List of wars of independence: Difference between revisions
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{{About|wars of |
{{About|wars of secession by a breakaway region from a state|wars of succession during [[succession crisis|succession crises]]|List of wars of succession}} |
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{{refimprove|date=November 2022}} |
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This is a '''list of wars of independence''' (also called '''[[Wars of national liberation|liberation wars]]'''). These wars may or may not have been successful in achieving a goal of [[independence]]. |
This is a '''list of wars of independence''' (also called '''[[Wars of national liberation|liberation wars]]'''). These wars may or may not have been successful in achieving a goal of [[independence]]. |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1775–1783 |
| 1775–1783 |
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| [[American Revolutionary War]]<br />([[ |
| [[American Revolutionary War]]<br />([[United States War of Independence]]) |
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|{{Flag|United States|1776}} |
|{{Flag|United States|1776}} |
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|{{Flag|Kingdom of Great Britain|name=Great Britain}} |
|{{Flag|Kingdom of Great Britain|name=Great Britain}} |
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|1808–1814 |
|1808–1814 |
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|[[Peninsular War]] |
|[[Peninsular War]] |
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|{{Flag| |
|{{Flag|Kingdom of Portugal|1640|name=Portugal}} |
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|{{Flag|First French Empire|name=France}} |
|{{Flag|First French Empire|name=France}} |
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|Independence of [[Spain]] from [[France]] |
|Independence of [[Portugal]] and [[Spain]] from [[France]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|1810s–1820s |
|1810s–1820s |
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|1815–1817 |
|1815–1817 |
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|[[Second Serbian Uprising]]<br />([[Serbian Revolution]]) |
|[[Second Serbian Uprising]]<br />([[Serbian Revolution]]) |
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|[[File:Flag of the Red Cross.svg|20px]] [[Principality of Serbia|Serbia]] |
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|{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}} |
|{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}} |
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|Semi-independence of [[Serbia]] within the [[Ottoman Empire]] |
|Semi-independence of [[Serbia]] within the [[Ottoman Empire]] |
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|Independence of [[Republic of Texas|Texas]] from [[Mexico]] |
|Independence of [[Republic of Texas|Texas]] from [[Mexico]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|1844–1856 |
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|1843–1849 |
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|[[Dominican War of Independence]] |
|[[Dominican War of Independence]] |
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|{{Flag|Dominican Republic|1843}} |
|{{Flag|Dominican Republic|1843}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1848–1849 |
| 1848–1849 |
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| [[First Italian War of Independence]] |
| [[First Italian War of Independence|Italian War of Independence]] |
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|{{ |
|{{Flagdeco|Kingdom of Sardinia|variant=1848}} [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont]] |
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|{{Flag|Austrian Empire|name=Austria}} |
|{{Flag|Austrian Empire|name=Austria}} |
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| [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] defeated by the [[Austrian Empire]]; Italian unification not achieved |
| [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Sardinia-Piedmont]] defeated by the [[Austrian Empire]]; Italian unification not achieved |
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|- |
|- |
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|1857–1858 |
|1857–1858 |
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|[[ |
|[[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian War of Independence]] |
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|{{Flag|India}} |
|{{Flag|India}} <br /> {{Flag|Pakistan}} <br /> {{Flag|Bangladesh}} |
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|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company|British East India Company]] |
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company|British East India Company]] |
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|[[East India Company]] loses power to [[Great Britain]], vide [[Government of India Act 1858]]. |
|[[East India Company]] loses power to [[Great Britain]], vide [[Government of India Act 1858]]. |
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| 1859 |
| 1859 |
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| [[Second Italian War of Independence]] |
| [[Second Italian War of Independence]] |
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|{{ |
|{{Flagdeco|Kingdom of Sardinia|variant=1848}} [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont]] |
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{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.svg}} [[Lombardy–Venetia]] |
{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.svg}} [[Lombardy–Venetia]] |
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|{{flagcountry|Confederate States of America|1861}} |
|{{flagcountry|Confederate States of America|1861}} |
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|{{flag|United States|1861}} ([[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]) |
|{{flag|United States|1861}} ([[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]) |
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|Defeat and dissolution of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]]; U.S. [[ |
|Defeat and dissolution of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]]; U.S. retains control of the [[Southern United States|South]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|1863–1865 |
|1863–1865 |
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|{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}} |
