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{{Short description|Indian academic and politician (1859–1932)}} |
{{Short description|Indian academic and politician (1859–1932)}} |
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{{Distinguish|text =the Indian historian [[Bipan Chandra]]}} |
{{Distinguish|text =the Indian historian [[Bipan Chandra]]}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date= |
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February |
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} |
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| name = Bipin Chandra Pal |
| name = Bipin Chandra Pal |
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| image = |
| image = Bipin Chandra Pal.jpg |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1858|11|07|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{birth date|1858|11|07|df=y}} |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1932|05|20|1858|11|07|df=y}} |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1932|05|20|1858|11|07|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = Poil, [[Habiganj Sadar|Habiganj]], [[Sylhet region|Sylhet District]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] |
| birth_place = [[Poil]], [[Habiganj Sadar|Habiganj]], [[Sylhet region|Sylhet District]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] <br/> (present-day in [[Bangladesh]]) |
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| death_place = Calcutta ( |
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] <br/> (present-day [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]) |
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| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]] |
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]] |
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| movement = [[Indian Independence movement]] |
| movement = [[Indian Independence movement]] |
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'''Bipin Chandra Pal''' ({{lang-bn|বিপিন চন্দ্র পাল}} {{audio|Bipin chandra pal.ogg|pronunciation}}; 7 November 1858 – 20 May 1932) was an [[Indian nationalist]], writer, orator, social reformer and [[Indian independence movement| |
'''Bipin Chandra Pal''' ({{lang-bn|বিপিন চন্দ্র পাল}} {{audio|Bipin chandra pal.ogg|pronunciation}}; 7 November 1858 – 20 May 1932) was an [[Indian nationalist]], writer, orator, social reformer and [[Indian independence movement|freedom fighter]]. He was one third of the "[[Lal Bal Pal]]" triumvirate.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ashalatha |first1=A. |first2=Pradeep |last2=Koropath |first3=Saritha |last3=Nambarathil | title = Social Science: Standard VIII Part 1 | chapter = Chapter 6 – Indian National Movement | publisher = State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) | year = 2009 | pages = 72 | chapter-url = https://www.itschool.gov.in/pdf/Std_VIII/Social%20Science/SS_VIII_Engpart1.pdf | access-date = 13 October 2011}}</ref> He was one of the main architects of the [[Swadeshi movement]]. He is known as the Father of Revolutionary Thoughts in India. He also opposed the [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|partition of Bengal]] by the British colonial government. |
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==Early life and background of Pal== |
==Early life and background of Pal== |
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Bipin Chandra Pal was born on 7 November 1858 to a wealthy [[Bengali Kayastha]] family in the village of [[Habiganj Sadar Upazila#Administration|Pail]] in [[Habiganj District|Habiganj]], then part of the [[Bengal Presidency]]'s [[Sylhet region|Sylhet District]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia Of Indian War Of Independence (1857–1947)|quote=Bipin Chandra Pal (1858–1932) a patriot, nationalist politician, renowned orator, journalist, and writer. Bipin Chandra Pal was born on 7 November 1858 in Sylhet in a wealthy Hindu Kayastha family|author=M.K. Singh|year=2009|page=130|publisher= Anmol Publications}}</ref> His father was Ramchandra Pal, a [[Farsi|Persian]] scholar, and small landowner. He studied and taught at the Church Mission Society College (now the [[St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College]]), an affiliated college of the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name=Alumni>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stpaulscmcollege.org/alumni-association.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925080918/http://www.stpaulscmcollege.org/alumni-association.html|url-status=dead|title=List of distinguished alumni|archive-date=25 September 2012|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref> He also studied comparative theology for a year (1899-1900) at New Manchester College, Oxford in England but did not finish the course.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Making Britain |url=https://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/bepin-chandra-pal |
