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Schiedam: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 51°55′N 4°24′E / 51.917°N 4.400°E / 51.917; 4.400
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<!-- Name and transliteration -->
<!-- Name and transliteration -->
| name = Schiedam
| name = Schiedam
| settlement_type = [[Cities of the Netherlands|City]] and [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]]
| settlement_type = [[Cities of the Netherlands|City]] and [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]]
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline = Stadhuis Schiedam.jpg
| image_skyline = Stadhuis Schiedam.jpg
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[[File:Schiedam, zicht op haven foto2 2008-05-12 11.32.JPG|upright=1.35|thumb|View of Schiedam with The Porters' Guild House]]
[[File:Schiedam, zicht op haven foto2 2008-05-12 11.32.JPG|upright=1.35|thumb|View of Schiedam with The Porters' Guild House]]
[[File:De Kameel.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Windmill ''De Kameel'' in Schiedam]]
[[File:De Kameel.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Windmill ''De Kameel'' in Schiedam]]

'''Schiedam''' ({{IPA-nl|sxiˈdɑm|-|Nl-Schiedam.ogg}}) is a [[city]] and [[municipality]] in the west of the [[Netherlands]]. It is located in the [[Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area]], west of [[Rotterdam]], east of [[Vlaardingen]], and south of [[Delft]]. In the south the city is connected with the village of [[Pernis, Netherlands|Pernis]] by the Beneluxtunnel.
'''Schiedam''' ({{IPA-nl|sxiˈdɑm|-|Nl-Schiedam.ogg}}) is a [[city]] and [[municipality]] in the west of the [[Netherlands]]. It is located in the [[Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area]], west of [[Rotterdam]], east of [[Vlaardingen]], and south of [[Delft]]. In the south the city is connected with the village of [[Pernis, Netherlands|Pernis]] by the Beneluxtunnel.


The city is known for its historical center with [[canal]]s, and for having the tallest [[windmill]]s in the world. Schiedam is also well known for the distilleries and malthouses and production of [[jenever]] ([[gin]]) − such as the internationally renowned [[Ketel One]] − so much so that in [[French language|French]] and [[English language|English]] the word ''schiedam'' (usually without a capital ''s-'') refers to the town's Holland gin. This was the town's main industry during the early [[Industrial Revolution]] in the 18th and 19th century, a period to which it owed its former nickname "Zwart Nazareth" or "Black Nazareth". Furthermore, the city is known for [[Lidwina|Saint Lidwina]], one of the most famous Dutch saints (her relics are located in the Liduina Basilica in Schiedam).
The city is known for its historical center with [[canal]]s, and for having the tallest [[windmill]]s in the world.
Schiedam is also well known for the distilleries and malthouses and production of [[jenever]], such as the internationally renowned [[Ketel One]]; in [[French language|French]] and [[English language|English]], the word ''schiedam'' (usually without a capital ''s-'') refers to the town's jenever. This was the town's main industry during the early [[Industrial Revolution]] in the 18th and 19th century, a period to which it owed its former nickname "''Zwart Nazareth''" ("Black Nazareth").
The city is also known for [[Lidwina|Saint Lidwina]], one of the most famous Dutch saints, whose relics are located in the city’s basilica.


== History ==
== History ==
⚫
Schiedam was founded around the year 1230. The river [[Schie]] was [[dam]]med by the [[House of Wassenaer|Lord of Wassenaer]] and the Amtlord Dirk Bokel of the [[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]] [[Oud- en Nieuw-Mathenesse|Mathenesse]], this to protect the existing [[polder]]land against the seawater from the [[North Sea]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} In 1247, Lady [[Adelaide of Holland|Adelaide (Aleida) of Holland]] married [[John I, Count of Hainaut]]. {{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} As [[dowry]] she received from him the eastern part of the dam together with the adjacent polder. The dam attracted many trade activities because goods for and from the hinterland ([[Delft]], and further away [[Leiden]] and [[Haarlem]]) had to be [[Transshipment|transhipped]]. A small town developed swiftly around the dam and its activities. In the year 1275 Schiedam received [[Town privileges|city rights]] from Lady Adelaide, this in her capacity as sister of [[William II of Holland|William II]], the reigning [[Count of Holland]] and becoming [[King of the Romans]]. She ordered the building of [[Te Riviere Castle]] near the Schie, which is known today as "Castle Mathenesse" ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: "Huis te Riviere" or "Slot Mathenesse"). Remnants of a [[Keep|donjon]], which were once part of the castle, are still visible today in the centre of Schiedam and near the city office.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}


