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{{short description|Genre of fiction}}
{{short description|Genre of fiction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
[[File:Dark Lord Bert.jpeg|thumb|Chris Fox’s ''Dark Lord Bert'', an example of a pop culture fiction.]]
[[File:Dark Lord Bert.jpeg|thumb|Chris Fox’s ''Dark Lord Bert'', an example of a pop culture fiction.]]


'''Pop culture fiction''' is a genre of fiction where stories are written intentionally to be filled with references from other works and media. Stories in this genre are focused solely on using [[popular culture]] references.<ref name="Kid">Kidd, Dustin. ''Pop Culture Freaks: Identity, Mass Media, and Society''. Routledge; 2nd Edition (Updated: August 2020). pp. 143–145. {{ISBN|978-0813350875}}. [https://archive.org/details/pop-culture-freaks_202009 Excerpt]</ref><ref name="Fiction1">{{cite web|url=https://electricliterature.com/should-fiction-be-timeless-pop-culture-references-in-contemporary-novels/|title=Should Fiction Be Timeless? Pop Culture References in Contemporary Novels|website=Electric Lit|author=Pickard, Kevin|date=19 January 2016 }} January 19, 2016</ref><ref name="Enotee">{{cite web|url= https://www.enotes.com/topics/popular-culture-literature-11 |title= Popular Culture in Literature |website=Enotes|author=Editorial}} May 5, 2015</ref>
'''Pop culture fiction''' is a genre of fiction where stories are written intentionally to be filled with references from other works and media.<ref name="Kid">Kidd, Dustin. ''Pop Culture Freaks: Identity, Mass Media, and Society''. Routledge; 2nd Edition (Updated: August 2020). pp. 143–145. {{ISBN|978-0813350875}}. [https://archive.org/details/pop-culture-freaks_202009 Excerpt]</ref><ref name="Fiction1">{{cite web|url=https://electricliterature.com/should-fiction-be-timeless-pop-culture-references-in-contemporary-novels/|title=Should Fiction Be Timeless? Pop Culture References in Contemporary Novels|website=Electric Lit|author=Pickard, Kevin|date=19 January 2016 }} January 19, 2016</ref><ref name="Enotee">{{cite web|url= https://www.enotes.com/topics/popular-culture-literature-11 |title= Popular Culture in Literature |website=Enotes|author=Editorial}} May 5, 2015</ref> Stories in this genre are focused solely on using [[popular culture]] references.<ref name="NYU"/>


==Criteria==
==Criteria==
Some works in the genre use pop culture references to elicit [[nostalgia]] among its consumers, while other examples have the whole setting and universe themselves built upon and revolves around pop cultural references<ref>[https://bookriot.com/in-defense-of-pop-culture-references-in-books/ IN DEFENSE OF POP CULTURE REFERENCES IN BOOKS - BOOK RIOT]</ref> (sometimes even relying on well-known and/or obscure pop culture references as humor as in the case of the cult TV series ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'').<ref name="Kid"/><ref name="Alexander, Jonathan 2020">Alexander, Jonathan. ''The Uses and Abuses of Pop Culture in Ready Player One and Grandmother's Gold'' (July 7, 2020)</ref><ref name="bookriot.com">{{cite web|url=https://bookriot.com/books-like-ready-player-one/|title=CAN'T GET ENOUGH RP1? TRY THESE 25 BOOKS LIKE READY PLAYER ONE|website=Book Riot|author=Martin, Emily|date=3 April 2018 }} April 3, 2018</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.ucalgary.ca/news/profs-explore-what-pop-culture-fiction-teaches-us-about-health-care|title=Profs explore what pop culture fiction teaches us about health care|website=[[University of Calgary]]|author=Jubas, Kaela|date=16 March 2015 }} March 24, 2017</ref><ref name="preinternetwebseries"/> Pop culture fiction doesn't just reference one or two titles, but works under this genre reference several titles across different genres and media.<ref name="Substack"/>
Some works in the genre use pop culture references to elicit [[nostalgia]] among its consumers, while other examples have the whole setting and universe themselves built upon and revolves around pop cultural references (sometimes even relying on well-known and/or obscure pop culture references as humor as in the case of the cult TV series ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'').<ref name="Kid"/><ref name="Alexander, Jonathan 2020">Alexander, Jonathan. ''The Uses and Abuses of Pop Culture in Ready Player One and Grandmother's Gold'' (July 7, 2020)</ref><ref name="bookriot.com">{{cite web|url=https://bookriot.com/books-like-ready-player-one/|title=CAN'T GET ENOUGH RP1? TRY THESE 25 BOOKS LIKE READY PLAYER ONE|website=Book Riot|author=Martin, Emily|date=3 April 2018 }} April 3, 2018</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.ucalgary.ca/news/profs-explore-what-pop-culture-fiction-teaches-us-about-health-care|title=Profs explore what pop culture fiction teaches us about health care|website=[[University of Calgary]]|author=Jubas, Kaela|date=16 March 2015 }} March 24, 2017</ref><ref name="preinternetwebseries"/> Pop culture fiction doesn't just reference one or two titles, but works under this genre reference several titles across different genres and media.<ref name="Substack"/><ref name="NYU"/>


