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{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}} |
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'''Promession''' is an idea of how to dispose [[Disposal of human corpses|human remains]] by way of [[freeze drying]]. The concept of promession was developed by [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[biologist]] Susanne Wiigh-Mäsak, who derived the name from the [[Italian language|Italian]] word for "promise" (''promessa'').<ref name=holst>{{cite news|last=Holst|first=Karen|title=Swedish green-burial firm to turn frozen corpses in compost|url=http://www.thelocal.se/33178/20110413/|access-date=26 September 2012|date=13 April 2011}}</ref> She founded Promessa Organic AB in 1997 to commercially pursue her idea.<ref name=undertaker>{{cite news|last=McNally|first=Patrick|title=Promession: A Return to the Living Soil|url=http://www.dailyundertaker.com/2008/09/promession-return-to-living-soil.html|access-date=26 September 2012|newspaper=Daily Undertaker|date=30 September 2008}}</ref> The company |
'''Promession''' is an idea of how to dispose [[Disposal of human corpses|human remains]] by way of [[freeze drying]]. The concept of promession was developed by [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[biologist]] Susanne Wiigh-Mäsak, who derived the name from the [[Italian language|Italian]] word for "promise" (''promessa'').<ref name=holst>{{cite news|last=Holst|first=Karen|title=Swedish green-burial firm to turn frozen corpses in compost|url=http://www.thelocal.se/33178/20110413/|access-date=26 September 2012|date=13 April 2011}}</ref> She founded Promessa Organic AB in 1997 to commercially pursue her idea.<ref name=undertaker>{{cite news|last=McNally|first=Patrick|title=Promession: A Return to the Living Soil|url=http://www.dailyundertaker.com/2008/09/promession-return-to-living-soil.html|access-date=26 September 2012|newspaper=Daily Undertaker|date=30 September 2008}}</ref> The company went bankrupt in 2015 without being able to produce a functioning facility.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bohuslaningen.se/nyheter/orust/promessa-slutligen-i-konkurs-1.925619|title=Promessa slutligen i konkurs|work=Bohusläningen|access-date=12 September 2018|language=sv}}</ref> The idea of promession is questioned and not a functional method according to critics.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=1637&artikel=3818201|title=Ekologisk begravning - Studio Ett|last=Kron|first=Andreas|website=sverigesradio.se|language=sv|access-date=12 September 2018}}</ref> |
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==Process== |
==Process== |
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# Vibration: the body is disintegrated into particles within minutes |
# Vibration: the body is disintegrated into particles within minutes |
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# Freeze drying: particles are freeze dried in a drying chamber, leaving approximately 30% of the original weight |
# Freeze drying: particles are freeze dried in a drying chamber, leaving approximately 30% of the original weight |
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# Metal separation: any metals (e.g., tooth [[Amalgam (dentistry)|amalgam]], [[Hip replacement|artificial hip]]s, etc.) are removed, either by magnetism or by sieving. The dry powder is placed in a [[Biodegradation|biodegradable]] |
# Metal separation: any metals (e.g., tooth [[Amalgam (dentistry)|amalgam]], [[Hip replacement|artificial hip]]s, etc.) are removed, either by magnetism or by [[Sieve|sieving]]. The dry powder is placed in a [[Biodegradation|biodegradable]] casket which is interred in the top [[Soil horizon|layers of soil]], where aerobic bacteria decompose the remains into [[humus]] in as little as 6–12 months. |
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== Criticism == |
== Criticism == |
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Promession as a functional method is questioned. No facility for promession has been built or put into service. Critics argue that there is a physical<ref>{{Cite book|title=Hej då! : begravningsboken| |
Promession as a functional method is questioned. No facility for promession has been built or put into service. Critics argue that there is a physical<ref>{{Cite book|title=Hej då! : begravningsboken|author=Möller, Lotte|date=2011|publisher=Arena|isbn=9789178433612|location=Malmö|oclc=760982426}}</ref> impossibility to atomize a freeze dried human body in this way.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.ostran.se/nyheter/kalmar/promession_fungerar_inte |title=- Promession fungerar inte / Kalmar / NYHETER / ÖSTRAN / Östra Smålan… |date=25 May 2012 |work= |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525113929/http://www.ostran.se/nyheter/kalmar/promession_fungerar_inte |archive-date=25 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==Current status== |
==Current status== |
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Promessa Organic AB was liquidated in 2015 without being able to produce a functioning module or facility.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* http://www.promessa.se Promessa |
* [http://www.promessa.se Promessa website] |
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{{Death}} |
{{Death}} |
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[[Category:1997 introductions]] |
[[Category:1997 introductions]] |
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[[Category:Italian words and phrases]] |
[[Category:Italian words and phrases]] |
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{{Death-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 13:08, 11 April 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2018) |
Promession is an idea of how to dispose human remains by way of freeze drying. The concept of promession was developed by Swedish biologist Susanne Wiigh-Mäsak, who derived the name from the Italian word for "promise" (promessa).[1] She founded Promessa Organic AB in 1997 to commercially pursue her idea.[2] The company went bankrupt in 2015 without being able to produce a functioning facility.[3] The idea of promession is questioned and not a functional method according to critics.[4]
Process[edit]
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The idea of promession involves five steps:
- Coffin separation: the body is placed into the chamber
- Cryogenic freezing: liquid nitrogen at −196 °C crystallizes the body
- Vibration: the body is disintegrated into particles within minutes
- Freeze drying: particles are freeze dried in a drying chamber, leaving approximately 30% of the original weight
- Metal separation: any metals (e.g., tooth amalgam, artificial hips, etc.) are removed, either by magnetism or by sieving. The dry powder is placed in a biodegradable casket which is interred in the top layers of soil, where aerobic bacteria decompose the remains into humus in as little as 6–12 months.
Criticism[edit]
Promession as a functional method is questioned. No facility for promession has been built or put into service. Critics argue that there is a physical[5] impossibility to atomize a freeze dried human body in this way.[4][6]
Current status[edit]
Promessa Organic AB was liquidated in 2015 without being able to produce a functioning module or facility.[3]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Holst, Karen (13 April 2011). "Swedish green-burial firm to turn frozen corpses in compost". Retrieved 26 September 2012.
- ^ McNally, Patrick (30 September 2008). "Promession: A Return to the Living Soil". Daily Undertaker. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
- ^ a b "Promessa slutligen i konkurs". Bohusläningen (in Swedish). Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ a b Kron, Andreas. "Ekologisk begravning - Studio Ett". sverigesradio.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ Möller, Lotte (2011). Hej då! : begravningsboken. Malmö: Arena. ISBN 9789178433612. OCLC 760982426.
- ^ "- Promession fungerar inte / Kalmar / NYHETER / ÖSTRAN / Östra Smålan…". 25 May 2012. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
