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{{short description|Coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a polity}}
{{short description|Coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a polity}}
'''Plurinationality''', '''plurinational''', or '''plurinationalism''' also called '''pluralistic nationalism''' is defined as the coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a [[polity]]<ref name=Pluri/> (an organized community or body of peoples<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/polity polity], dictionary.reference.com</ref>). In plurinationalism, the idea of [[nationality]] is plural, meaning there are many [[Nation|national]]s within an organized community or body of peoples. Derived from this concept, a '''plurinational state''' is the existence of multiple political communities and constitutional asymmetry. The usage of plurinationality assists in avoiding the division of societies within a state or country. Furthermore, a '''plurinational democracy''' recognizes the multiple [[Glossary of rhetorical terms#D|demoi]] (common people or populace)<ref name=FD>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Demoi demos], thefreedictionary.com</ref> within a polity.<ref name=Pluri>Keating, Michael. [http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/FileStore/EuropeanisationFiles/Filetoupload,38424,en.pdf Plurinational Democracy in a Post-Sovereign Order] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110558/http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/FileStore/EuropeanisationFiles/Filetoupload,38424,en.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}, Queen's Papers on Europeanisation No 1/2002</ref> Reportedly the term has its origin in the Indigenous political movement in [[Bolivia]] where it was first heard of in the early 1980s.<ref name=quarterly>{{Cite magazine |title=Chile Could Become "Plurinational." What Does That Mean? |date=2022-08-29 |magazine=[[Americas Quarterly]] |url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/chile-could-become-plurinational-what-does-that-mean/ |last=Burns |first=Nick |access-date=2022-09-03 |publication-date=}}</ref> As of 2022 Bolivia and [[Ecuador]] are constitutionally defined as plurinational states.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Contentious Vote in Chile That Could Transform Indigenous Rights |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/02/world/americas/chile-constitution-vote-indigenous.html |last=Lankes |first=Ana |date=2022-09-02 |access-date=2022-09-24 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
'''Plurinationality''', '''plurinational''', or '''plurinationalism''' is defined as the coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a [[polity]]<ref name=Pluri/> (an organized community or body of peoples<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/polity polity], dictionary.reference.com</ref>). In plurinationalism, the idea of [[nationality]] is plural, meaning there are many [[Nation|national]]s within an organized community or body of peoples. Derived from this concept, a '''plurinational state''' is the existence of multiple political communities and constitutional asymmetry. The usage of plurinationality assists in avoiding the division of societies within a state or country. Furthermore, a '''plurinational democracy''' recognizes the multiple [[Glossary of rhetorical terms#D|demoi]] (common people or populace)<ref name=FD>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Demoi demos], thefreedictionary.com</ref> within a polity.<ref name=Pluri>Keating, Michael. [http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/FileStore/EuropeanisationFiles/Filetoupload,38424,en.pdf Plurinational Democracy in a Post-Sovereign Order] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110558/http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/FileStore/EuropeanisationFiles/Filetoupload,38424,en.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}, Queen's Papers on Europeanisation No 1/2002</ref> Reportedly the term has its origin in the Indigenous political movement in [[Bolivia]] where it was first heard of in the early 1980s.<ref name=quarterly>{{Cite magazine |title=Chile Could Become "Plurinational." What Does That Mean? |date=2022-08-29 |magazine=[[Americas Quarterly]] |url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/chile-could-become-plurinational-what-does-that-mean/ |last=Burns |first=Nick |access-date=2022-09-03 |publication-date=}}</ref> As of 2022 Bolivia and [[Ecuador]] are constitutionally defined as plurinational states.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Contentious Vote in Chile That Could Transform Indigenous Rights |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/02/world/americas/chile-constitution-vote-indigenous.html |last=Lankes |first=Ana |date=2022-09-02 |access-date=2022-09-24 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

Plurinational states are similar to [[multinational state]]s, but are particularly often advocated for by [[indigenous peoples]].<ref name="Tremblay Gagnon 2023 pp. 141–153">{{cite book | last=Tremblay | first=Arjun | last2=Gagnon | first2=Alain-G. | title=Teaching Federalism | chapter=Multinational, multicultural, intercultural, and plurinational federalism | publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing | date=2023-01-03 | isbn=978-1-80088-532-5 | doi=10.4337/9781800885325.00021 | page=141–153}}</ref>