Many types of [[Postmodern literature|postmodern works]] and modern-day [[Homage (arts)|homage]], [[metafiction]], [[satires]] and [[Parody|parodies]] fall under this category.<ref name="Kid"/> But unlike more typically comedic satires and parodies, pop culture fiction contains depth and serious themes, with many even garnering critical acclaim.<ref name="Substack"/> Many stories inspired by [[Gamelit|games]] and [[geek culture]] have also been examples.<ref name="John">{{cite web|url=https://johnalmond.gonevis.com/the-dark-lord-bert-a-quirky-video-game-literature/|title=The Dark Lord Bert: A Quirky Video Game Literature|website=Gonevis|author=Almond, John|date=8 July 2021 }} July 8, 2021</ref> According to author [[Gary Westfahl]], works under this genre demand an "aura of immaturity, of incompleteness, while projecting no pretenses."<ref>Westfahl, Gary. ''Science Fiction, Children's Literature, and Popular Culture: Coming of Age in Fantasyland''. Praeger; 1st Edition (April 30, 2000). pp. xi–xii. {{ISBN|978-0313308475}}</ref>
Many types of [[Postmodern literature|postmodern works]] and modern-day [[Homage (arts)|homage]], [[metafiction]], [[satires]] and [[Parody|parodies]] fall under this category.<ref name="Kid"/><ref name="NYU">{{cite web|url=https://www.docsity.com/en/pop-culture-in-literature-styles-themes-and-genres/11135161/|title=Pop Culture in Literature: Styles, Themes, and Genres|website=[[New York University]]|author=Sweden, Stephen R.|date=12 November 2022}}</ref> But unlike more typically comedic satires and parodies, pop culture fiction contains depth and serious themes, with many even garnering critical acclaim.<ref name="Substack"/> Many stories inspired by [[Gamelit|games]] and [[geek culture]] have also been examples.<ref name="John">{{cite web|url=https://johnalmond.gonevis.com/the-dark-lord-bert-a-quirky-video-game-literature/|title=The Dark Lord Bert: A Quirky Video Game Literature|website=Gonevis|author=Almond, John|date=8 July 2021 }} July 8, 2021</ref> According to author [[Gary Westfahl]], works under this genre demand an "aura of immaturity, of incompleteness, while projecting no pretenses."<ref>Westfahl, Gary. ''Science Fiction, Children's Literature, and Popular Culture: Coming of Age in Fantasyland''. Praeger; 1st Edition (April 30, 2000). pp. xi–xii. {{ISBN|978-0313308475}}</ref>


This genre should not be confused with '''Pop culture non-fiction''', which are researches, [[encyclopedias]], and other academic works focused on the study and analysis of pop culture, rather than stories centered around pop culture references.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://book-genres.com/pop-culture-definition/#:~:text=The%20pop%20cultural%20nonfiction%20book,often%20criticized%20for%20being%20trivial.|title=Pop Culture Definition – Complete List of Book Genres|website=Book Genre|author=Malatesta, Mark|date=10 February 2019 }} February 10, 2019</ref><ref>[https://ktliterary.com/2010/07/what-is-pop-culture-narrative-nonfiction/ What is “Pop Culture Narrative Nonfiction”?]</ref>
This genre should not be confused with '''Pop culture non-fiction''', which are researches, [[encyclopedias]], and other academic works focused on the study and analysis of pop culture, rather than stories centered around pop culture references.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://book-genres.com/pop-culture-definition/#:~:text=The%20pop%20cultural%20nonfiction%20book,often%20criticized%20for%20being%20trivial.|title=Pop Culture Definition – Complete List of Book Genres|website=Book Genre|author=Malatesta, Mark|date=10 February 2019 }} February 10, 2019</ref><ref>[https://ktliterary.com/2010/07/what-is-pop-culture-narrative-nonfiction/ What is “Pop Culture Narrative Nonfiction”?]</ref>
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*Ernest Cline's ''[[Ready Player One]]'' and ''[[Ready Player Two]]'' which extensively use 1980s pop culture as its themes.<ref name="Kid"/><ref name="Alexander, Jonathan 2020"/><ref name="bookriot.com"/><ref name="tasteofcinema.com">[http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2018/the-10-best-movies-that-are-full-of-pop-culture-references/2/ The 10 Best Movies That Are Full of Pop Culture References - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema]</ref>
*Ernest Cline's ''[[Ready Player One]]'' and ''[[Ready Player Two]]'' which extensively use 1980s pop culture as its themes.<ref name="Kid"/><ref name="Alexander, Jonathan 2020"/><ref name="bookriot.com"/><ref name="tasteofcinema.com">[http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2018/the-10-best-movies-that-are-full-of-pop-culture-references/2/ The 10 Best Movies That Are Full of Pop Culture References - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema]</ref>
*[[Louis Bulaong|Louis Bulaong's]] ''[[Escapist Dream]]'' and its sequel ''[[Otaku Girl]]'' are novels that [[Genre-busting|genre-busts]] popular geek culture and topics into one virtual reality story.<ref name="Kid"/><ref name="Vocal">{{cite web|url=https://vocal.media/geeks/otaku-girl-book-review-where-memes-and-literature-mix|title=Otaku Girl (Book Review): Where Memes and Literature Mix|website=[[Voice Media Group]]|author=Hannigan, Carl}} July 1, 2021</ref>
*[[Louis Bulaong|Louis Bulaong's]] ''[[Escapist Dream]]'' and its sequel ''[[Otaku Girl]]'' are novels that [[Genre-busting|genre-busts]] popular geek culture and topics into one virtual reality story.<ref name="Kid"/><ref name="Vocal">{{cite web|url=https://vocal.media/geeks/otaku-girl-book-review-where-memes-and-literature-mix|title=Otaku Girl (Book Review): Where Memes and Literature Mix|website=[[Voice Media Group]]|author=Hannigan, Carl}} July 1, 2021</ref>
*Chris Fox's ''The Dark Lord Bert'' is a ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]''-inspired [[gamelit]] filled with pop culture references.<ref name="John"/>
*Chris Fox's ''The Dark Lord Bert'' is a ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]''-inspired [[gamelit]] filled with pop culture references.<ref name="John"/><ref name="NYU"/>
*''[[Gideon the Ninth]]'' by Tansyn Muir is a science fantasy book that had references taken from popular internet memes and quotes.<ref name="Substack">{{cite web|url=https://allthingsgeek.substack.com/p/the-5-best-pop-culture-fiction|title=The 5 Best Pop Culture Fiction|website=[[Substack]]|author=Mountain, John|date=23 August 2023 }} August 23, 2023</ref>
* [[Roald Dahl]]'s ''[[Revolting Rhymes]]'' and ''[[Rhyme Stew]]'' are pastiches on famous fairy tales, written in rhyme.
*''[[Gideon the Ninth]]'' by Tansyn Muir is a science fantasy book that had references taken from popular internet memes and quotes.<ref name="Substack">{{cite web|url=https://allthingsgeek.substack.com/p/the-5-best-pop-culture-fiction|title=The 5 Best Pop Culture Fiction|website=[[Substack]]|author=Mountain, John|date=August 23, 2023 }} August 23, 2023</ref>
* ''[[Fangirl (novel)|Fangirl]]'' by [[Rainbow Rowell]] is a coming-of-age novel featuring the relationships of the Avery siblings, two individuals who are writers and fans of fantasy books. The book known for its use of references from the fantasy genre, such as bookending chapters with the titles of many famous fantasy series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/books/best-sci-fi-fantasy-books-pop-culture-fandom/|title=The Best Sci-fi and Fantasy Books About Pop Culture Fandom|website=[[Den of Geek]]|author=Zutter, Natalie|date=23 July 2022 }} August 23, 2023</ref>
* ''[[Fangirl (novel)|Fangirl]]'' by [[Rainbow Rowell]] is a coming-of-age novel featuring the relationships of the Avery siblings, two individuals who are writers and fans of fantasy books. The book is known for its use of references from the fantasy genre, such as bookending chapters with the titles of many famous fantasy series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/books/best-sci-fi-fantasy-books-pop-culture-fandom/|title=The Best Sci-fi and Fantasy Books About Pop Culture Fandom|website=[[Den of Geek]]|author=Zutter, Natalie|date=July 23, 2022 }} August 23, 2023</ref>