|{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}} |
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| Defeat of [[Bulgaria]]n nationalists by the [[Ottoman Empire]]; subsequent reprisals by the Ottomans led to the [[Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78]] and the 1878 independence of [[Bulgaria]] from the Ottoman Empire. |
| Defeat of [[Bulgaria]]n nationalists by the [[Ottoman Empire]]; subsequent reprisals by the Ottomans led to the [[Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78]] and the 1878 independence of [[Bulgaria]] from the Ottoman Empire. |
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|1876–1878 |
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|[[Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)]] |
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|{{Flag|Principality of Serbia|name=Serbia}} |
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|Independence of [[Serbia]] from the [[Ottoman Empire]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|1877 |
|1877 |
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|{{Flag|United States|1896}} |
|{{Flag|United States|1896}} |
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|Defeat of Philippine insurgents; [[United States]] retains control of the [[Philippines]] |
|Defeat of Philippine insurgents; [[United States]] retains control of the [[Philippines]] |
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| 1902–1932 |
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| [[Unification of Saudi Arabia]] |
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|[[Emirate of Jabal Shammar]] |
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[[Kingdom of Hejaz]] |
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| Independence of [[Saudi Arabia]] from the [[Kingdom of Hejaz]] and [[Emirate of Jabal Shammar]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1916–1918 |
| 1916–1918 |
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{{Flag|Poland}} |
{{Flag|Poland}} |
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| Independence of [[Ukraine]] from [[Russia]]; partition of Ukraine by [[Soviet Union]] and [[Poland]] |
| Independence of [[Ukraine]] from [[Russia]]; partition of Ukraine by [[Soviet Union]] and [[Poland]] |
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| 1918 |
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| [[Finnish Civil War]] |
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|{{Flag|Finland}} |
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|{{Flag|Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic|1918|name=Soviet Russia}} |
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| Independence of [[Finland]] from [[Russian Empire]]/[[Russian SFSR]] under a [[Whites (Finland)|White]] regime |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1918–1920 |
| 1918–1920 |
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| 1942-1947 |
| 1942-1947 |
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| [[Indian National Army|Second Indian War of Independence]] |
| [[Indian National Army|Second Indian War of Independence]] |
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|{{Flagicon image|1931 Flag of India.svg}} [[India]] |
|{{Flagicon image|1931 Flag of India.svg}} [[Azad Hind|Free India]] |
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|{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |
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|[[Indian National Army|INA]] captured parts of [[North-East India]] and [[Andaman & Nicobar Islands]], later [[INA Trials]] triggered [[Royal Indian Navy Mutiny|Bombay Mutiny]] & [[Royal Air Force mutiny]] which resulted in [[Indian Independence Act 1947]]<ref>{{cite web |
|[[Indian National Army|INA]] captured parts of [[North-East India]] and [[Andaman & Nicobar Islands]], later [[INA Trials]] triggered [[Royal Indian Navy Mutiny|Bombay Mutiny]] & [[Royal Air Force mutiny]] which resulted in [[Indian Independence Act 1947]]<ref>{{cite web |
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| 1946–1954 |
| 1946–1954 |
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| [[First Indochina War]] |
| [[First Indochina War]] |
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|{{Flagicon image|Flag of North Vietnam (1945–1955).svg}} [[Vietnam]] |
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{{Flag|Laos}} |
{{Flag|Laos}} |
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{{Flag|Cambodia}} |
{{Flag|Cambodia}} |
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|{{Flag|France|1794}} |
|{{Flag|France|1794}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1947–1949 |
| 1947–1949 |
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| [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] |
| [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], aka [[Israel's War of Independence]] |
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|{{Flag|Israel}} |
|{{Flag|Israel}} |
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|{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |
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| 1955–1972 |
| 1955–1972 |
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| [[First Sudanese Civil War]] |
| [[First Sudanese Civil War]] |
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|{{ |
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Azania Liberation Front.svg}} [[South Sudan|Southern Sudan]] |
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|{{Flag|Sudan|1956}} |
|{{Flag|Sudan|1956}} |
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| Conflict between [[Sudan]] and [[South Sudan]] |
| Conflict between [[Sudan]] and [[South Sudan]] |
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| Independence of [[Eritrea]] from [[Ethiopia]] |
| Independence of [[Eritrea]] from [[Ethiopia]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|1961–ongoing |
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|1961–Ongoing |
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|[[Papua conflict]] |
|[[Papua conflict]] |
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|{{Flag|Free Papua}} |
|{{Flag|Free Papua}} |
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|{{Flag|Portugal}} |
|{{Flag|Portugal}} |
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| Independence of [[Guinea-Bissau]] from [[Portugal]] |
| Independence of [[Guinea-Bissau]] from [[Portugal]] |
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|1964–1979 |
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|[[Rhodesian Bush War|Zimbabwe War of Liberation]] |