Bipin Chandra Pal was born on 7 November 1858 to a wealthy [[Bengali Kayastha]] family in the village of [[Habiganj Sadar Upazila#Administration|Pail]] in [[Habiganj District|Habiganj]], then part of the [[Bengal Presidency]]'s [[Sylhet region|Sylhet District]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia Of Indian War Of Independence (1857–1947)|quote=Bipin Chandra Pal (1858–1932) a patriot, nationalist politician, renowned orator, journalist, and writer. Bipin Chandra Pal was born on 7 November 1858 in Sylhet in a wealthy Hindu Kayastha family|author=M.K. Singh|year=2009|page=130|publisher= Anmol Publications}}</ref> His father was Ramchandra Pal, a [[Farsi|Persian]] scholar, and small landowner. He studied and taught at the Church Mission Society College (now the [[St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College]]), an affiliated college of the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name=Alumni>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stpaulscmcollege.org/alumni-association.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925080918/http://www.stpaulscmcollege.org/alumni-association.html|url-status=dead|title=List of distinguished alumni|archive-date=25 September 2012|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref> He also studied comparative theology for a year (1899-1900) at New Manchester College, Oxford in England but did not finish the course.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Making Britain |url=https://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/bepin-chandra-pal |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=The Open University}}</ref> His son was [[Niranjan Pal]], one of the founders of [[Bombay Talkies]]. One son-in-law was the [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] officer, [[S. K. Dey]], who later became a union minister. His other son-in-law was a freedom fighter [[Ullaskar Dutta]] who married Lila Dutta his childhood love. |
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Family of Bipin Chandra Pal- |
Family of Bipin Chandra Pal- |
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Brother- Kunja Govinda Pal |
Brother- Kunja Govinda Pal |
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Nephew- Suresh Chandra Pal - Son - Niranjan Pal (founder of Bombay Takies) Grandson- Colin Pal (writer of Shooting Star) film director Great Grandson - Deep Pal (Steadicam camerawork). As revolutionary as he was in politics, Pal was the same in his private life. After his first wife died he married a widow and joined the [[Brahmo Samaj]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite |
Nephew- Suresh Chandra Pal - Son - Niranjan Pal (founder of Bombay Takies) Grandson- Colin Pal (writer of Shooting Star) film director Great Grandson - Deep Pal (Steadicam camerawork). As revolutionary as he was in politics, Pal was the same in his private life. After his first wife died he married a widow and joined the [[Brahmo Samaj]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://theprint.in/features/bipin-chandra-pal-as-much-a-revolutionary-in-politics-as-in-his-private-life/146215/|title=Bipin Chandra Pal: As much a revolutionary in politics, as in his private life |work=ThePrint |date=12 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112004218/https://theprint.in/features/bipin-chandra-pal-as-much-a-revolutionary-in-politics-as-in-his-private-life/146215/|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-date=12 January 2020}}</ref> |
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==Work== |
==Work== |
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[[File:Bipin_Chandra_Pal_1958_stamp_of_India.jpg|right|frameless|242x242px]] |
[[File:Bipin_Chandra_Pal_1958_stamp_of_India.jpg|right|frameless|242x242px]] |
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Pal is known as the ''Father of Revolutionary Thoughts'' in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69M3Bqe-WRc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/69M3Bqe-WRc |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=Bipin Chandra Pal|date=19 May 2014|work= |
Pal is known as the ''Father of Revolutionary Thoughts'' in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69M3Bqe-WRc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/69M3Bqe-WRc |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=Bipin Chandra Pal|date=19 May 2014|work=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Pal became a major leader of the Indian National Congress. At the Madras session of Indian National Congress held in 1887, Bipin Chandra Pal made a strong plea for repeal of the Arms Act which was discriminatory in nature. Along with [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] and [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] he belonged to the [[Lal Bal Pal|Lal-Bal-Pal]] trio that was associated with revolutionary activity. [[Sri Aurobindo|Sri Aurobindo Ghosh]] and Pal were recognised as the chief exponents of a new national movement revolving around the ideals of [[Purna Swaraj]], [[Swadeshi]], boycott and national education. His programme consisted of Swadeshi, boycott and national education. He preached and encouraged the use of Swadeshi and the boycott of foreign goods to eradicate poverty and unemployment. He wanted to remove social evils from the form and arouse the feelings of nationalism through national criticism. He had no faith in mild protests in the form of non-cooperation with the British colonial government. On that one issue, the assertive nationalist leader had nothing in common with [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. During the last six years of his life, he parted company with the Congress and led a secluded life. Sri Aurobindo referred to him as one of ''mightiest prophets of nationalism''. Bipin Chandra Pal made efforts to remove social and economic ills. He opposed the caste system and advocated widow remarriage. He advocated a 48-hour working week and demanded a hike in the wages of workers. He expressed his disdain for Gandhi's ways, which he criticised for being rooted in "magic" instead of "logic".<ref name="auto"/> |