===List of pop culture fiction authors===
===List of pop culture fiction authors===
*[[Bret Easton Ellis]]
*[[Bret Easton Ellis]]
⚫
*Chris Fox
*[[Ernest Cline]]
*[[Ernest Cline]]
*[[Louis Bulaong]]
*[[Louis Bulaong]]
⚫
*Chris Fox


===Notable pop culture fiction films===
===Notable pop culture fiction films===
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*''[[Young Frankenstein]]'' (1974)<ref name="audienceswouldntunderstand"/>
*''[[Young Frankenstein]]'' (1974)<ref name="audienceswouldntunderstand"/>
*''[[Monty Python and the Holy Grail]]'' (1975) satirizing [[epic film|epic cinema]]<ref name="pythonsholygrail">[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/04/how-monty-python-and-the-holy-grail-influenced-cinema-by-satirizing-it/390195/ How 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail' Influenced Film By Satirizing It - The Atlantic]</ref>
*''[[Monty Python and the Holy Grail]]'' (1975) satirizing [[epic film|epic cinema]]<ref name="pythonsholygrail">[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/04/how-monty-python-and-the-holy-grail-influenced-cinema-by-satirizing-it/390195/ How 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail' Influenced Film By Satirizing It - The Atlantic]</ref>
*''[[Coonskin (film)|Coonskin]]'' (1975) is a [[blaxploitation]] film parody, satirizing stereotypes of African-Americans, the majority found in Hollywood movies. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/bakshi.htm|title=Ralph Bakshi|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
*''[[Life of Brian]]'' (1979) satirized Biblical epic cinema<ref name="pythonsholygrail"/>
*''[[Life of Brian]]'' (1979) satirized Biblical epic cinema<ref name="pythonsholygrail"/>
*''[[Airplane!]]'' (1980)<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*''[[Airplane!]]'' (1980)<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*''[[Spaceballs]]'' (1987)<ref name="audienceswouldntunderstand">[https://screenrant.com/10-mel-brooks-jokes-modern-audiences-wouldnt-understand/ 10 Mel Brooks Jokes Modern Audiences Wouldn't Understand]</ref>
*''[[Spaceballs]]'' (1987)<ref name="audienceswouldntunderstand">[https://screenrant.com/10-mel-brooks-jokes-modern-audiences-wouldnt-understand/ 10 Mel Brooks Jokes Modern Audiences Wouldn't Understand]</ref>
⚫
*''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' (1988)<ref>[https://www.cbr.com/who-framed-roger-rabbit-drawn-that-way-unknown-facts/ Drawn That Way: 10 Behind The Scenes Facts About Who Framed Roger Rabbit - CBR]</ref>
* ''[[I'm Gonna Git You Sucka]]'' (1988) is a parody and pastiche on [[blaxploitation film]]s. <ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/im-gonna-git-you-sucka-vm451660</ref>
⚫
*''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' (1988), a homage to the [[Golden Age of American Animation]], referencing specific situations typical for classic Hollywood cartoons and featuring cameos of dozens of famous cartoon characters, all officially licensed. <ref>[https://www.cbr.com/who-framed-roger-rabbit-drawn-that-way-unknown-facts/ Drawn That Way: 10 Behind The Scenes Facts About Who Framed Roger Rabbit - CBR]</ref>
*''[[Army of Darkness]]'' (1992)<ref name="tasteofcinema.com"/>
*''[[Army of Darkness]]'' (1992)<ref name="tasteofcinema.com"/>
*''[[True Romance]]'' (1993)<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*''[[True Romance]]'' (1993)<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*''[[Clerks (film)|Clerks]]'' (1994)<ref name="kevinsmithsstyle">[https://screenrant.com/clerks-ways-established-kevin-smith-style-filmmaking/ Clerks: 10 Ways It Established Kevin Smith's Style|ScreenRant]</ref>
*''[[Clerks (film)|Clerks]]'' (1994)<ref name="kevinsmithsstyle">[https://screenrant.com/clerks-ways-established-kevin-smith-style-filmmaking/ Clerks: 10 Ways It Established Kevin Smith's Style|ScreenRant]</ref>
*''[[Pulp Fiction (film)|Pulp Fiction]]'' (1994), the critically beloved [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]-winning multi-genre film that from drew numerous aspects of popular culture. Tarantino describe this film as taking tired old clichés from pulp stories and giving them a new twist. <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140514-how-pulp-fiction-shook-up-film Pulp Fiction at 20: How a phenomenon was born - BBC Culture]</ref><ref name="tasteofcinema.com"/>
*''[[Pulp Fiction (film)|Pulp Fiction]]'' (1994), the critically beloved [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]-winning multi-genre film that drew numerous aspects of popular culture.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20140514-how-pulp-fiction-shook-up-film Pulp Fiction at 20: How a phenomenon was born - BBC Culture]</ref><ref name="tasteofcinema.com"/>
*''[[Scream (1996 film)|Scream]]'' (1996)<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*''[[Scream (1996 film)|Scream]]'' (1996)<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*''[[Swingers (1996 film)|Swingers]]'' (1996)<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>[https://www.austinchronicle.com/screens/2001-07-27/82498/ Double Down: Jon Favreau and Vince Vaughn Take Another Swing With 'Made' - Screens - The Austin Chronicle]</ref>
*''[[Swingers (1996 film)|Swingers]]'' (1996)<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>[https://www.austinchronicle.com/screens/2001-07-27/82498/ Double Down: Jon Favreau and Vince Vaughn Take Another Swing With 'Made' - Screens - The Austin Chronicle]</ref>
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*The aforementioned ''American Psycho'' (2000) and ''Ready Player One'' (2018)
*The aforementioned ''American Psycho'' (2000) and ''Ready Player One'' (2018)
*''[[Space Jam: A New Legacy]]'' (2021)<ref>[https://www.gq.com/story/space-jam-a-new-legacy-every-intellectual-property-cameo Every Piece of IP That Appears in Space Jam: A New Legacy|GQ]</ref>