⚫
Schiedam was founded around the year 1230. The river [[Schie]] was [[dam]]med by the [[House of Wassenaer|Lord of Wassenaer]] and the Amtlord Dirk Bokel of the [[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]] [[Oud- en Nieuw-Mathenesse|Mathenesse]], this to protect the existing [[polder]]land against the seawater from the [[North Sea]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} In 1247, Lady [[Adelaide of Holland|Adelaide (Aleida) of Holland]] married [[John I, Count of Hainaut]]. {{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} As [[dowry]] she received from him{{clarify|date=December 2023}} the eastern part of the dam together with the adjacent polder. The dam attracted many trade activities because goods for and from the hinterland ([[Delft]], and further away [[Leiden]] and [[Haarlem]]) had to be [[Transshipment|transhipped]]. A small town developed swiftly around the dam and its activities. In the year 1275 Schiedam received [[Town privileges|city rights]] from Lady Adelaide, this in her capacity as sister of [[William II of Holland|William II]], the reigning [[Count of Holland]] and [[King of the Romans]]. She ordered the building of [[Te Riviere Castle]] near the Schie, which is known today as "Castle Mathenesse" ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: "Huis te Riviere" or "Slot Mathenesse"). Remnants of a [[Keep|donjon]], which were once part of the castle, are still visible today in the centre of Schiedam and near the city office.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}
⚫
As a young settlement Schiedam soon got competition from surrounding towns and cities: in 1340, Rotterdam and Delft also were allowed to establish a connection between the Schie and the [[Meuse (river)|Meuse]]. From the 15th century on the city flourished as a place of pilgrimage on the devotion around [[Lidwina|Saint Lidwina]], one of the most famous Dutch saints who lived her life in Schiedam. The city gained subsequently significance by fishing for [[herring]]. In 1428 a great city fire swept through Schiedam, thereby destroying large parts of the then wooden city.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}


⚫
As a young settlement Schiedam soon got competition from surrounding towns and cities: in 1340, Rotterdam and Delft also were allowed to establish a connection between the Schie and the [[Meuse (river)|Meuse]]. From the 15th century onwards the city flourished as a place of pilgrimage due to the devotion afforded to [[Lidwina|Saint Lidwina]], one of the most famous Dutch saints who lived her life in Schiedam. The city subsequently gained significance by fishing for [[herring]]. In 1428 a great city fire swept through Schiedam, destroying large parts of the then wooden city.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}
⚫
The 18th century was Schiedam's Golden Age, when the gin industry flourished. The standstill drink imports from France made the emergence of the Schiedamse distillery possible. From dozens of distilleries Schiedam jenever was exported throughout the world. The gin industry gave the city its nickname 'Black Nazareth'. This industry is now largely gone. Five windmills in the town, called ''De Noord'', ''Walvisch'', ''Drie Koornbloemen'', ''Nieuwe Palmboom'' and ''Vrijheid'' − are the highest traditional style windmills in the world because they had to stick out above the high warehouses, and many storehouses are relics of this past. In one of the former factories at the Lange Haven the National Jenever Museum is established.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}


⚫
In 1575 the world's first known commercial [[distillery]] started operations in Schiedam.<ref>{{ cite book | last1 = Doxat | first1 = John | year = 1972 | chapter = Bols | title = The World of Drinks and Drinking: An International Distillation | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vY4UAQAAIAAJ | publication-place = New York | publisher = Drake Publishers | page = 35 | isbn = 9780877492542 | access-date = 11 December 2023 | quote = [...] the oldest gin house in the world - presumably the world's oldest commercial distillers - Bols Boord & Son was founded in 1575, at Schiedam [...]. }}</ref> The 18th century was Schiedam's Golden Age, when the gin industry flourished. The standstill in drink imports from France made the boom in Schiedam's distilleries possible.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}} From dozens of distilleries Schiedam jenever was exported throughout the world. The gin industry gave the city its nickname "Black Nazareth". This industry is now largely gone. Five windmills in the town, called ''De Noord'', ''Walvisch'', ''Drie Koornbloemen'', ''Nieuwe Palmboom'' and ''Vrijheid'' − are the highest traditional-style windmills in the world because they had to stick out above the high warehouses, and many storehouses are relics of this past. In one of the former factories at the Lange Haven the National Jenever Museum operates.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}
⚫
On 10 August 1856, the first major train accident in the Netherlands happened near the [[Schiedam Centrum railway station|Schiedam railway station]], causing 3 deaths. On 4 May 1976 the [[Schiedam train disaster]] also took place near the station which caused 24 deaths.<ref name="dvhn">{{cite news | url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=DVHN-20040501-DW01006004&vw=org&lm=treinramp%2Cschiedam | title=Eerste treinramp met doden ook bij Schiedam | work=Dagblad van het Noorden | date=May 1, 2004 | access-date=December 2, 2011|language=nl}}</ref>


