Cutaneous receptor: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Type of sensory receptor}}
{{Unreferenced|date=July 2008}}

A '''cutaneous receptor''' is a type of [[sensory receptor]] found in the dermis or epidermis. They are a part of the [[somatosensory system]]. Cutaneous receptors include e.g. [[cutaneous mechanoreceptors]], nociceptors (pain) and [[thermoreceptors]] (temperature).
A '''cutaneous receptor''' is the type of [[sensory receptor]] found in the skin ( the [[dermis]] or [[epidermis]]). They are a part of the [[somatosensory system]]. Cutaneous receptors include [[mechanoreceptor]]s (pressure or distortion), [[nociceptors]] (pain), and [[thermoreceptor]]s (temperature).<ref>Lincoln R. J., Boxshall G. A. (1990): Natural history - The Cambridge illustrated dictionary. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, {{ISBN|0 521 30551-9}}.</ref>


==Types== <!-- Cutaneous nociceptor redirects here-->
==Types== <!-- Cutaneous nociceptor redirects here-->
The sensory receptors in the skin are:
The sensory receptors in the skin are:
*[[Mechanoreceptor]]s
*'''[[cutaneous mechanoreceptors]]'''
**[[Ruffini's end organ]] (sustained pressure)
**[[bulbous corpuscle|Ruffini's end organ]] (skin stretch)
**[[Meissner's corpuscle]] (changes in texture, slow vibrations)
**[[Bulboid corpuscle|End-bulbs of Krause]] (Cold)
**[[Pacinian corpuscle]] (deep pressure, fast vibrations)
**[[tactile corpuscle|Meissner's corpuscle]] (changes in texture, slow vibrations)
**[[lamellar corpuscle|Pacinian corpuscle]] (deep pressure, fast vibrations)
**[[Merkel's disc]] (sustained touch and pressure)
**[[Merkel nerve ending|Merkel's disc]] (sustained touch and pressure)
**[[Free nerve ending]]s
**[[Free nerve ending]]s
*[[thermoreceptor]]
*[[thermoreceptor]]
*[[nociceptor]]
*[[nociceptors]]
*[[bulboid corpuscles]]
*[[chemoreceptors]]
*[[chemoreceptor]]


==Modalities== <!--Cutaneous receptor modalities redirects here-->
==Modalities== <!--Cutaneous receptor modalities redirects here-->
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|-
|-
! Touch
! Touch
| [[Rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors]] ([[Meissner corpuscle end-organ]]s<BR> [[Pacinian corpuscle end-organs]]<BR> [[hair follicle receptors]] <BR> some [[free nerve endings]]) || [[Aβべーた fibers]]
| [[mechanoreceptor|Rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors]] ([[tactile corpuscle|Meissner corpuscle end-organ]]s<br/> [[lamellar corpuscle|Pacinian corpuscle end-organs]]<br/> [[hair plexus|hair follicle receptors]] <br/> some [[free nerve ending]]s) || [[Aβべーた fibers]]
|-
|-
! Touch & pressure
! Touch & pressure
| [[Slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors]] ([[Merkel corpuscle end-organ|Merkel]] and [[Ruffini corpuscle end-organ]]s<BR> some [[free nerve endings]]) || [[Aβべーた fibers]] (Merkel and Ruffini's), [[A delta fiber|Aδでるた fibers]] (free nerve endings)
| [[mechanoreceptor|Slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors]] ([[Merkel nerve ending|Merkel]] and [[bulbous corpuscle|Ruffini corpuscle end-organ]]s<br/> some [[free nerve ending]]s) || [[Aβべーた fibers]] (Merkel and Ruffini's), [[A delta fiber|Aδでるた fibers]] (free nerve endings)
|-
|-
! Vibration
! Vibration
| [[Meissner corpuscle end-organ|Meissner]]s and [[Pacinian corpuscle end-organs]] || [[Aβべーた fibers]]
| [[tactile corpuscle|Meissner]]s and [[lamellar corpuscle|Pacinian corpuscle end-organs]] || [[Aβべーた fibers]]
|-
|-
! Temperature
! Temperature
| [[Thermoreceptor]]s || [[A delta fiber|Aδでるた fibers]] (cold receptors)<BR> [[C fibers]] (warmth receptors)
| [[Thermoreceptor]]s || [[A delta fiber|Aδでるた fibers]] (cold receptors)<br/> [[C fibers]] (warmth receptors)
|-
|-
! Pain & Itch
! Pain & Itch
| [[Free nerve ending]] [[nociceptors]] || [[A delta fiber|Aδでるた fibers]] (Nociceptors of [[neospinothalamic tract]]) <BR> [[C fibers]] (Nociceptors of [[paleospinothalamic tract]])
| [[Free nerve ending]] [[nociceptor]]s || [[A delta fiber|Aδでるた fibers]] (Nociceptors of [[neospinothalamic tract]]) <br/> [[C fibers]] (Nociceptors of [[paleospinothalamic tract]])
|}
|}