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As a journalist, Pal worked for ''Bengal Public Opinion'', [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|''The Tribune'']] and ''New India'', where he propagated his brand of nationalism.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://studentsmorningstar.com/Books.aspx|title=Total History & Civics|last=Sequeira|first=Dolly|publisher=Morning Star (A unit of MSB Publishers Pvt. Ltd)|year=2018|location=India|pages=53}}</ref> He wrote several articles warning India of the changes happening in China and other geopolitical situations. In one of his writings, describing where the future danger for India would come from, Pal wrote under the title "Our Real Danger".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Uneasy neighbours : India and China after 50 years of the war|last=Madhav|first=Ram|publisher=New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications|year=2014|isbn=978-81-241-1788-0|pages=10, 11, 12}}</ref> |
As a journalist, Pal worked for ''Bengal Public Opinion'', [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|''The Tribune'']] and ''New India'', where he propagated his brand of nationalism.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://studentsmorningstar.com/Books.aspx|title=Total History & Civics|last=Sequeira|first=Dolly|publisher=Morning Star (A unit of MSB Publishers Pvt. Ltd)|year=2018|location=India|pages=53|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403082409/http://studentsmorningstar.com/Books.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> He wrote several articles warning India of the changes happening in China and other geopolitical situations. In one of his writings, describing where the future danger for India would come from, Pal wrote under the title "Our Real Danger".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Uneasy neighbours : India and China after 50 years of the war|last=Madhav|first=Ram|publisher=New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications|year=2014|isbn=978-81-241-1788-0|pages=10, 11, 12}}</ref> |
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<gallery widths="200" heights="200"> |
<gallery widths="200" heights="200"> |
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Lal Bal Pal.jpg|[[Lala Lajpat Rai]] of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] of [[Maharashtra]], and Bipin Chandra Pal (right) of [[Bengal]], the triumvirate were popularly known as [[Lal Bal Pal]], changed the political discourse of the [[Indian independence movement]]. |
Lal Bal Pal.jpg|[[Lala Lajpat Rai]] of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] of [[Maharashtra]], and Bipin Chandra Pal (right) of [[Bengal]], the triumvirate were popularly known as [[Lal Bal Pal]], changed the political discourse of the [[Indian independence movement]]. |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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{{Commons category|Bipin Chandra Pal}} |
{{Commons category|Bipin Chandra Pal}} |
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{{Wikiquote}} |
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* {{Citation |
* {{Citation |
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| surname1 = Owen |
| surname1 = Owen |
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[[Category:India House]] |
[[Category:India House]] |
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[[Category:Brahmos]] |
[[Category:Brahmos]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Writers from British India]] |
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[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]] |
Revision as of 15:13, 29 March 2024
Bipin Chandra Pal | |
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![]() | |
Born | |
Died | 20 May 1932 | (aged 73)
Nationality | British Indian |
Alma mater | University of Calcutta |
Occupation(s) | Politician Writer Indian independence movement activist Orator Social reformer |
Organization | Brahmo Samaj |
Political party | Indian National Congress |
Movement | Indian Independence movement |
Signature | |
![]() |
Bipin Chandra Pal (Bengali: বিপিন চন্দ্র পাল ; 7 November 1858 – 20 May 1932) was an Indian nationalist, writer, orator, social reformer and freedom fighter. He was one third of the "Lal Bal Pal" triumvirate.[1] He was one of the main architects of the Swadeshi movement. He is known as the Father of Revolutionary Thoughts in India. He also opposed the partition of Bengal by the British colonial government.
Early life and background of Pal
Bipin Chandra Pal was born on 7 November 1858 to a wealthy Bengali Kayastha family in the village of Pail in Habiganj, then part of the Bengal Presidency's Sylhet District.[2] His father was Ramchandra Pal, a Persian scholar, and small landowner. He studied and taught at the Church Mission Society College (now the St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College), an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta.[3] He also studied comparative theology for a year (1899-1900) at New Manchester College, Oxford in England but did not finish the course.[4] His son was Niranjan Pal, one of the founders of Bombay Talkies. One son-in-law was the ICS officer, S. K. Dey, who later became a union minister. His other son-in-law was a freedom fighter Ullaskar Dutta who married Lila Dutta his childhood love.
