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Besao: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 17°05′43″N 120°51′22″E / 17.0953°N 120.8561°E / 17.0953; 120.8561
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{{Short description|Municipality in Mountain Province, Philippines}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = {{PH wikidata|name}}
| name = {{PH wikidata|name}}
| image_skyline = Endless Road in Besao.jpg
| image_skyline = Payew Rice Terraces of Besao.jpg
| image_caption = Cordillera Central mountains in Besao
| image_caption =
| image_size = 200px
| image_size =
| image_flag = Flag_of_Besao,_Mountain_Province.png
| image_flag = Flag_of_Besao,_Mountain_Province.png
| flag_size = 120x80px
| flag_size = 120x80px
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| p1 = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }} (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| p1 = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }} (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| leader_title = {{PH wikidata|leader_title}} <!--mayor-->
| leader_title = {{PH wikidata|leader_title}} <!--mayor-->
| leader_name = Johnson D. Bantog II
| leader_name = Bryne O. Bacwaden
| leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = June T. Lopsoten
| leader_name1 = Elizabeth A. Buyagan
| leader_title2 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#Current composition|Representative]] <!--congressman or congresswoman -->
| leader_title2 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#Current composition|Representative]] <!--congressman or congresswoman -->
| leader_name2 = Maximo Y. Dalog Jr.
| leader_name2 = Maximo Y. Dalog Jr.
| leader_title3 = [[Councilor]]
| leader_title3 = [[Sangguniang Bayan|Municipal Council]]
| leader_name3 =
| leader_name3 = {{PH Town Council
| 2=Johnny D. Ambucay
⚫
| leader_title4 = [[Elections in the Philippines#Qualification|Electorate]]
| 3=Arleigh L. Pekas
| 4=Raphael V. Clemente
| 5=Joel D. Lacsigen
| 6=Marcos I. Mangallay
| 7=Benny S. Ballang
| 8=Henry D. Bosigen
| 9=Alfredo S. Beyden
}}
⚫
| leader_title4 = [[Elections in the Philippines#Qualification|Electorate]]
| leader_name4 = {{PH wikidata|electorate}} voters ([[Philippine general election, {{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}|{{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}]])
| leader_name4 = {{PH wikidata|electorate}} voters ([[Philippine general election, {{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}|{{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}]])
| government_type = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
| government_type = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
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| demographics1_info2 = {{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence}}% ({{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_point_in_time}}){{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_footnotes}}
| demographics1_info2 = {{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence}}% ({{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_point_in_time}}){{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_footnotes}}
| demographics1_title3 = [[Revenue]]
| demographics1_title3 = [[Revenue]]
| demographics1_info3 = {{PH wikidata|revenue}} {{PH wikidata|revenue_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_info3 = {{PH wikidata|revenue}} {{PH wikidata|revenue_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title4 = Revenue rank
| demographics1_title4 = Revenue rank
| demographics1_info4 =
| demographics1_info4 =
| demographics1_title5 = [[Asset]]s
| demographics1_title5 = [[Asset]]s
| demographics1_info5 = {{PH wikidata|assets}} {{PH wikidata|assets_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_info5 = {{PH wikidata|assets}} {{PH wikidata|assets_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title6 = Assets rank
| demographics1_title6 = Assets rank
| demographics1_info6 =
| demographics1_info6 =
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| demographics1_info8 =
| demographics1_info8 =
| demographics1_title9 = [[Expenditure]]
| demographics1_title9 = [[Expenditure]]
| demographics1_info9 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_info9 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title10 = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]]
| demographics1_title10 = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]]
| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics_type2 = Service provider
| demographics_type2 = Service provider
| demographics2_title1 = Electricity
| demographics2_title1 = Electricity
| demographics2_info1 = {{PH electricity distribution | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}
| demographics2_info1 = {{PH electricity distribution | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}
| demographics2_title2 = Water
| demographics2_title2 = Water
| demographics2_info2 =
| demographics2_info2 =
| demographics2_title3 = Telecommunications
| demographics2_title3 = Telecommunications
| demographics2_info3 =
| demographics2_info3 =
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| blank3_name_sec2 = Catholic diocese
| blank3_name_sec2 = Catholic diocese
| blank3_info_sec2 =
| blank3_info_sec2 =
| blank4_name_sec2 = Patron saint
| blank4_name_sec2 = Patron saint
| blank4_info_sec2 =
| blank4_info_sec2 =
| blank5_name_sec2 =
| blank5_name_sec2 =
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}}
}}