*''[[Space Jam: A New Legacy]]'' (2021)<ref>[https://www.gq.com/story/space-jam-a-new-legacy-every-intellectual-property-cameo Every Piece of IP That Appears in Space Jam: A New Legacy|GQ]</ref>
*''[[Free Guy]]'' (2021)<ref name="Substack"/>
*''[[Free Guy]]'' (2021)<ref name="Substack"/><ref name="NYU"/>
*''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (film)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' (2022), a live-action film adaptation of the Disney Afternoon series of the same name taking place over 3 decades after the show ended.<ref>{{cite web|last=Price|first=Joe|date=May 20, 2022|url=https://www.complex.com/music/post-malone-chip-n-dale-rescue-rangers-theme-song|title=Listen to Post Malone's Theme Song for New 'Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers' Movie|publisher=[[Complex Networks]]|access-date=May 20, 2022|archive-date=May 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522072256/https://www.complex.com/music/post-malone-chip-n-dale-rescue-rangers-theme-song|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (film)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' (2022)<ref>{{cite web|last=Price|first=Joe|date=May 20, 2022|url=https://www.complex.com/music/post-malone-chip-n-dale-rescue-rangers-theme-song|title=Listen to Post Malone's Theme Song for New 'Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers' Movie|publisher=[[Complex Networks]]|access-date=May 20, 2022|archive-date=May 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522072256/https://www.complex.com/music/post-malone-chip-n-dale-rescue-rangers-theme-song|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''[[Once Upon a Studio]]'' (2023)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/once-upon-a-studio-trailer-disney/ |title='Once Upon a Studio' Trailer Celebrates 100 Years of Disney Magic |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |last=Mccall |first=Kevin |date=2023-09-21 |access-date=2023-09-21}}</ref><ref name="meetthecharacters">{{cite web|url=https://d23.com/meet-the-characters-of-disney-animations-once-upon-a-studio/|title=Meet the Characters of Disney Animation's ''Once Upon a Studio''|first=Bruce C.|last=Steele|work=D23|date=October 10, 2023|accessdate=October 10, 2023}}</ref><ref name="variety">{{Cite web |last=Croll |first=Ben |date=June 11, 2023 |title=Annecy Opens on Note of Artistic Defiance as Disney Premieres Centenary Short ''Once Upon a Studio'' |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/festivals/annecy-opening-disney-centenary-short-sirocco-1235640168/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622133614/https://variety.com/2023/film/festivals/annecy-opening-disney-centenary-short-sirocco-1235640168/ |archive-date=June 22, 2023 |website=Variety}}</ref>
*''[[Once Upon a Studio]]'' (2023)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/once-upon-a-studio-trailer-disney/ |title='Once Upon a Studio' Trailer Celebrates 100 Years of Disney Magic |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |last=Mccall |first=Kevin |date=2023-09-21 |access-date=2023-09-21}}</ref><ref name="meetthecharacters">{{cite web|url=https://d23.com/meet-the-characters-of-disney-animations-once-upon-a-studio/|title=Meet the Characters of Disney Animation's ''Once Upon a Studio''|first=Bruce C.|last=Steele|work=D23|date=October 10, 2023|accessdate=October 10, 2023}}</ref><ref name="variety">{{Cite web |last=Croll |first=Ben |date=June 11, 2023 |title=Annecy Opens on Note of Artistic Defiance as Disney Premieres Centenary Short ''Once Upon a Studio'' |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/festivals/annecy-opening-disney-centenary-short-sirocco-1235640168/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622133614/https://variety.com/2023/film/festivals/annecy-opening-disney-centenary-short-sirocco-1235640168/ |archive-date=June 22, 2023 |website=Variety}}</ref>
*''[[Wish (film)|Wish]]'' (2023)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/disney-wish-movie-easter-eggs-references-nods-centennial-classic-animation-211715564.html |website=[[Yahoo]] |last=Polowy |first=Kevin |date=2023-11-15 |access-date=2023-11-25|title=As Disney turns 100, 'Wish' filmmakers stacked new animated movie with more than 100 Easter eggs}}</ref>
*''[[Wish (film)|Wish]]'' (2023)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/disney-wish-movie-easter-eggs-references-nods-centennial-classic-animation-211715564.html |website=[[Yahoo]] |last=Polowy |first=Kevin |date=2023-11-15 |access-date=2023-11-25|title=As Disney turns 100, 'Wish' filmmakers stacked new animated movie with more than 100 Easter eggs}}</ref>
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===List of pop culture fiction filmmakers===
===List of pop culture fiction filmmakers===
⚫
*[[Edgar Wright]]<ref>[https://www.rogerebert.com/features/edgar-wright-i-am-a-film-school-reject-twice Edgar Wright: "I am a film school reject. Twice!"|Features|Roger Ebert]</ref>
⚫
*[[Kevin Smith (filmmaker)|Kevin Smith]]<ref name="kevinsmithsstyle"/><ref>[https://www.factinate.com/people/kevin-smith-movies/ Askew Facts About The Films Of Kevin Smith|Fascinate]</ref>
*[[Mel Brooks]]<ref name="audienceswouldntunderstand"/>
*[[Mel Brooks]]<ref name="audienceswouldntunderstand"/>
*[[Quentin Tarantino]]<ref name="tasteofcinema.com"/>
*[[Quentin Tarantino]]<ref name="tasteofcinema.com"/>
*[[Richard Linklater]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*[[Richard Linklater]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
⚫
*[[Edgar Wright]]<ref>[https://www.rogerebert.com/features/edgar-wright-i-am-a-film-school-reject-twice Edgar Wright: "I am a film school reject. Twice!"|Features|Roger Ebert]</ref>
⚫
*[[Kevin Smith (filmmaker)|Kevin Smith]]<ref name="kevinsmithsstyle"/><ref>[https://www.factinate.com/people/kevin-smith-movies/ Askew Facts About The Films Of Kevin Smith|Fascinate]</ref>


