Plurinationalism: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a polity}} |
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'''Plurinationality''', '''plurinational''', or '''plurinationalism''' is defined as the coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a [[polity]]<ref name=Pluri/> (an organized community or body of peoples<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/polity polity], dictionary.reference.com</ref>). |
'''Plurinationality''', '''plurinational''', or '''plurinationalism''' is defined as the coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a [[polity]]<ref name=Pluri/> (an organized community or body of peoples<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/polity polity], dictionary.reference.com</ref>). In plurinationalism, the idea of [[nationality]] is plural, meaning there are many [[Nation|national]]s within an organized community or body of peoples. Derived from this concept, a '''plurinational state''' is the existence of multiple political communities and constitutional asymmetry. The usage of plurinationality assists in avoiding the division of societies within a state or country. Furthermore, a '''plurinational democracy''' recognizes the multiple [[Glossary of rhetorical terms#D|demoi]] (common people or populace)<ref name=FD>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Demoi demos], thefreedictionary.com</ref> within a polity.<ref name=Pluri>Keating, Michael. [http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/FileStore/EuropeanisationFiles/Filetoupload,38424,en.pdf Plurinational Democracy in a Post-Sovereign Order] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110558/http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/FileStore/EuropeanisationFiles/Filetoupload,38424,en.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}, Queen's Papers on Europeanisation No 1/2002</ref> Reportedly the term has its origin in the Indigenous political movement in [[Bolivia]] where it was first heard of in the early 1980s.<ref name=quarterly>{{Cite magazine |title=Chile Could Become "Plurinational." What Does That Mean? |date=2022-08-29 |magazine=[[Americas Quarterly]] |url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/chile-could-become-plurinational-what-does-that-mean/ |last=Burns |first=Nick |access-date=2022-09-03 |publication-date=}}</ref> As of 2022 Bolivia and [[Ecuador]] are constitutionally defined as plurinational states.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Contentious Vote in Chile That Could Transform Indigenous Rights |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/02/world/americas/chile-constitution-vote-indigenous.html |last=Lankes |first=Ana |date=2022-09-02 |access-date=2022-09-24 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> |
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Plurinational states are similar to [[multinational state]]s, but are particularly often advocated for by [[indigenous peoples]].<ref name="Tremblay Gagnon 2023 pp. 141–153">{{cite book | last=Tremblay | first=Arjun | last2=Gagnon | first2=Alain-G. | title=Teaching Federalism | chapter=Multinational, multicultural, intercultural, and plurinational federalism | publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing | date=2023-01-03 | isbn=978-1-80088-532-5 | doi=10.4337/9781800885325.00021 | page=141–153}}</ref> |
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==Plurinational state== |
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A plurinational state is formed by political and administrative [[decentralization]], wherein the administrative system is culturally [[heterogeneous]] and allows the participation of all the social sectors and groups. The elements of a plurinational state include being [[plural]], redistributive, [[antibureaucratic]], and a [[democracy]] that defends [[solidarity]]. It also has the following additional characteristics: decentralization, [[autonomy]], [[sustainability]], [[Social equality|equality]], and [[multiculturalism|diversity]].<ref name=CONAIE>[http://conaie.nativeweb.org/assembly/assembly4.html The Plurinational State], CONAIE</ref> |
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==Plurinationalism in Chile== |
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In Chile constitutional plurinationalism has been a topic of debate. Plurinationalism was not a concept in the constitutional reforms proposed by [[Michelle Bachelet]]'s second government (2014–2018), yet the proposed reforms included recognition of [[Indigenous peoples in Chile|Chile's indigenous peoples]].<ref>{{Cite report |title=Análisis comparativo entre la Constitución vigente y el proyecto de reforma constitucional de Michelle Bachelet |date=2019-11-29 |last=Soto Martínez |first=Víctor |volume=155-19 |publisher=[[Library of Congress of Chile]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> The [[2022 proposed Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile]] defined Chile as "plurinational", however this proposal was [[2022 Chilean national plebiscite|rejected by a large margin]] in September 2022.<ref name=quarterly/><ref>{{cite web |author1=Vanessa Buschschlüter |title=Chile constitution: Voters overwhelmingly reject radical change |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-62792025 |website=BBC News |access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref> Prior to the dismissal of the proposed constitution the issue of pluranationalism was noted by polls and ''[[El País]]'' as particularly divisive in Chile.