'''{{PH wikidata|name}}''', officially the '''{{PH wikidata|official_name}}''' is a {{PH wikidata|income_class_ordinal}} [[{{PH wikidata|settlement_text}} of the Philippines|{{PH wikidata|settlement_text}}]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of {{PH wikidata|province}}, {{PH wikidata|country}}. According to the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}, it has a population of {{PH wikidata|population_total}} people.{{PH census|current}}
'''Besao''', officially the '''Municipality of Besao''' is a 5th class [[municipality of the Philippines|municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Mountain Province]], [[Philippines]]. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 6,873 people.{{PH census|current}}.


Besao is {{convert|27|km}} from [[Bontoc, Mountain Province|Bontoc]] and {{convert|403|km}} from [[Manila]].
The municipality of Besao is believed to have derived its name from the Ilocano word ”''Buso''”, meaning [[Headhunting|headhunter]]. The people then of the neighboring towns specifically those from the Ilocos Region believed that the early ”Besaos” were headhunters. The word later on evolved as it is now called – Besao.


The town is known for the Agawa people's ''Agricultural Stone Calendar of Gueday''. The stone calendar is one of the most enigmatic artifact in the Cordillera mountains. It is a testimony to the accurate scientific outlook of the ancient Agawa people in the cycle of weathers, agriculture, and heavenly bodies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://macrocosm-magbook.blogspot.com/2009/06/secrets-of-calendar-stone-of-besao.html|title = Secrets of the Calendar Stone of Besao in the Philippines Revealed|date = 4 June 2009}}</ref>
The town is known for the Agawa people's ''Agricultural Stone Calendar of Gueday''. The stone calendar is one of the most enigmatic artifact in the Cordillera mountains. It is a testimony to the accurate scientific outlook of the ancient Agawa people in the cycle of weathers, agriculture, and heavenly bodies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://macrocosm-magbook.blogspot.com/2009/06/secrets-of-calendar-stone-of-besao.html|title = Secrets of the Calendar Stone of Besao in the Philippines Revealed|date = 4 June 2009}}</ref>


==Barangays==
==Geography==
[[File:Endless Road in Besao.jpg|upright|thumb|Cordillera Central mountains in Besao]]

===Barangays===
Besao is politically subdivided into 14 [[barangay]]s.
Besao is politically subdivided into 14 [[barangay]]s. Each barangay consists of [[purok]]s and some have [[sitios]].


{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* Agawa
* Agawa
* Ambaguio
* Ambagiw
* Banguitan
* Banguitan
* Besao East
* Besao East
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* Catengan
* Catengan
* Gueday
* Gueday
⚫
* Kin-iway ([[Poblacion]])
* Lacmaan
* Lacmaan
* Laylaya
* Laylaya
* Padangan
* Padangaan
* Payeo
* Payeo
* Suquib
* Suquib
* Tamboan
* Tamboan
{{div col end}}
⚫
* Kin-iway ([[Poblacion]])