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Cutaneous receptors are at the ends of afferent neurons. They are usually encapsulated in elaborate cellular corpuscles. Generally, they are linked to collagen-fibre networks within the capsule. Ion channels are situated near these networks.
Cutaneous receptors are at the ends of afferent neurons. works within the capsule. Ion channels are situated near these networks.

⚫
In [[sensory transduction]], the [[afferent nerve]]s transmit through a series of [[synapse]]s in the [[central nervous system]], first in the [[spinal cord]], the ventrobasal portion of the [[thalamus]], and then on to the [[somatosensory cortex]].<ref>Mada S. S. (2000): Human Biology. McGraw–Hill, New York, {{ISBN|0-07-290584-0}}.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Sense]]
*[[Sensory receptor|Receptor]]
*[[Skin]]
*[[Epithelium]]
*{{section link|Opsin|Opsins in the human eye, brain, and skin}}


==References==
⚫
In [[sensory transduction]], the [[afferent nerve]]s transmit through a series of [[synapse]]s in the [[central nervous system]], first in the [[spinal cord]] or [[trigeminal nucleus]], depending on the [[dermatomic area]] concerned. One pathway then proceeds to the ventrobasal portion of the [[thalamus]], and then on to the [[somatosensory cortex]].
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Sensory receptors]]
[[Category:Sensory receptors]]

Latest revision as of 11:56, 4 April 2024

A cutaneous receptor is the type of sensory receptor found in the skin ( the dermis or epidermis). They are a part of the somatosensory system. Cutaneous receptors include mechanoreceptors (pressure or distortion), nociceptors (pain), and thermoreceptors (temperature).[1]

Types[edit]

The sensory receptors in the skin are:

Modalities[edit]

With the above-mentioned receptor types the skin can sense the modalities touch, pressure, vibration, temperature and pain. The modalities and their receptors are partly overlapping, and are innervated by different kinds of fiber types.

Cutaneous receptors
Modality Type Fiber type
Touch Rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Meissner corpuscle end-organs
Pacinian corpuscle end-organs
hair follicle receptors
some free nerve endings)		 Aβべーた fibers
Touch & pressure Slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Merkel and Ruffini corpuscle end-organs
some free nerve endings)		 Aβべーた fibers (Merkel and Ruffini's), Aδでるた fibers (free nerve endings)
Vibration Meissners and Pacinian corpuscle end-organs Aβべーた fibers
Temperature Thermoreceptors Aδでるた fibers (cold receptors)
C fibers (warmth receptors)
Pain & Itch Free nerve ending nociceptors Aδでるた fibers (Nociceptors of neospinothalamic tract)
C fibers (Nociceptors of paleospinothalamic tract)

Morphology[edit]

Cutaneous receptors are at the ends of afferent neurons. works within the capsule. Ion channels are situated near these networks.

In sensory transduction, the afferent nerves transmit through a series of synapses in the central nervous system, first in the spinal cord, the ventrobasal portion of the thalamus, and then on to the somatosensory cortex.[2]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Lincoln R. J., Boxshall G. A. (1990): Natural history - The Cambridge illustrated dictionary. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 0 521 30551-9.
  2. ^ Mada S. S. (2000): Human Biology. McGraw–Hill, New York, ISBN 0-07-290584-0.
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