==Plurinationalism in Chile==
==Plurinationalism in Chile==
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*[[Pillarisation]]
*[[Pillarisation]]
*[[Plurinational State of Bolivia]]
*[[Plurinational State of Bolivia]]
*[[Transnationalism]]
*[[Unitary state]]
*[[Unitary state]]


Latest revision as of 12:15, 7 May 2024

Plurinationality, plurinational, or plurinationalism is defined as the coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a polity[1] (an organized community or body of peoples[2]). In plurinationalism, the idea of nationality is plural, meaning there are many nationals within an organized community or body of peoples. Derived from this concept, a plurinational state is the existence of multiple political communities and constitutional asymmetry. The usage of plurinationality assists in avoiding the division of societies within a state or country. Furthermore, a plurinational democracy recognizes the multiple demoi (common people or populace)[3] within a polity.[1] Reportedly the term has its origin in the Indigenous political movement in Bolivia where it was first heard of in the early 1980s.[4] As of 2022 Bolivia and Ecuador are constitutionally defined as plurinational states.[5]

Plurinational states are similar to multinational states, but are particularly often advocated for by indigenous peoples.[6]

Plurinationalism in Chile[edit]

In Chile constitutional plurinationalism has been a topic of debate. Plurinationalism was not a concept in the constitutional reforms proposed by Michelle Bachelet's second government (2014–2018), yet the proposed reforms included recognition of Chile's indigenous peoples.[7] The 2022 proposed Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile defined Chile as "plurinational", however this proposal was rejected by a large margin in September 2022.[4][8] Prior to the dismissal of the proposed constitution the issue of pluranationalism was noted by polls and El País as particularly divisive in Chile.[9] The creation of a "plurinational region" in southern Chile has been proposed by some scholars and activists as a solution to the Mapuche conflict.[10]

Plurinationalism has been criticized by José Rodríguez Elizondo as being used to advance Bolivian claims against Chile for sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean.[11]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Keating, Michael. Plurinational Democracy in a Post-Sovereign Order Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Queen's Papers on Europeanisation No 1/2002
  2. ^ polity, dictionary.reference.com
  3. ^ demos, thefreedictionary.com
  4. ^ a b Burns, Nick (2022-08-29). "Chile Could Become "Plurinational." What Does That Mean?". Americas Quarterly. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
  5. ^ Lankes, Ana (2022-09-02). "The Contentious Vote in Chile That Could Transform Indigenous Rights". The New York Times. Retrieved 2022-09-24.
  6. ^ Tremblay, Arjun; Gagnon, Alain-G. (2023-01-03). "Multinational, multicultural, intercultural, and plurinational federalism". Teaching Federalism. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 141–153. doi:10.4337/9781800885325.00021. ISBN 978-1-80088-532-5.
  7. ^ Soto Martínez, Víctor (2019-11-29). Análisis comparativo entre la Constitución vigente y el proyecto de reforma constitucional de Michelle Bachelet (Report) (in Spanish). Vol. 155–19. Library of Congress of Chile.
  8. ^ Vanessa Buschschlüter. "Chile constitution: Voters overwhelmingly reject radical change". BBC News. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  9. ^ Montes, Rocío (2022-08-31). "El debate sobre el reconocimiento del "Estado plurinacional" divide a los chilenos". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-24.
  10. ^ Marimán, José; Valenzuela, Esteban (2015). "El nuevo ciclo de movilización mapuche en Chile: la emergencia de la CAM y el proyecto autonomista para una región plurinacional" [The new cycle of mapuche mobilization in Chile: the emergence of the CAM and the project for a plurinational autonomy region]. Araucaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofía, Política y Humanidades (in Spanish) (34): 279–301.
  11. ^ Bruna, Roberto (2022-07-18). "Diplomático José Rodríguez Elizondo teme que la plurinacionalidad sea funcional a la estrategia marítima boliviana". El Mostrador (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-21.

Further reading[edit]

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