⚫
On 10 August 1856, the first major train accident in the Netherlands happened near [[Schiedam Centrum railway station]], causing 3 deaths. On 4 May 1976 the [[1976 Schiedam train accident]] also took place near the station, which caused 24 deaths.<ref name="dvhn">{{cite news | url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=DVHN-20040501-DW01006004&vw=org&lm=treinramp%2Cschiedam | title=Eerste treinramp met doden ook bij Schiedam | work=Dagblad van het Noorden | date=May 1, 2004 | access-date=December 2, 2011|language=nl}}</ref>
⚫
At the end of the 19th and throughout the 20th century, the [[shipbuilding]] industry was booming in Schiedam, with large companies like [[Wilton-Fijenoord]] and others. In 1941, the ancient municipalities [[Kethel en Spaland]] were merged with Schiedam, which made large expansions of the city possible with residential areas in the north. {{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} At the end of the 20th century, the shipbuilding industry largely disappeared and today, Schiedam is mainly a [[commuter town|commuter]] area in the Rotterdam metropolitan area.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

⚫
At the end of the 19th and throughout the 20th century, the [[shipbuilding]] industry boomed in Schiedam, with large companies like [[Wilton-Fijenoord]] and others. In 1941, the ancient municipalities [[Kethel en Spaland]] were merged with Schiedam, which made large expansions of the city possible with residential areas in the north. {{Citation needed|date= March 2022}} At the end of the 20th century, the shipbuilding industry largely disappeared and today, Schiedam is mainly a [[commuter town|commuter]]-area in the Rotterdam metropolitan area.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
The city of Schiedam is located in the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] province of [[South Holland]]. It is enclosed between [[Rotterdam]] (east), [[Midden-Delfland]] (north), [[Vlaardingen]] (west) and the river [[Nieuwe Maas]] (south).
The city of Schiedam is located in the province of [[South Holland]]. It is enclosed between [[Rotterdam]] (east), [[Midden-Delfland]] (north), [[Vlaardingen]] (west) and the river [[Nieuwe Maas]] (south).


⚫
==Demographics==
55,44% Dutch background,
14,42% Western migration background,
30,15% Non western migration background
===Composition===
Schiedam exists of nine districts: Centrum ('Center'), Oost ('East'), Gorzen ('South'), West ('West'), Nieuwland, Groenoord, Kethel, Woudhoek and Spaland/Sveaparken.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schiedam.nl/Def/inwoners/Wonen-en-Wijken/Wijken.html|title=Wijken - Gemeente Schiedam|access-date=16 November 2016}}</ref>
Schiedam exists of nine districts: Centrum ('Center'), Oost ('East'), Gorzen ('South'), West ('West'), Nieuwland, Groenoord, Kethel, Woudhoek and Spaland/Sveaparken.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schiedam.nl/Def/inwoners/Wonen-en-Wijken/Wijken.html|title=Wijken - Gemeente Schiedam|access-date=16 November 2016}}</ref>

⚫
==Demographics==

55,44% Dutch background, 14,42% Western migration background, 30,15% Non western migration background{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}