===List of pop culture fiction in comic format===
===List of pop culture fiction in comic format===
* In the 1920s, Louis Biedermann made several crossover illustrations and comics featuring famous newspaper comic characters together.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/biedermann_louis.htm|title=Louis Biedermann|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* In the 1930s and 1940s, [[Tijuana Bibles]] were pornographic parodies featuring famous comic book characters and Hollywood stars.
* During World War II, [[Horst Rosenthal]], a Nazi POW camp inmate drew a [[Mickey Mouse]] comic, ''[[Mickey au Camp de Gurs]]'', about Mickey visiting the very camp Rosenthal was imprisoned in. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/r/rosenthal_horst.htm|title=Horst Rosenthal|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* Within [[Al Capp]]'s ''[[Li'l Abner]]'', the ''[[Dick Tracy]]'' parody ''[[Fearless Fosdick]]'' spoofed tropes and clichés of action-packed detective comics. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/c/capp.htm|title=Al Capp|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Harvey Kurtzman]] wrote very thorough parodies of famous comics, novels, films and TV series in ''[[Mad Magazine]]'', often complete with cameos from well-known characters from these media. He not only targeted clichés, but also the shallow writing and marketing strategies behind these media. His satire became the magazine's house style, even after he retired as chief editor. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/k/kurtzman.htm|title=Richard Pakker|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Harvey Kurtzman]] and [[Will Elder]]'s ''[[Goodman Beaver]]'' and ''[[Little Annie Fanny]]'' used twisted versions of ''[[Archie Comics]]'' and ''[[Little Annie Rooney]]''/''[[Little Orphan Annie]]'', to spoof various pop culture phenomena. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/k/kurtzman.htm|title=Richard Pakker|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Mort Walker]] and [[Jerry Dumas]]' ''[[Sam's Strip]]'' was a short-lived comic strip about two characters trying to run a newspaper comic. The series featured several cameos of famous U.S. newspaper comic characters. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/d/dumas_j.htm|title=Jerry Dumas|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Marcel Gotlib]]'s ''[[Les Dingodossiers]]'' and ''[[Rubrique-à-Brac]]'' parodied educational comics, complete with parodies of popular fairy tales, novels, films, comics and TV shows. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/g/gotlib.htm|title=Marcel Gotlib|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* Gaston Durnez and Eduard De Rop made ''De Geschiedenis van Sleenovia'' (1965), a collage comic which was a homage/pastiche to [[Marc Sleen]]'s ''[[The Adventures of Nero]]''. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/d/de-rop_eduard.htm|title=Eduard De Rop|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Robert Crumb]]'s [[underground comix]] magazine ''[[Zap Comix]] (1968)'' is a pastiche of traditional family friendly comic books, but with mature content. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/c/crumb.htm|title=Robert Crumb|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref> Later in his career, he also made other one-shot parodies of specific comic series, sometimes drawn in their distinctive graphic style.
* [[Alexis (comics)|Alexis]] and [[Marcel Gotlib]]'s ''Cinémastock'' spoofed several films, TV series and comics. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/g/gotlib.htm|title=Marcel Gotlib|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* In the final issue of ''[[Bijou Funnies]]'', the contributing comic artists each parodied one of their own [[underground comix]] series. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/l/lynch.htm|title=Jay Lynch|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Milo Manara]]'s ''[[Giuseppe Bergman]]'' is a twist on the typical "adventure story", with a protagonist wondering what he's doing in most of his own narratives. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/manara.htm|title=Milo Manara|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* French comic artist Roger Brunel made several pornographic parody comics since 1978, titled ''Pastiches'', featuring spoofs of famous Franco-Belgian, American and Japanese comic series. In two albums, he brought dozens of characters together into longer narratives, also spoofing clichés of the medium. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/brunel_roger.htm|title=Roger Brunel|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Willy Linthout]] made ''De Zeven van Zeveneken'' (1982), a pastiche of [[Marc Sleen]]'s ''[[The Adventures of Nero]]'', with official permission of Sleen. Linthout also made ''Kuifje en de Vervalsers'' (1982), a comic book spoofing the copyright trial against the ''[[The Adventures of Tintin]]'' sex parody ''Tintin in Switzerland''. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/l/linthout.htm|title=Willy Linthout|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* In ''[[De Kiekeboes]]'' story ''Album 26'', author [[Merho]] parodies several comic book clichés. He spoofed classic Flemish family comics in the story ''Vrouwen Komen Van Mars''. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/merho.htm|title=Merho|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/f/fagard_kristof.htm|title=Kristof Fagard|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Gary Larson]]'s gag cartoon series ''[[The Far Side]]'' often features parodies of famous fairy tales, novels, films, cartoons, comics, TV shows, put into a strange context.
*''[[Scott Pilgrim]]'' which used various 1980s gaming references.<ref name="Kid"/>
*''[[Scott Pilgrim]]'' which used various 1980s gaming references.<ref name="Kid"/>
*[[Warren Ellis|Warren Ellis's]] ''[[Planetary (comics)|Planetary]]''.<ref name="Kid"/>
*[[Warren Ellis|Warren Ellis's]] [[Planetary (comics)|Planetary]].<ref name="Kid"/>
*Outside of Western media, works such as ''[[Hayate The Combat Butler]]'' and ''[[Gin Tama]]'' have also become famous examples.<ref name="Kid"/>
*Outside of Western media, works such as ''[[Hayate The Combat Butler]]'' and ''[[Gin Tama]]'' have also become famous examples.<ref name="Kid"/>
* [[Gary Panter]]'s ''Jimbo in Paradise'', ''Jimbo in Purgatory'', ''Jimbo's Inferno'' and ''Songy of Paradise'' are graphic novels inspired by ''[[The Divine Comedy]]'' and ''[[Paradise Lost]]'', referencing various films, musical records and pop culture characters & celebrities in the narratives. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/p/panter.htm|title=Gary Panter|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Alan Moore]] and [[Dave Gibbons]]' ''[[Watchmen]]'' is a superhero story which dismantles the naïvité and innocence of [[superhero comics]], giving it a more mature and philosophical spin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/moore_alan.htm|title=Alan Moore|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Art Spiegelman]]'s ''[[In the Shadow of No Towers]]'' (2004) reflects on Spiegelman's personal experiences during and in the aftermath of the [[9/11 attacks|terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001]]. Since classic newspaper comics were the only thing to offer him escapism, he gives these characters cameos in his narrative, providing satirical commentary. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/spiegelman.htm|title=Art Spiegelman|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Anton Kannemeyer]]'s ''Pappa in Afrika'' (2010) is a satirical parody of ''[[Tintin in Africa]]''. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/k/kannemeyer_anton.htm|title=Anton Kannemeyer|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
* Belgian comic artist Tom Bouden made the comic book ''Paniek in Stripland (2008)'', which spoofs typical comic book clichés and features cameos from dozens of famous and more obscure Belgian comic book characters. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/bouden_tom.htm|title=Tom Bouden|website=Lambiek.net|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref> His follow-up ''Op Het Spoor van Pom'' (2011) is a pastiche of [[Pom (comics)|Pom]]'s ''[[Piet Pienter en Bert Bibber]]'', made with permission by Pom himself.