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|{{Nowrap|{{Flag|Rhodesia}}}} |
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|Defeat of unrecognized [[Rhodesia|Republic of Rhodesia]]; internationally recognized independence of [[Zimbabwe]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1964–1974 |
| 1964–1974 |
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|Independence of [[Bangladesh]] from [[Pakistan]] |
|Independence of [[Bangladesh]] from [[Pakistan]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|1975–ongoing |
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|1975–Ongoing |
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|[[Cabinda War]] |
|[[Cabinda War]] |
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|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Cabinda (FLEC propose).svg}} [[Republic of Cabinda|Cabinda]] |
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Cabinda (FLEC propose).svg}} [[Republic of Cabinda|Cabinda]] |
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|Partition of [[Western Sahara]] between [[Morocco]] and [[Sahrawi Republic]] |
|Partition of [[Western Sahara]] between [[Morocco]] and [[Sahrawi Republic]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|1976–2005 |
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|1976-2005 |
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|[[Insurgency in Aceh]] |
|[[Insurgency in Aceh]] |
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|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Free Aceh Movement.svg}} [[Free Aceh Movement]] |
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Free Aceh Movement.svg}} [[Free Aceh Movement]] |
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|De facto independence of [[Somaliland]] from [[Somalia]] |
|De facto independence of [[Somaliland]] from [[Somalia]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|1982–ongoing |
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|1982–Ongoing |
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|[[Casamance conflict]] |
|[[Casamance conflict]] |
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|{{Flag|Casamance}} |
|{{Flag|Casamance}} |
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|{{Flag|Yugoslavia}} |
|{{Flag|Yugoslavia}} |
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| Independence of [[Slovenia]] from [[Yugoslavia]] |
| Independence of [[Slovenia]] from [[Yugoslavia]] |
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|1992–1995 |
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|[[Bosnian War]] |
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|{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina|1992}} |
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|{{Flag|FR Yugoslavia}}<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=ICTY: Conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia |url=http://hrw.org/reports/2004/ij/icty/2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107224919/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/ij/icty/2.htm |archive-date=7 January 2019 |access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref>{{Flag|Croatia}}<ref name=":0" /> |
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|Independence of [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] from [[SFR Yugoslavia]]; the new country is divided between two [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|entities]]: the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina |url=http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_id=380 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604163946/http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_id=380 |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=28 May 2015 |publisher=OHR.int |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|1992–1993 |
|1992–1993 |
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|{{Flag|Russia|1991}} |
|{{Flag|Russia|1991}} |
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|[[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Chechnya]] maintains de facto independence from [[Russia]] |
|[[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Chechnya]] maintains de facto independence from [[Russia]] |
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|1998–1999 |
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|[[Kosovo War]] |
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|{{Flag|Republic of Kosova}} |
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|{{Flag|Serbia & Montenegro}} |
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|No legal changes to Yugoslav borders according to the Resolution 1244, but de facto independence of [[Kosovo]] from the rest of [[Yugoslavia]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|1999–2009 |
|1999–2009 |
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|{{Flag|Azawad}} |
|{{Flag|Azawad}} |
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|{{Flag|Mali}} |
|{{Flag|Mali}} |
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|Unrecognized independence of [[Azawad]] from [[Mali]]; renounced |
|Unrecognized independence of [[Azawad]] from [[Mali]]; renounced its independence in 2013 |
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|- |
|- |
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|2014–ongoing |
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|2014–Ongoing |
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|[[Russo-Ukrainian War]] |
|[[Russo-Ukrainian War]] |
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|{{Flag|Ukraine}} |
|{{Flag|Ukraine}} |
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|{{Flag|Russia}} |
|{{Flag|Russia}} |