== Attractions ==
== Attractions ==
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* The Wheat Exchange (De Korenbeurs)
* The Wheat Exchange (De Korenbeurs)
* Church of Saint John (''Grote of Sint-Janskerk'')
* Church of Saint John (''Grote of Sint-Janskerk'')
* The ruins of [[Te Riviere Castle]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scyedam.delinea.nl/kaleida/pagina.php?id=425|title=Scyedam - Kaleida - Ruïne Huis te Riviere|website=scyedam.delinea.nl}}</ref>
* The ruins of [[Te Riviere Castle]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scyedam.nl/kaleida/pagina.php?id=425|title=Scyedam - Kaleida - Ruïne Huis te Riviere|website=scyedam.delinea.nl}}</ref>
* {{ill|Saint Lidwina basilica|nl|Basiliek van de H. Liduina en Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van de Rozenkrans}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keilholtz.nl/basiliek/basiliek/images/schiedam-sing-02.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-07-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006203116/http://www.keilholtz.nl/basiliek/basiliek/images/schiedam-sing-02.jpg |archive-date=2007-10-06 }}</ref>
* {{ill|Saint Lidwina basilica|nl|Basiliek van de H. Liduina en Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van de Rozenkrans}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keilholtz.nl/basiliek/basiliek/images/schiedam-sing-02.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-07-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006203116/http://www.keilholtz.nl/basiliek/basiliek/images/schiedam-sing-02.jpg |archive-date=2007-10-06 }}</ref>
* De Plantage (a park)
* De Plantage (a park)
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*{{ill|Brandersfeesten|nl}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandersfeesten.nl|title=Brandersfeesten - Jaarlijks feest in Schiedam Centrum|website=www.brandersfeesten.nl}}</ref>
*{{ill|Brandersfeesten|nl}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandersfeesten.nl|title=Brandersfeesten - Jaarlijks feest in Schiedam Centrum|website=www.brandersfeesten.nl}}</ref>
*The National Windmill Days<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalemolenengemalendag.nl|title=Nationale molen- en gemalendag - Alles over molens|website=www.nationalemolenengemalendag.nl}}</ref> (Nationale Molen- & Gemalen dag)
*The National Windmill Days<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalemolenengemalendag.nl|title=Nationale molen- en gemalendag - Alles over molens|website=www.nationalemolenengemalendag.nl}}</ref> (Nationale Molen- & Gemalen dag)
⚫
*[[Lip dub]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjSh0Z_NR_A| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727211457/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjSh0Z_NR_A| archive-date=2013-07-27 | url-status=dead|title=Schiedam 2012 - DOUBLE LIPDUB WORLD RECORD!!! - OLD BETA VERSION|last=Yorick de Vries|date=30 September 2012|via=YouTube}}</ref>
*Monthly art exhibition at Artipico Art Gallery<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artipico.com|title=Galerie Artipico Schiedam - DIET WIEGMAN CLEMENS BRIELS - JUDITH WIERSEMA|last=Artipico|website=www.artipico.com}}</ref> (maandelijkse Kunstborrel)
*Monthly art exhibition at Artipico Art Gallery<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artipico.com|title=Galerie Artipico Schiedam - DIET WIEGMAN CLEMENS BRIELS - JUDITH WIERSEMA|last=Artipico|website=www.artipico.com}}</ref> (maandelijkse Kunstborrel)

====Past notable events====
* [[1856 Schiedam train accident]]
* [[1976 Schiedam train accident]]
* 1976 [[Schiedam riots]]
⚫
* 2012 [[lip dub]] World record attempt<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjSh0Z_NR_A| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727211457/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjSh0Z_NR_A| archive-date=2013-07-27 | url-status=dead|title=Schiedam 2012 - DOUBLE LIPDUB WORLD RECORD!!! - OLD BETA VERSION|last=Yorick de Vries|date=30 September 2012|via=YouTube}}</ref>


== Sport ==
== Sport ==
The most popular sports in Schiedam are [[Association football|soccer]] and [[field hockey]]. The town used to have two professional soccer teams, one named SVV (Schiedamse voetbal vereniging), whereas the other one was named Hermes along the Damlaan where also cricket was played. Both disappeared after financial problems. Cricket is most popular in Schiedam --due to Hermes-- than in most other Dutch cities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/bce4de52-cb20-11db-b436-000b5df10621 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/bce4de52-cb20-11db-b436-000b5df10621 |archive-date=2022-12-10 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Hail Holland, world cricket's unlikely lads|newspaper=Financial Times |date=5 March 2007 |access-date=16 November 2016}}</ref>
The most popular sports in Schiedam are [[Association football|soccer]] and [[field hockey]]. The town used to have two professional soccer teams, one named SVV (Schiedamse voetbal vereniging), whereas the other one was named Hermes along the Damlaan where also cricket was played. Both disappeared from the professional level after financial problems. Cricket is also rather popular in Schiedam due to having two cricket teams playing on the highest national level, the [[Topklasse (cricket)|topklasse]]. The Dutch capital Amsterdam for example only has one. Earlier mentioned team [[Hermes DVS|Hermes D.V.S.]] boasts two topklasse titles, where rivals Excelsior '20 holds eleven titles respectively.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/bce4de52-cb20-11db-b436-000b5df10621 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/bce4de52-cb20-11db-b436-000b5df10621 |archive-date=2022-12-10 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Hail Holland, world cricket's unlikely lads|newspaper=Financial Times |date=5 March 2007 |access-date=16 November 2016}}</ref>