===List of pop culture fiction in television===
===List of pop culture fiction in television===
⚫
*''[[Saturday Morning All Star Hits!]]''<ref name=decider>{{cite web | url=https://decider.com/2021/12/10/saturday-morning-all-star-hits-netflix-review/ | first=Joel | last=Keller | title=Stream It Or Skip It: 'Saturday Morning All-Star Hits!' On Netflix, Kyle Mooney's Twisted Tribute To Kids Show Lineups Of The '80s And '90s | publisher=[[Decider (website)|Decider]] | date=December 10, 2021 | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nathanrabin.com/happy-place/2022/1/10/the-obsessive-specific-brilliance-of-saturday-morning-all-star-hits The Obsessive Brilliance of Saturday Morning All Star Hits! – Nathan Rabin's Happy Place]</ref>
⚫
*The aforementioned ''Mystery Science Theater 3000''<ref name="preinternetwebseries">[https://www.statesman.com/story/news/2017/04/14/returning-mystery-science-theater-3000-was-a-pre-internet-web-series/10096731007/ Returning 'Mystery Science Theater 3000' was a pre-Internet web series - Austin American-Statesman]</ref>
*''[[Animaniacs]]''<ref>[https://screenrant.com/animaniacs-funniest-adult-references-missed/ Animaniacs: 10 Funniest References You Didn't Get As A Kid - Screen Rant]</ref>
*''[[Animaniacs]]''<ref>[https://screenrant.com/animaniacs-funniest-adult-references-missed/ Animaniacs: 10 Funniest References You Didn't Get As A Kid - Screen Rant]</ref>
*''[[Arrested Development]]''<ref>[https://uproxx.com/tv/the-20-most-obscure-arrested-development-pop-culture-references/ The 20 Most Obscure ‘Arrested Development’ Pop Culture References - UPROXX]</ref>
*''[[Seinfeld]]''<ref>[https://screenrant.com/seinfeld-pop-culture-news-references-new-fans-wont-get/ Seinfeld: 10 Pop Culture References New Fans Won't Understand - Screen Rant]</ref>
⚫
*''[[WandaVision]]''<ref>[https://ew.com/tv/wandavision-easter-eggs-references/ All the WandaVision Easter eggs you may have missed, from sitcom references to comics callbacks|EW.com]</ref>
*''[[Community (TV series)|Community]]''<ref>[https://collider.com/pop-culture-references-community/ 10 Best Pop Culture References In 'Community' - Collider]</ref>
*''[[Community (TV series)|Community]]''<ref>[https://collider.com/pop-culture-references-community/ 10 Best Pop Culture References In 'Community' - Collider]</ref>
*''[[Family Guy]]''<ref>[https://www.wired.com/2011/11/family-guy-something-something-something-anniversary-giveaway/ Family Guy "Something, Something, Something Anniversary" Giveaway|WIRED]</ref>
*''[[Stranger Things]]''<ref>[https://www.vulture.com/article/stranger-things-4-80s-pop-culture-references.html Stranger Things 4's Most Significant '80s References - Vulture]</ref>
*''[[Arrested Development]]''<ref>[https://uproxx.com/tv/the-20-most-obscure-arrested-development-pop-culture-references/ The 20 Most Obscure ‘Arrested Development’ Pop Culture References - UPROXX]</ref>
*''[[Futurama]]''<ref>[https://gamerant.com/futurama-return-sci-fi-references-wishlist/ The Sci-Fi References We'd Love To See In Futurama's Return - Game Rant]</ref>
*''[[Futurama]]''<ref>[https://gamerant.com/futurama-return-sci-fi-references-wishlist/ The Sci-Fi References We'd Love To See In Futurama's Return - Game Rant]</ref>
⚫
*''[[The Simpsons]]''<ref>[https://screenrant.com/the-simpsons-pop-culture-references-aged-perfectly/ The Simpsons: 10 Old Pop Culture References That Still Aged Perfectly - Screen Rant]</ref>
⚫
*The aforementioned ''Mystery Science Theater 3000''<ref name="preinternetwebseries">[https://www.statesman.com/story/news/2017/04/14/returning-mystery-science-theater-3000-was-a-pre-internet-web-series/10096731007/ Returning 'Mystery Science Theater 3000' was a pre-Internet web series - Austin American-Statesman]</ref>
*''[[Rick and Morty]]''<ref>[https://time.com/4868184/rick-morty-easter-eggs/ All the Rick and Morty Easter Eggs You Missed in Seasons One and Two|TIME]</ref>
*''[[Rick and Morty]]''<ref>[https://time.com/4868184/rick-morty-easter-eggs/ All the Rick and Morty Easter Eggs You Missed in Seasons One and Two|TIME]</ref>
⚫
*''[[Saturday Morning All Star Hits!]]''<ref name=decider>{{cite web | url=https://decider.com/2021/12/10/saturday-morning-all-star-hits-netflix-review/ | first=Joel | last=Keller | title=Stream It Or Skip It: 'Saturday Morning All-Star Hits!' On Netflix, Kyle Mooney's Twisted Tribute To Kids Show Lineups Of The '80s And '90s | publisher=[[Decider (website)|Decider]] | date=December 10, 2021 | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nathanrabin.com/happy-place/2022/1/10/the-obsessive-specific-brilliance-of-saturday-morning-all-star-hits The Obsessive Brilliance of Saturday Morning All Star Hits! – Nathan Rabin's Happy Place]</ref>
*''[[Seinfeld]]''<ref>[https://screenrant.com/seinfeld-pop-culture-news-references-new-fans-wont-get/ Seinfeld: 10 Pop Culture References New Fans Won't Understand - Screen Rant]</ref>
⚫
*''[[The Simpsons]]''<ref>[https://screenrant.com/the-simpsons-pop-culture-references-aged-perfectly/ The Simpsons: 10 Old Pop Culture References That Still Aged Perfectly - Screen Rant]</ref>
*''[[South Park]]''<ref>[https://www.tastefullyoffensive.com/2017/01/the-philosophy-of-south-park-references/ The Philosophy of ‘South Park’ References - Tastefully Offensive]</ref>
*''[[South Park]]''<ref>[https://www.tastefullyoffensive.com/2017/01/the-philosophy-of-south-park-references/ The Philosophy of ‘South Park’ References - Tastefully Offensive]</ref>
*''[[Stranger Things]]''<ref>[https://www.vulture.com/article/stranger-things-4-80s-pop-culture-references.html Stranger Things 4's Most Significant '80s References - Vulture]</ref>
*''[[Family Guy]]''<ref>[https://www.wired.com/2011/11/family-guy-something-something-something-anniversary-giveaway/ Family Guy "Something, Something, Something Anniversary" Giveaway|WIRED]</ref>
⚫
*''[[WandaVision]]''<ref>[https://ew.com/tv/wandavision-easter-eggs-references/ All the WandaVision Easter eggs you may have missed, from sitcom references to comics callbacks|EW.com]</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 133: Line 107:
{{Film genres}}
{{Film genres}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Pop culture fiction}}
[[Category:Speculative fiction]]
[[Category:Speculative fiction]]
[[Category:Genres]]
[[Category:Genres]]

