the Ringbahn and Südringspitzkehre with over- and underpasses together with the building of the north-south S-Bahn line in the late 1930s, but this was omitted as one of many planned changes after the proclamation of Hitler's Welthauptstadt Germania on 30 January 1937.[5] In World War II, the Potsdamer and Anhalter stations were heavily bombed; the Südringspitzkehre was closed in 1944 and was never reopened.[6]
The Berlin Wall division[edit]
From 1944 until the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, S-Bahn trains ran over the direct line between Papestraße (now Südkreuz) and Schöneberg opened in 1933, making a complete circle. With the building of the Wall, the line was broken in two places:
- In West Berlin a separate line on a three-quarter ring ran between Gesundbrunnen and Sonnenallee or Köllnische Heide.
- In East Berlin the remaining section ran between Schönhauser Allee and Treptower Park, on the suburban lines to Bernau and Königs Wusterhausen or Schönefeld Airport.
The building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 prevented continuous operation, after which passenger numbers on the West Berlin side, between Gesundbrunnen and Sonnenallee, declined. This was caused partly by a politically motivated call for a boycott, because revenue from the West Berlin S-Bahn, which was operated by East German railways, supported the East German government. The East Berlin section, from Schönhauser Allee to Treptower Park, remained in operation as it formed part of a major north-south tangent.
After the 1980 S-Bahn strike, service on the western part of the ring was suspended for about 13 years.
On 9 January 1984, a treaty between East Germany and the West Berlin Senate came into force and turned over responsibility for operation of the S-Bahn in West Berlin to the West Berlin transport authority BVG. It was initially planned to restore the section between Westend and Sonnenallee.
Reunification[edit]
After German reunification in 1990, plans were changed, so that in 1993 the south ring was reopened to the junction with the line towards Baumschulenweg with a connection to the Goerlitz line. The reconstruction of the connection between Sonnenallee and Treptow Park required large-scale renovation that was not feasible in the short term. The western part of the ring line was put back into operation in stages:
- 17 December 1993: Between Baumschulenweg, Neukölln and Westend
- 15 April 1997: Between Westend and Jungfernheide
- 19 December 1997: Between Neukölln and Treptower Park
- 19 December 1999: Between Jungfernheide and Westhafen
- 17 September 2001: Between Schönhauser Allee and Gesundbrunnen, over the old border, and the part of the section from Bornholmer Straße to Schönhauser Allee is closed for reconstruction work.
More than 12 years after the fall of the Wall, the last gap of the S-Bahn between Westhafen, Wedding and Gesundbrunnen, was fully restored on 16 June 2002. Promotional material for the reopening referred this as the "Wedding Day," an allusion to the English word "wedding." Services operated under the "screw concept," as trains entered the ring from the south at Neukölln and circled around it one and a half times, at the time the trip around the ring could not be achieved in less than 63 minutes.
Since 28 May 2006, circular service has been operated as lines S41 (clockwise) and S42 (anticlockwise). Trains take around 60 minutes, running every five minutes in peak hours and every ten minutes between the peaks, and in the evenings, using the greatly accelerated 481/482 series trains. Some sections of the ring are used by other lines. On the southern ring from the Görlitz line in the southeast, line S47 terminates at Hermannstraße, S46 at Westend and S45 at Berlin Südkreuz station, with some terminating at Bundesplatz. On the eastern section of the ring, lines S8, S85 and S9 operate between Schönhauser Allee and Treptower Park.
Services[edit]
Under what is called the "mushroom concept," the long-distance lines on the northern part of the ring for regional or long-distance services were rebuilt and electrified. On the ring line, regional and mainline services stop at Gesundbrunnen and regional services stop at Jungfernheide.
The majority of the former ring line freight yards have been closed down or dismantled. Part of the former freight inner ring between Neukölln and Tempelhof is still used for freight, with a depot at Berlin-Moabit. The freight line is closed in the vicinity of Südkreuz and Ostkreuz.
Branches and connection curves[edit]
S-Bahn[edit]
Branches from the ring line are:
- from Gesundbrunnen and Schönhauser Allee via Bornholmer Straße to Pankow and Schönholz (operating)
- from Treptower Park and Neukölln to Baumschulenweg (operating)
- from Jungfernheide via Wernerwerk to Gartenfeld (Siemens Railway, out of service and partially dismantled)
- from Jungfernheide via Siemensstadt-Fürstenbrunn to Spandau (S-Bahn tracks removed)
There are connecting curves between the ring line and the Stadtbahn at Ostkreuz and Westkreuz.
- The south ring curve at Ostkreuz was completely rebuilt between 28 August 2009 and 10 December 2017.
- The north ring curve at Ostkreuz was closed on 28 May 2006 and dismantled.