== Education ==
== Education ==
There are about 35 schools in Schiedam. The oldest high school is the [[Stedelijk Gymnasium Schiedam]], dating back to 1346. Other schools include [[Lyceum Schravenlant]], [[Spieringshoek]] and [[Lentiz LIFE]].
High schools in Schiedam:
* [[Schravenlant]]


== Notable residents ==
== Notable people ==
<!--Please only add people with an article on the English Wikipedia-->
<!--Please only add people with an article on the English Wikipedia-->


=== Public Thinking & Public Service ===
=== Public thinking & public service ===
[[File:Jan van Riebeeck.jpg|140px|thumb|Jan van Riebeeck, grew up in Schiedam]]
[[File:Jan van Riebeeck.jpg|140px|thumb|Jan van Riebeeck, grew up in Schiedam]]
[[File:Dirk Jan de Geer.jpg|140px|thumb|Dirk Jan de Geer, 1926]]
[[File:Dirk Jan de Geer.jpg|140px|thumb|Dirk Jan de Geer, 1926]]

* [[Lidwina|Saint Lidwina]] (1380–1433) a Dutch mystic, honored as a saint by the Catholic Church <ref>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Lidwina Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 9 (1913), St. Lidwina], retrieved 29 February 2020</ref>
* [[Lidwina|Saint Lidwina]] (1380–1433) a Dutch mystic, honored as a saint by the Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= St. Lidwina |volume= 9 |last= Albers |first= Petrus Henricus |author-link= |short=1}}</ref>
* [[Jacobus Taurinus]] (1576–1618) a preacher and theologian, supporter of the [[Remonstrants]]
* [[Jacobus Taurinus]] (1576–1618) a preacher and theologian, supporter of the [[Remonstrants]]
* [[Cornelius Haga]] (1578–1654) ambassador of the [[Dutch Republic]] to the [[Ottoman Empire]]
* [[Cornelius Haga]] (1578–1654) ambassador of the [[Dutch Republic]] to the [[Ottoman Empire]]
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* [[Pieter Elbers]] (born 1970) a Dutch airline executive, President and CEO of [[KLM]]
* [[Pieter Elbers]] (born 1970) a Dutch airline executive, President and CEO of [[KLM]]


=== The Arts ===
=== The arts ===
[[File:Wybrand de Geest - Adam Joseph Pynacker.jpg|140px|thumb|Portrait of Adam Pijnacker, 1660]]
[[File:Wybrand de Geest - Adam Joseph Pynacker.jpg|140px|thumb|Portrait of Adam Pijnacker, 1660]]

* [[Adam Pynacker]] (1622–1673) [[Dutch Golden Age]] painter, mostly of landscapes
* [[Adam Pynacker]] (1622–1673) [[Dutch Golden Age]] painter, mostly of landscapes
* [[Piet van Stuivenberg]] (1901–1988) sculptor, painter, lithographer and graphic artist
* [[Piet van Stuivenberg]] (1901–1988) sculptor, painter, lithographer and graphic artist
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[[File:Pauline van der Wildt 1964.jpg|140px|thumb|Pauline van der Wildt, 1964]]
[[File:Pauline van der Wildt 1964.jpg|140px|thumb|Pauline van der Wildt, 1964]]
[[File:Kelly Dulfer 2 20180128.jpg|140px|thumb|Kelly Dulfer, 2018]]
[[File:Kelly Dulfer 2 20180128.jpg|140px|thumb|Kelly Dulfer, 2018]]

* [[Rinus Gosens]] (1920–2008) a football player and manager
* [[Rinus Gosens]] (1920–2008) a football player and manager
* [[Hans Eijkenbroek]] (born 1940) a retired footballer with 339 club caps and manager
* [[Hans Eijkenbroek]] (born 1940) a retired footballer with 339 club caps and manager
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* [[Gökhan Saki]] (born 1983) a Dutch-Turkish kickboxer and mixed martial artist
* [[Gökhan Saki]] (born 1983) a Dutch-Turkish kickboxer and mixed martial artist
* [[Jos van Emden]] (born 1985) a Dutch road bicycle racer and time-trial specialist
* [[Jos van Emden]] (born 1985) a Dutch road bicycle racer and time-trial specialist
* [[Nick de Bruijn]] (born 1987) a Dutch racing driver
* [[Kelly Dulfer]] (born 1994) a Dutch handball player with the [[Netherlands women's national handball team|Dutch national team]]
* [[Kelly Dulfer]] (born 1994) a Dutch handball player with the [[Netherlands women's national handball team|Dutch national team]]
*[[Joshua Zirkzee]] (born 2001) a Dutch football player
*[[Joshua Zirkzee]] (born 2001) a Dutch football player
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===Twin towns – Sister cities===
===Twin towns – Sister cities===
Schiedam is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
Schiedam was [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:

{|class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|FRA}} - [[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]], [[France]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} - [[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]], [[France]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} - [[Esslingen am Neckar]], [[Germany]] (since 1964)
*{{flagicon|GER}} - [[Esslingen am Neckar]], [[Germany]] (since 1964)
*{{flagicon|POL}} - [[Piotrków Trybunalski]], [[Poland]] (since 1992)
*{{flagicon|POL}} - [[Piotrków Trybunalski]], [[Poland]] (since 1992)
||
*{{flagicon|SVN}} - [[Velenje]], [[Slovenia]] (since 1970)
*{{flagicon|SVN}} - [[Velenje]], [[Slovenia]] (since 1970)
*{{flagicon|WAL}} - [[Neath Port Talbot]], [[Wales]] (since 1964)<ref name="Neath Port Talbot twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.npt.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1988 |title=Neath Port Talbot Twin Towns |access-date=2013-08-22 |work=Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822042254/http://www.npt.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1988 |archive-date=2013-08-22 }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|WAL}} - [[Neath Port Talbot]], [[Wales]] (since 1964)<ref name="Neath Port Talbot twinnings">{{cite web |title=Neath Port Talbot Twin Towns |url=http://www.npt.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1988 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822042254/http://www.npt.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1988 |archive-date=2013-08-22 |access-date=2013-08-22 |work=Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ITA}} - [[Udine]], [[Italy]]
*{{flagicon|ITA}} - [[Udine]], [[Italy]]
*{{flagicon|ENG}} - [[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]], [[England]] (since 1946)
*{{flagicon|ENG}} - [[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]], [[England]] (since 1946)
|}


The relations between Schiedam and these cities was stopped in 2008, after Schiedam joined [[Eurotowns]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information about the international relationships by the municipality (in Dutch) |url=https://www.schiedam.nl/a-tot-z/europese-samenwerking-projecten-en-netwerken }}</ref>
All these contacts were under review after a decision of the municipal council on 4 February 2010 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:nynWg0GKCZsJ:www.schiedam.nl/Def/Overheids-Modules/BIS-Module-30/Bestuur-en-organisatie/Gemeenteraad/3-februari-2011-Raad/-Gemeenteraad-3-februari-2011-Benoeming-leden-Rekenkamercommissie-Schiedam-Vlaardingen-Besluit-benoeming-leden-Rekenkamercommissie-Schiedam-Vlaardinge.html|title=Decision municipal council (in Dutch)}}</ref>
* Schiedam is a member city of [[Eurotowns]] network<ref>{{cite web |url= http://eurotowns.org |title=Eurotowns}}</ref>


== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
Line 247: Line 255:
* [[HMS Schiedam]]
* [[HMS Schiedam]]
* [[Nieuwland, Kortland, en 's-Graveland]]
* [[Nieuwland, Kortland, en 's-Graveland]]
* [[Schiedam riots]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 255: Line 264:
* {{Official website|http://www.schiedam.nl/}}
* {{Official website|http://www.schiedam.nl/}}
*[https://historischeverenigingschiedam.nl/ Historical Society Schiedam]
*[https://historischeverenigingschiedam.nl/ Historical Society Schiedam]
*[http://www.schiedamsemolens.nl/uk.html Windmills of Schiedam, official site]
*[https://www.deschiedamsemolens.nl/ Windmills of Schiedam]
*[http://www.schiedam.com Touristic Information Schiedam]
*[http://www.schiedam.com Touristic Information Schiedam]


Revision as of 16:53, 12 April 2024

Schiedam
City and municipality
Old city hall of Schiedam
Old city hall of Schiedam
Flag of Schiedam
Flag
Coat of arms of Schiedam
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Brandersstad
Highlighted position of Schiedam in a municipal map of South Holland
Location in South Holland
Coordinates: 51°55′N 4°24′E / 51.917°N 4.400°E / 51.917; 4.400
CountryNetherlands
ProvinceSouth Holland
Settledc. 1230
City rights1275
Government
[1]
 • BodyMunicipal council
 • MayorCor Lamers (CDA)
Area
[2]
 • Total19.86 km2 (7.67 sq mi)
 • Land17.82 km2 (6.88 sq mi)
 • Water2.04 km2 (0.79 sq mi)
Elevation
[3]
−1 m (−3 ft)
Population
 (January 2021)[4]
 • Total79,279
 • Density4,449/km2 (11,520/sq mi)
DemonymSchiedammer
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode
3100–3125
Area code010
Websitewww.schiedam.nl
Dutch Topographic map of Schiedam, 2016
View of Schiedam with The Porters' Guild House
Windmill De Kameel in Schiedam

Schiedam (Dutch pronunciation: [sxiˈdɑm] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands. It is located in the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, west of Rotterdam, east of Vlaardingen, and south of Delft. In the south the city is connected with the village of Pernis by the Beneluxtunnel.