Latest revision as of 03:57, 7 May 2024

Chris Fox’s Dark Lord Bert, an example of a pop culture fiction.

Pop culture fiction is a genre of fiction where stories are written intentionally to be filled with references from other works and media.[1][2][3] Stories in this genre are focused solely on using popular culture references.[4]

Criteria[edit]

Some works in the genre use pop culture references to elicit nostalgia among its consumers, while other examples have the whole setting and universe themselves built upon and revolves around pop cultural references (sometimes even relying on well-known and/or obscure pop culture references as humor as in the case of the cult TV series Mystery Science Theater 3000).[1][5][6][7][8] Pop culture fiction doesn't just reference one or two titles, but works under this genre reference several titles across different genres and media.[9][4]

Many types of postmodern works and modern-day homage, metafiction, satires and parodies fall under this category.[1][4] But unlike more typically comedic satires and parodies, pop culture fiction contains depth and serious themes, with many even garnering critical acclaim.[9] Many stories inspired by games and geek culture have also been examples.[10] According to author Gary Westfahl, works under this genre demand an "aura of immaturity, of incompleteness, while projecting no pretenses."[11]

This genre should not be confused with Pop culture non-fiction, which are researches, encyclopedias, and other academic works focused on the study and analysis of pop culture, rather than stories centered around pop culture references.[12][13]

Examples[edit]

Notable pop culture fiction books[edit]

List of pop culture fiction authors[edit]

Notable pop culture fiction films[edit]

List of pop culture fiction filmmakers[edit]

List of pop culture fiction in comic format[edit]

List of pop culture fiction in television[edit]