==Climate==
===Climate===
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| location = Besao, Mountain Province
| location = Besao, Mountain Province
Line 233: Line 246:
| Nov rain days = 14.5
| Nov rain days = 14.5
| Dec rain days = 12.8
| Dec rain days = 12.8
| source 1 = Meteoblue <ref name="met_norms">
| source 1 = Meteoblue <small>(modeled/calculated data, not measured locally)</small><ref name="met_norms">
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/besao_philippines_1725538
| url = https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/besao_philippines_1725538
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| publisher = Meteoblue
| publisher = Meteoblue
| accessdate = 8 March 2020 }}</ref>
| accessdate = 8 March 2020 }}</ref>
| date = 8 March 2020
| date = 8 March 2020
}}
}}
{{clear-left}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census
{{Philippine Census
| align= left
| align= none
| cols = 3
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| 1903 =
| 1903 =
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===Religion===
===Religion===
Besao's main religion is [[animism]].{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} The town is one of the few animist towns in the southern [[Cordillera Central (Luzon)|Cordillera mountains]]. Much of its ancestral worship intangible heritage has been preserved by the older generations. However, the younger generations have been migrating to cities, making the animist religions of Besao in great danger in the long-term. Christian groups have been surfacing in the town since the younger generations have been moving into cities.
Besao's main religion is [[animism]].{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} The town is one of the few animist towns in the southern [[Cordillera Central (Luzon)|Cordillera mountains]]. Much of its ancestral worship intangible heritage has been preserved by the older generations. However, the younger generations have been migrating to cities, making the animist religions of Besao in great danger in the long-term. Christian groups have been surfacing in the town since the younger generations have been moving into cities.

{{clear-left}}


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
{{PH poverty incidence}}
{{PH poverty incidence}}

==Government==
===Local government===
{{main|Sangguniang Bayan}}
Besao, belonging to the [[Legislative districts of Mountain Province|lone congressional district]] of the province of [[Mountain Province]], is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

===Elected officials===
<!--NOTE: Update needed by June 30, 2022 after oath-taking of the declared winners in the May 9, 2022 local elections.-->
Members of the Municipal Council (2019–2022):<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 National and Local Elections |url=https://comelec.gov.ph/php-tpls-attachments/2019NLE/ElectionResults/2019NLE_LIst_of_Elected_CityMun_Candidates.pdf |access-date=March 13, 2022 |website=Commission on Elections}}</ref>
* Congressman: Maximo Y. Dalog Jr.
* Mayor: Johnson D. Bantog II
* Vice-Mayor: June T. Lopsoten
* Councilors:
** Bryne O. Bacwaden
** Joel D. Lacsigen
** Elizabeth A. Buyagan
** John M. Antiyag
** Dennis L. Bing-il
** Edna S. Kidangen
** James B. Badongen Sr.
** William S. Beswilan


==References==
==References==
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|Centre = Besao
|Centre = Besao
|North = [[Tubo, Abra]]
|North = [[Tubo, Abra]]
|East = [[Sagada, Mountain Province|Sagada]]
|East = [[Sagada]]
|Southeast = [[Bauko, Mountain Province|Bauko]]
|Southeast = [[Bauko]]
|South = [[Tadian, Mountain Province|Tadian]]
|South = [[Tadian]]
|Southwest = [[Cervantes, Ilocos Sur]]
|Southwest = [[Cervantes, Ilocos Sur]]
|West = [[Quirino, Ilocos Sur]]
|West = [[Quirino, Ilocos Sur]]

Latest revision as of 02:14, 12 April 2024

Besao
Municipality
Municipality of Besao
Flag of Besao
Flag
Official seal of Besao
Seal
Map of Mountain Province with Besao highlighted
Map of Mountain Province with Besao highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Besao is located in Philippines
Besao
Besao
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 17°05′43″N 120°51′22″E / 17.0953°N 120.8561°E / 17.0953; 120.8561
CountryPhilippines
RegionCordillera Administrative Region
ProvinceMountain Province
District Lone district
Founded1904
Barangays14 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Bayan
 • MayorBryne O. Bacwaden
 • Vice MayorElizabeth A. Buyagan
 • RepresentativeMaximo Y. Dalog Jr.
 • Municipal Council
Members
 • Electorate6,152 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total173.62 km2 (67.04 sq mi)
Elevation
1,405 m (4,610 ft)
Highest elevation
2,059 m (6,755 ft)
Lowest elevation
721 m (2,365 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total6,873
 • Density40/km2 (100/sq mi)
 • Households
1,738
Economy
 • Income class5th municipal income class
 • Poverty incidence
6.82
% (2021)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 84.37 million (2020)
 • Assets₱ 228 million (2020)
 • Expenditure₱ 65.53 million (2020)
 • Liabilities₱ 25.75 million (2020)
Service provider
 • ElectricityMountain Province Electric Cooperative (MOPRECO)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
2618
PSGC
144403000
IDD : area code +63 (0)74
Native languagesBalangao
Bontoc
Ilocano
Tagalog
Northern Kankanay
Websitebesao.gov.ph

Besao, officially the Municipality of Besao is a 5th class municipality in the province of Mountain Province, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 6,873 people.[3].