The city is known for its historical center with canals, and for having the tallest windmills in the world.

Schiedam is also well known for the distilleries and malthouses and production of jenever, such as the internationally renowned Ketel One; in French and English, the word schiedam (usually without a capital s-) refers to the town's jenever. This was the town's main industry during the early Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th century, a period to which it owed its former nickname "Zwart Nazareth" ("Black Nazareth").

The city is also known for Saint Lidwina, one of the most famous Dutch saints, whose relics are located in the city’s basilica.

History

Schiedam was founded around the year 1230. The river Schie was dammed by the Lord of Wassenaer and the Amtlord Dirk Bokel of the Amt Mathenesse, this to protect the existing polderland against the seawater from the North Sea.[citation needed] In 1247, Lady Adelaide (Aleida) of Holland married John I, Count of Hainaut. [citation needed] As dowry she received from him[clarification needed] the eastern part of the dam together with the adjacent polder. The dam attracted many trade activities because goods for and from the hinterland (Delft, and further away Leiden and Haarlem) had to be transhipped. A small town developed swiftly around the dam and its activities. In the year 1275 Schiedam received city rights from Lady Adelaide, this in her capacity as sister of William II, the reigning Count of Holland and King of the Romans. She ordered the building of Te Riviere Castle near the Schie, which is known today as "Castle Mathenesse" (Dutch: "Huis te Riviere" or "Slot Mathenesse"). Remnants of a donjon, which were once part of the castle, are still visible today in the centre of Schiedam and near the city office.[citation needed]

As a young settlement Schiedam soon got competition from surrounding towns and cities: in 1340, Rotterdam and Delft also were allowed to establish a connection between the Schie and the Meuse. From the 15th century onwards the city flourished as a place of pilgrimage due to the devotion afforded to Saint Lidwina, one of the most famous Dutch saints who lived her life in Schiedam. The city subsequently gained significance by fishing for herring. In 1428 a great city fire swept through Schiedam, destroying large parts of the then wooden city.[citation needed]

In 1575 the world's first known commercial distillery started operations in Schiedam.[5] The 18th century was Schiedam's Golden Age, when the gin industry flourished. The standstill in drink imports from France made the boom in Schiedam's distilleries possible.[citation needed] From dozens of distilleries Schiedam jenever was exported throughout the world. The gin industry gave the city its nickname "Black Nazareth". This industry is now largely gone. Five windmills in the town, called De Noord, Walvisch, Drie Koornbloemen, Nieuwe Palmboom and Vrijheid − are the highest traditional-style windmills in the world because they had to stick out above the high warehouses, and many storehouses are relics of this past. In one of the former factories at the Lange Haven the National Jenever Museum operates.[citation needed]

On 10 August 1856, the first major train accident in the Netherlands happened near Schiedam Centrum railway station, causing 3 deaths. On 4 May 1976 the 1976 Schiedam train accident also took place near the station, which caused 24 deaths.[6]

At the end of the 19th and throughout the 20th century, the shipbuilding industry boomed in Schiedam, with large companies like Wilton-Fijenoord and others. In 1941, the ancient municipalities Kethel en Spaland were merged with Schiedam, which made large expansions of the city possible with residential areas in the north. [citation needed] At the end of the 20th century, the shipbuilding industry largely disappeared and today, Schiedam is mainly a commuter-area in the Rotterdam metropolitan area.[citation needed]

Geography

The city of Schiedam is located in the province of South Holland. It is enclosed between Rotterdam (east), Midden-Delfland (north), Vlaardingen (west) and the river Nieuwe Maas (south).