- A connection between Charlottenburg and Messe Nord/ICC (north ring curve) was used until 1944; after destruction in World War II it was not rebuilt.
- The connecting curve between Charlottenburg and Halensee (south ring curve) was rebuilt in the early 1990s with only one track. Currently, it is used for service traffic and on weekdays by two line S46 services daily.
The Südringspitzkehre spur to Potsdamer Bahnhof was closed in 1944 due to war damage and never rebuilt. Its reconstruction is being considered in the planning options for line S21.
Mainline[edit]
The following long-distance and freight curves connect with the ring line:
- from Berlin-Moabit, for freight from the west, formerly connecting the Hamburger Bahnhof and Lehrter Bahnhof, still used for freight.
- in Wedding/Westhafen since 2006, connecting to the North-South mainline from both directions towards Hauptbahnhof
- in Gesundbrunnen/Schönhauser Allee, connecting from both directions to the Stettin Railway and the northeast
- in Frankfurter Allee/Ostkreuz, from both directions to the Berlin Frankfurter Allee–Berlin-Rummelsburg line to Berlin-Lichtenberg station and Rummelsburg classification yard
- in the Treptow Park area, from the north to the Görlitz line (out of service)
- in Neukölln, from the west to the Görlitz line
- in Hermannstraße, from the east to the Neukölln–Mittenwald line
- in Tempelhof/Südkreuz, a freight rail from the east to Berlin-Marienfelde (out of service)
- in Südkreuz/Schöneberg, a freight rail towards Zehlendorf (out of service)
- in Westkreuz/Halensee, from both directions to the Wetzlar line
- in Westend/Jungfernheide, from both directions to Spandau
See also[edit]
- Berlin outer ring
- Circle line (London Underground)
- Koltsevaya Line
- Yamanote Line
- City Circle Line
- Circle MRT line
- Seoul Subway Line 2
Notes[edit]
- ^ Eisenbahnatlas Deutschland (German railway atlas). Schweers + Wall. 2009. pp. 128–9. ISBN 978-3-89494-139-0.
- ^ "Rekordfahrgastzahlen bei der S-Bahn" (in German). Deutsche Bahn AG.
- ^ "AUS DER GESCHICHTE DER BERLINER RINGBAHN Der "Hundekopf" entsteht wieder" (in German). Berliner Zeitung. 2001-09-13. pp. S 07.
- ^ Fabian, T, 2000 The Evolution of the Berlin Urban Railway Network 'Japan Railway & Transport Review' Vol25
- ^ Oberreichsbahnrat Ammer (1939). Entwurf und Bau des südlichen Streckenteiles der Nordsüd-S-Bahn [Design and construction of the southern part of the north-south S-Bahn]. Technisch-Wirtschaftliche Bücherei, Sonderdrucke aus der "Verkehrstechnischen Woche" (in German). Berlin: Otto Elsner Verlagsgesellschaft. OCLC 72703151.
- ^ Braun, Michael (2008). Berliner S-Bahn-Museum (ed.). Nordsüd-S-Bahn Berlin. 75 Jahre Eisenbahn im Untergrund [North-south S-Bahn Berlin. 75 years of railway in the underground] (in German). Berlin: GVE. ISBN 9783892181125. OCLC 229451827.
References[edit]
- Leo Favier; Aisha Ronniger Andrea Schulz; Alexander Schug, eds. (2009). Ring frei! Erkundungstour Ringbahn Berlin (Clear the ring! Exploring the Berlin Ring line) (in German). Berlin: Vergangenheitsverlag. ISBN 978-3-940621-04-7.
- Berliner S-Bahn Museum (2002). Strecke ohne Ende—Die Berliner Ringbahn (Line without end—The Berlin ring line) (in German). Berlin: Verlag GVE. ISBN 3-89218-074-1.
- Bienert, Michael; Hoppe, Ralph (2002). Eine Stunde Stadt (One hour city) (in German). Berlin: Berlin Edition. ISBN 3-8148-0096-6.
- Bley, Peter (1974). "50 Jahre Berliner S-Bahn (50 years of the Berlin S-Bahn)". Berliner Verkehrsblätter (in German) (21).
- Bley, Peter (1997). Die Berliner S-Bahn: Gesellschaftsgeschichte eines industriellen Verkehrsmittels (The Berlin S-Bahn: social history of a transport industry ) (in German). Düsseldorf: Alba.
- Bley, Peter (1980). Berliner S-Bahn: vom Dampfzug zur elektrischen Stadtschnellbahn (Berlin S-Bahn: from steam to electric rapid transport) (in German). Düsseldorf: Alba.
- Suadicani, Waldemar (1915). "Berliner Ringbahn" (in German). Berlin, Wien: Röll: Enzyklopädie des Eisenbahnwesens.
External links[edit]
- Pictures of the Ringbahn (in German)