Besao is 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Bontoc and 403 kilometres (250 mi) from Manila.

The town is known for the Agawa people's Agricultural Stone Calendar of Gueday. The stone calendar is one of the most enigmatic artifact in the Cordillera mountains. It is a testimony to the accurate scientific outlook of the ancient Agawa people in the cycle of weathers, agriculture, and heavenly bodies.[5]

Geography[edit]

Cordillera Central mountains in Besao

Barangays[edit]

Besao is politically subdivided into 14 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

  • Agawa
  • Ambaguio
  • Banguitan
  • Besao East
  • Besao West
  • Catengan
  • Gueday
  • Kin-iway (Poblacion)
  • Lacmaan
  • Laylaya
  • Padangan
  • Payeo
  • Suquib
  • Tamboan

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Besao, Mountain Province
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19
(66) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		19
(66) 		21
(70)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12
(54) 		12
(54) 		13
(55) 		15
(59) 		16
(61) 		17
(63) 		17
(63) 		17
(63) 		16
(61) 		15
(59) 		14
(57) 		13
(55) 		15
(59)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 35
(1.4) 		46
(1.8) 		63
(2.5) 		117
(4.6) 		402
(15.8) 		400
(15.7) 		441
(17.4) 		471
(18.5) 		440
(17.3) 		258
(10.2) 		94
(3.7) 		68
(2.7) 		2,835
(111.6)
Average rainy days 9.9 19.5 13.9 18.9 26.0 27.3 28.9 28.5 26.1 19.7 14.5 12.8 246
Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally)[6]

Demographics[edit]

Population census of Besao
YearPop.±% p.a.
1918 4,642—    
1939 5,144+0.49%
1948 5,799+1.34%
1960 8,174+2.90%
1970 9,286+1.28%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1975 7,051−5.37%
1980 9,093+5.22%
1990 8,473−0.70%
1995 9,147+1.44%
2000 9,875+1.66%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2007 7,295−4.09%
2010 7,818+2.55%
2015 7,040−1.98%
2020 6,873−0.47%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[7][8][9][10]

The population of the town has been decreasing due to younger generations migrating to cities seeking for work.

Religion[edit]

Besao's main religion is animism.[citation needed] The town is one of the few animist towns in the southern Cordillera mountains. Much of its ancestral worship intangible heritage has been preserved by the older generations. However, the younger generations have been migrating to cities, making the animist religions of Besao in great danger in the long-term. Christian groups have been surfacing in the town since the younger generations have been moving into cities.

Economy[edit]

Poverty incidence of Besao

5
10
15
20
25
30
2006
19.20
2009
26.89
2012
16.30
2015
23.17
2018
16.63
2021
6.82

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]

Government[edit]

Local government[edit]

Main article: Sangguniang Bayan

Besao, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Mountain Province, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Elected officials[edit]

Members of the Municipal Council (2019–2022):[19]

  • Congressman: Maximo Y. Dalog Jr.
  • Mayor: Johnson D. Bantog II
  • Vice-Mayor: June T. Lopsoten
  • Councilors:
    • Bryne O. Bacwaden
    • Joel D. Lacsigen
    • Elizabeth A. Buyagan
    • John M. Antiyag
    • Dennis L. Bing-il
    • Edna S. Kidangen
    • James B. Badongen Sr.
    • William S. Beswilan

References[edit]

  1. ^  Municipality of Besao | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Census of Population (2020). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  5. ^ "Secrets of the Calendar Stone of Besao in the Philippines Revealed". 4 June 2009.
  6. ^ "Besao: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  7. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  8. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  9. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ "Province of Mountain Province". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  11. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  12. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.
  13. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.
  14. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.
  15. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016.
  16. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019.
  17. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  18. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  19. ^ "2019 National and Local Elections" (PDF). Commission on Elections. Retrieved March 13, 2022.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Besao.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Besao&oldid=1218500165"