Schiedam exists of nine districts: Centrum ('Center'), Oost ('East'), Gorzen ('South'), West ('West'), Nieuwland, Groenoord, Kethel, Woudhoek and Spaland/Sveaparken.[7]

Demographics

55,44% Dutch background, 14,42% Western migration background, 30,15% Non western migration background[citation needed]

Attractions

Museums

Monuments

Events

  • Brandersfeesten [nl][13]
  • The National Windmill Days[14] (Nationale Molen- & Gemalen dag)
  • Monthly art exhibition at Artipico Art Gallery[15] (maandelijkse Kunstborrel)

Past notable events

Sport

The most popular sports in Schiedam are soccer and field hockey. The town used to have two professional soccer teams, one named SVV (Schiedamse voetbal vereniging), whereas the other one was named Hermes along the Damlaan where also cricket was played. Both disappeared from the professional level after financial problems. Cricket is also rather popular in Schiedam due to having two cricket teams playing on the highest national level, the topklasse. The Dutch capital Amsterdam for example only has one. Earlier mentioned team Hermes D.V.S. boasts two topklasse titles, where rivals Excelsior '20 holds eleven titles respectively.[17]

Education

There are about 35 schools in Schiedam. The oldest high school is the Stedelijk Gymnasium Schiedam, dating back to 1346. Other schools include Lyceum Schravenlant, Spieringshoek and Lentiz LIFE.

Notable people

Public thinking & public service

Jan van Riebeeck, grew up in Schiedam
Dirk Jan de Geer, 1926

The arts

Portrait of Adam Pijnacker, 1660

Sport

Pauline van der Wildt, 1964
Kelly Dulfer, 2018

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Netherlands

Twin towns – Sister cities

Schiedam was twinned with:

The relations between Schiedam and these cities was stopped in 2008, after Schiedam joined Eurotowns[22]

Gallery

  • New townhall and basilica
    New townhall and basilica
  • Ruin: Huis te Riviere
    Ruin: Huis te Riviere
  • Church: de Grote of Sint Janskerk
    Church: de Grote of Sint Janskerk
  • Church: Johannes de Doperkerk
    Church: Johannes de Doperkerk
  • Sculpture (de Zakkendrager)
    Sculpture (de Zakkendrager)
  • Ship in the Korte Haven near the Korenbeurs
    Ship in the Korte Haven near the Korenbeurs
  • Monumental building: het Proveniershuis
    Monumental building: het Proveniershuis
  • Street view: Broersvest-Rotterdamsedijk
    Street view: Broersvest-Rotterdamsedijk

See also

References

  1. ^ "Dhr. C.H.J. Lamers" [Mr. C.H.J. Lamers] (in Dutch). Gemeente Schiedam. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  2. ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020" [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  3. ^ "Postcodetool for 3112DZ". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  4. ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  5. ^ Doxat, John (1972). "Bols". The World of Drinks and Drinking: An International Distillation. New York: Drake Publishers. p. 35. ISBN 9780877492542. Retrieved 11 December 2023. [...] the oldest gin house in the world - presumably the world's oldest commercial distillers - Bols Boord & Son was founded in 1575, at Schiedam [...].
  6. ^ "Eerste treinramp met doden ook bij Schiedam". Dagblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). May 1, 2004. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
  7. ^ "Wijken - Gemeente Schiedam". Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  8. ^ "Stedelijk Museum Schiedam". Stedelijk Museum Schiedam.
  9. ^ "Nationaal Jenevermuseum Schiedam". Nationaal Jenevermuseum Schiedam.
  10. ^ "De Schiedamse Molens". www.schiedamsemolens.nl.
  11. ^ "Scyedam - Kaleida - Ruïne Huis te Riviere". scyedam.delinea.nl.
  12. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2006-07-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. ^ "Brandersfeesten - Jaarlijks feest in Schiedam Centrum". www.brandersfeesten.nl.
  14. ^ "Nationale molen- en gemalendag - Alles over molens". www.nationalemolenengemalendag.nl.
  15. ^ Artipico. "Galerie Artipico Schiedam - DIET WIEGMAN CLEMENS BRIELS - JUDITH WIERSEMA". www.artipico.com.
  16. ^ Yorick de Vries (30 September 2012). "Schiedam 2012 - DOUBLE LIPDUB WORLD RECORD!!! - OLD BETA VERSION". Archived from the original on 2013-07-27 – via YouTube.
  17. ^ "Hail Holland, world cricket's unlikely lads". Financial Times. 5 March 2007. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  18. ^ Albers, Petrus Henricus (1910). "St. Lidwina" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9.
  19. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 29 February 2020
  20. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 29 February 2020
  21. ^ "Neath Port Talbot Twin Towns". Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council. Archived from the original on 2013-08-22. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
  22. ^ "Information about the international relationships by the municipality (in Dutch)".

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schiedam&oldid=1218592051"