Family of Bipin Chandra Pal- Brother- Kunja Govinda Pal Nephew- Suresh Chandra Pal - Son - Niranjan Pal (founder of Bombay Takies) Grandson- Colin Pal (writer of Shooting Star) film director Great Grandson - Deep Pal (Steadicam camerawork). As revolutionary as he was in politics, Pal was the same in his private life. After his first wife died he married a widow and joined the Brahmo Samaj.[5]
Work
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bipin_Chandra_Pal_1958_stamp_of_India.jpg/220px-Bipin_Chandra_Pal_1958_stamp_of_India.jpg)
Pal is known as the Father of Revolutionary Thoughts in India.[6] Pal became a major leader of the Indian National Congress. At the Madras session of Indian National Congress held in 1887, Bipin Chandra Pal made a strong plea for repeal of the Arms Act which was discriminatory in nature. Along with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak he belonged to the Lal-Bal-Pal trio that was associated with revolutionary activity. Sri Aurobindo Ghosh and Pal were recognised as the chief exponents of a new national movement revolving around the ideals of Purna Swaraj, Swadeshi, boycott and national education. His programme consisted of Swadeshi, boycott and national education. He preached and encouraged the use of Swadeshi and the boycott of foreign goods to eradicate poverty and unemployment. He wanted to remove social evils from the form and arouse the feelings of nationalism through national criticism. He had no faith in mild protests in the form of non-cooperation with the British colonial government. On that one issue, the assertive nationalist leader had nothing in common with Mahatma Gandhi. During the last six years of his life, he parted company with the Congress and led a secluded life. Sri Aurobindo referred to him as one of mightiest prophets of nationalism. Bipin Chandra Pal made efforts to remove social and economic ills. He opposed the caste system and advocated widow remarriage. He advocated a 48-hour working week and demanded a hike in the wages of workers. He expressed his disdain for Gandhi's ways, which he criticised for being rooted in "magic" instead of "logic".[5]
As a journalist, Pal worked for Bengal Public Opinion, The Tribune and New India, where he propagated his brand of nationalism.[7] He wrote several articles warning India of the changes happening in China and other geopolitical situations. In one of his writings, describing where the future danger for India would come from, Pal wrote under the title "Our Real Danger".[8]
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Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab, Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra, and Bipin Chandra Pal (right) of Bengal, the triumvirate were popularly known as Lal Bal Pal, changed the political discourse of the Indian independence movement.
References
- ^ Ashalatha, A.; Koropath, Pradeep; Nambarathil, Saritha (2009). "Chapter 6 – Indian National Movement" (PDF). Social Science: Standard VIII Part 1. State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT). p. 72. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ M.K. Singh (2009). Encyclopedia Of Indian War Of Independence (1857–1947). Anmol Publications. p. 130.
Bipin Chandra Pal (1858–1932) a patriot, nationalist politician, renowned orator, journalist, and writer. Bipin Chandra Pal was born on 7 November 1858 in Sylhet in a wealthy Hindu Kayastha family
- ^ "List of distinguished alumni". Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ^ "Making Britain". The Open University. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Bipin Chandra Pal: As much a revolutionary in politics, as in his private life". ThePrint. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- ^ "Bipin Chandra Pal". YouTube. 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021.
- ^ Sequeira, Dolly (2018). Total History & Civics. India: Morning Star (A unit of MSB Publishers Pvt. Ltd). p. 53. Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
- ^ Madhav, Ram (2014). Uneasy neighbours : India and China after 50 years of the war. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 10, 11, 12. ISBN 978-81-241-1788-0.
Further reading
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png)
- Owen, N (2007), The British Left and India, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-923301-4
- Lenman, Bruce; Marsden, Hilary, eds. (2005). Chambers Dictionary of World History. London: Chambers Harrap. ISBN 978-0-550-10094-8 – via Credo Reference.
- Pal, Bipin Chandra (1916), Nationality and Empire, Thacker, Spink & Co / Low Price Publications, ISBN 81-7536-274-X