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Kidd, Dustin. Pop Culture Freaks: Identity, Mass Media, and Society. Routledge; 2nd Edition (Updated: August 2020). pp. 143–145. ISBN 978-0813350875. Excerpt
  2. ^ a b Pickard, Kevin (19 January 2016). "Should Fiction Be Timeless? Pop Culture References in Contemporary Novels". Electric Lit. January 19, 2016
  3. ^ Editorial. "Popular Culture in Literature". Enotes. May 5, 2015
  4. ^ a b c d e Sweden, Stephen R. (12 November 2022). "Pop Culture in Literature: Styles, Themes, and Genres". New York University.
  5. ^ a b Alexander, Jonathan. The Uses and Abuses of Pop Culture in Ready Player One and Grandmother's Gold (July 7, 2020)
  6. ^ a b Martin, Emily (3 April 2018). "CAN'T GET ENOUGH RP1? TRY THESE 25 BOOKS LIKE READY PLAYER ONE". Book Riot. April 3, 2018
  7. ^ Jubas, Kaela (16 March 2015). "Profs explore what pop culture fiction teaches us about health care". University of Calgary. March 24, 2017
  8. ^ a b Returning 'Mystery Science Theater 3000' was a pre-Internet web series - Austin American-Statesman
  9. ^ a b c d e Mountain, John (23 August 2023). "The 5 Best Pop Culture Fiction". Substack. August 23, 2023
  10. ^ a b Almond, John (8 July 2021). "The Dark Lord Bert: A Quirky Video Game Literature". Gonevis. July 8, 2021
  11. ^ Westfahl, Gary. Science Fiction, Children's Literature, and Popular Culture: Coming of Age in Fantasyland. Praeger; 1st Edition (April 30, 2000). pp. xi–xii. ISBN 978-0313308475
  12. ^ Malatesta, Mark (10 February 2019). "Pop Culture Definition – Complete List of Book Genres". Book Genre. February 10, 2019
  13. ^ What is “Pop Culture Narrative Nonfiction”?
  14. ^ a b c d e f g The 10 Best Movies That Are Full of Pop Culture References - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  15. ^ Hannigan, Carl. "Otaku Girl (Book Review): Where Memes and Literature Mix". Voice Media Group. July 1, 2021
  16. ^ Zutter, Natalie (23 July 2022). "The Best Sci-fi and Fantasy Books About Pop Culture Fandom". Den of Geek. August 23, 2023
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k The 10 Best Movies That Are Full of Pop Culture References - Taste of Cinema
  18. ^ a b c 10 Mel Brooks Jokes Modern Audiences Wouldn't Understand
  19. ^ a b How 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail' Influenced Film By Satirizing It - The Atlantic
  20. ^ Drawn That Way: 10 Behind The Scenes Facts About Who Framed Roger Rabbit - CBR
  21. ^ a b Clerks: 10 Ways It Established Kevin Smith's Style|ScreenRant
  22. ^ Pulp Fiction at 20: How a phenomenon was born - BBC Culture
  23. ^ Double Down: Jon Favreau and Vince Vaughn Take Another Swing With 'Made' - Screens - The Austin Chronicle
  24. ^ Hoffman, Jordan (July 23, 2014). "'Galaxy Quest': The Oral History". MTV.com. MTV Networks (Viacom International Inc.). Retrieved March 11, 2015.
  25. ^ Ted movie review & film summary (2012)|Roger Ebert
  26. ^ Every Piece of IP That Appears in Space Jam: A New Legacy|GQ
  27. ^ Price, Joe (May 20, 2022). "Listen to Post Malone's Theme Song for New 'Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers' Movie". Complex Networks. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  28. ^ Mccall, Kevin (2023-09-21). "'Once Upon a Studio' Trailer Celebrates 100 Years of Disney Magic". Collider. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
  29. ^ Steele, Bruce C. (October 10, 2023). "Meet the Characters of Disney Animation's Once Upon a Studio". D23. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  30. ^ Croll, Ben (June 11, 2023). "Annecy Opens on Note of Artistic Defiance as Disney Premieres Centenary Short Once Upon a Studio". Variety. Archived from the original on June 22, 2023.
  31. ^ Polowy, Kevin (2023-11-15). "As Disney turns 100, 'Wish' filmmakers stacked new animated movie with more than 100 Easter eggs". Yahoo. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  32. ^ SPIDER-MAN: INTO THE SPIDER-VERSE EASTER EGGS AND FUN FACTS|Rotten Tomatoes
  33. ^ Edgar Wright: "I am a film school reject. Twice!"|Features|Roger Ebert
  34. ^ Askew Facts About The Films Of Kevin Smith|Fascinate
  35. ^ Keller, Joel (December 10, 2021). "Stream It Or Skip It: 'Saturday Morning All-Star Hits!' On Netflix, Kyle Mooney's Twisted Tribute To Kids Show Lineups Of The '80s And '90s". Decider. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  36. ^ The Obsessive Brilliance of Saturday Morning All Star Hits! – Nathan Rabin's Happy Place
  37. ^ Animaniacs: 10 Funniest References You Didn't Get As A Kid - Screen Rant
  38. ^ Seinfeld: 10 Pop Culture References New Fans Won't Understand - Screen Rant
  39. ^ All the WandaVision Easter eggs you may have missed, from sitcom references to comics callbacks|EW.com
  40. ^ 10 Best Pop Culture References In 'Community' - Collider
  41. ^ Stranger Things 4's Most Significant '80s References - Vulture
  42. ^ The 20 Most Obscure ‘Arrested Development’ Pop Culture References - UPROXX
  43. ^ The Sci-Fi References We'd Love To See In Futurama's Return - Game Rant
  44. ^ The Simpsons: 10 Old Pop Culture References That Still Aged Perfectly - Screen Rant
  45. ^ All the Rick and Morty Easter Eggs You Missed in Seasons One and Two|TIME
  46. ^ The Philosophy of ‘South Park’ References - Tastefully Offensive
  47. ^ Family Guy "Something, Something, Something Anniversary" Giveaway|WIRED
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