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|Also called a "rebirth," or a war of independence from [[Russia]] by some [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] sources.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2022 |title=Ukraine will fight to the end: Zelenskyy’s Independence Day vow |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/24/ukraine-will-fight-to-the-end-zelenskyys-independence-day-vow |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831032051/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/24/ukraine-will-fight-to-the-end-zelenskyys-independence-day-vow |archive-date=August 31, 2022 |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |quote=A new nation appeared in the world on February 24 at 4 o’clock in the morning. It was not born, but reborn.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dt.ua/internal/rosiysko-ukrayinskiy-konflikt-promizhni-pidsumki-_.html|title=Російсько-український конфлікт: проміжні підсумки|work=DT.ua|language=uk|trans-title=The Russian-Ukrainian conflict: interim results|date=23 October 2015|quote=Currently, Ukraine is experiencing the third round of struggle for independence in 100 years}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="Війна на сході — це війна за незалежність України", — Зеленський в Польщі (відео)|url=https://focus.ua/uk/ukraine/481723-viyna-na-shodi-ce-viyna-za-nezalezhnist-ukrajini-zelenskiy-v-polshchi-video|website=FOCUS|date=3 May 2021|accessdate=|language=uk|archive-date=23 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323122814/https://focus.ua/uk/ukraine/481723-viyna-na-shodi-ce-viyna-za-nezalezhnist-ukrajini-zelenskiy-v-polshchi-video|trans-title="The war in the east is a war for the independence of Ukraine," — Zelenskyy in Poland (video)|quote=We have been fighting for independence for many decades. And today the same thing is happening in the east of our country. We are fighting for our independence again.}}</ref> |
|Also called a "rebirth," or a war of independence from [[Russia]] by some [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] sources.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2022 |title=Ukraine will fight to the end: Zelenskyy’s Independence Day vow |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/24/ukraine-will-fight-to-the-end-zelenskyys-independence-day-vow |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831032051/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/24/ukraine-will-fight-to-the-end-zelenskyys-independence-day-vow |archive-date=August 31, 2022 |website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |quote=A new nation appeared in the world on February 24 at 4 o’clock in the morning. It was not born, but reborn.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dt.ua/internal/rosiysko-ukrayinskiy-konflikt-promizhni-pidsumki-_.html|title=Російсько-український конфлікт: проміжні підсумки|work=DT.ua|language=uk|trans-title=The Russian-Ukrainian conflict: interim results|date=23 October 2015|quote=Currently, Ukraine is experiencing the third round of struggle for independence in 100 years}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="Війна на сході — це війна за незалежність України", — Зеленський в Польщі (відео)|url=https://focus.ua/uk/ukraine/481723-viyna-na-shodi-ce-viyna-za-nezalezhnist-ukrajini-zelenskiy-v-polshchi-video|website=FOCUS|date=3 May 2021|accessdate=|language=uk|archive-date=23 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323122814/https://focus.ua/uk/ukraine/481723-viyna-na-shodi-ce-viyna-za-nezalezhnist-ukrajini-zelenskiy-v-polshchi-video|trans-title="The war in the east is a war for the independence of Ukraine," — Zelenskyy in Poland (video)|quote=We have been fighting for independence for many decades. And today the same thing is happening in the east of our country. We are fighting for our independence again.}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|2014–2022 |
|2014–2022 |
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|Part of the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]; recognition of independence by Russia on [[International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic|21 February 2022]]; annexed by Russia on [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|September the same year]]. |
|Part of the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]; recognition of independence by Russia on [[International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic|21 February 2022]]; annexed by Russia on [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|September the same year]]. |
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|- |
|- |
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|2017–ongoing |
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|2017–Ongoing |
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|[[Anglophone Crisis]] |
|[[Anglophone Crisis]] |
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|{{Flag|Ambazonia}} |
|{{Flag|Ambazonia}} |
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|Ongoing |
|Ongoing |
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|- |
|- |
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|2020–ongoing |
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|2020–Ongoing |
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|[[Western Togoland Rebellion]] |
|[[Western Togoland Rebellion]] |
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|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Western Togoland.svg}} [[Western Togoland]] |
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Western Togoland.svg}} [[Western Togoland]] |
Revision as of 13:35, 28 April 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2022) |
Part of a series on |
War Outline |
---|
This is a list of wars of independence (also called liberation wars). These wars may or may not have been successful in achieving a goal of independence.
List
See also
- Lists of active separatist movements
- List of civil wars
- List of ongoing armed conflicts
- National liberation
References
- ^ Bhat D. "RIN mutiny gave a jolt to the British". The Tribune. Retrieved 2007-09-02.
- ^ a b "ICTY: Conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia". Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- ^ "The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina". OHR.int. Archived from the original on 4 June 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ^ "Ukraine will fight to the end: Zelenskyy's Independence Day vow". Al Jazeera. August 24, 2022. Archived from the original on August 31, 2022.
A new nation appeared in the world on February 24 at 4 o'clock in the morning. It was not born, but reborn.
- ^ "Російсько-український конфлікт: проміжні підсумки" [The Russian-Ukrainian conflict: interim results]. DT.ua (in Ukrainian). 23 October 2015.
Currently, Ukraine is experiencing the third round of struggle for independence in 100 years
- ^ ""Війна на сході — це війна за незалежність України", — Зеленський в Польщі (відео)" ["The war in the east is a war for the independence of Ukraine," — Zelenskyy in Poland (video)]. FOCUS (in Ukrainian). 3 May 2021. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022.
We have been fighting for independence for many decades. And today the same thing is happening in the east of our country. We are fighting for our independence again.