<ref>{{Cite news |title=El debate sobre el reconocimiento del "Estado plurinacional" divide a los chilenos |url=https://elpais.com/chile/2022-08-31/la-plurinacionalidad-de-la-nueva-constitucion-no-genera-consenso-entre-los-chilenos.html |last=Montes |first=Rocío |date=2022-08-31 |access-date=2022-09-24 |work=[[El País]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> The creation of a "plurinational region" in southern Chile has been proposed by some scholars and activists as a solution to the [[Mapuche conflict]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=El nuevo ciclo de movilización mapuche en Chile: la emergencia de la CAM y el proyecto autonomista para una región plurinacional |journal=Araucaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofía, Política y Humanidades |last1=Marimán |first1=José |issue=34 |pages=279–301 |last2=Valenzuela |first2=Esteban |year=2015 |language=Spanish |trans-title=The new cycle of mapuche mobilization in Chile: the emergence of the CAM and the project for a plurinational autonomy region}}</ref> |
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Plurinationalism has been criticized by [[José Rodríguez Elizondo]] as being used to advance Bolivian claims against [[Chile]] for sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomático José Rodríguez Elizondo teme que la plurinacionalidad sea funcional a la estrategia marítima boliviana |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2022/07/18/diplomatico-jose-rodriguez-elizondo-teme-que-la-plurinacionalidad-sea-funcional-a-la-estrategia-maritima-boliviana/ |date=2022-07-18 |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=[[El Mostrador]] |last=Bruna |first=Roberto |language=es}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Biculturalism]] |
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*[[Consociationalism]] |
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*[[Federal state]] |
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*[[Multiculturalism]] |
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*[[Multilateralism]] |
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*[[Multinationalism (disambiguation)]] |
*[[Multinationalism (disambiguation)]] |
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*[[National personal autonomy]] |
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*[[Pan-nationalism]] |
*[[Pan-nationalism]] |
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*[[Pillarisation]] |
*[[Pillarisation]] |
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*[[Plurinational State of Bolivia]] |
*[[Plurinational State of Bolivia]] |
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*[[Transnationalism]] |
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*[[Unitary state]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Further |
==Further reading== |
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*Pallares, Amalia. [ |
*Pallares, Amalia. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MceiYzYfFjwC&dq=plurinationalism&pg=PA184 The Politics of Disruption], From Pluriculturalism to Plurinationalism, From peasant struggles to Indian resistance: the Ecuadorian Andes in the late twentieth century, University of Oklahoma Press, 2002, 272 pages |
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*MacDonald, Jr., Theodore. [ |
*MacDonald, Jr., Theodore. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:L7US06Y8ZPUJ:isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic228815.files/Week_14/EcuadorPaper_May_01_Final_and_Post.doc+plurinationalism&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi2A6gOW5awN2ekv5b4uGfaYCUMSbAwt12SLoXP7URKR0S_gvstXggGLhsX3UUpq-vCG14NWnJnQ7X71cBCmSyPWUNmoPeHeP87-K2gpV2W6zef_3rEXUFmtmPPuwKP2YJAfAk5&sig=AHIEtbTTyi_vrgPlZRfGwTh6iHtXRlogJQ Ecuador's Indian Movement: Pawn in a Short Game or Agent in State Reconfiguration?] |
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*Masnou i Boixeda, Ramón. [ |
*Masnou i Boixeda, Ramón. [https://books.google.com/books?id=lgWdly_C2mEC&dq=plurinationalism&pg=PA31 3. Recognition and Respect in Plurinationalism], Notes on Nationalism, Gracewing Publishing, 2002, 146 pages |
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{{Nationalism}} |
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[[Category:Multiculturalism]] |
[[Category:Multiculturalism]] |
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[[Category:Cultural politics]] |
[[Category:Cultural politics]] |
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[[Category:Ethnicity in politics]] |
[[Category:Ethnicity in politics]] |
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[[Category:Decentralization]] |
[[Category:Decentralization]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:15, 7 May 2024
Plurinationality, plurinational, or plurinationalism is defined as the coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a polity[1] (an organized community or body of peoples[2]). In plurinationalism, the idea of nationality is plural, meaning there are many nationals within an organized community or body of peoples. Derived from this concept, a plurinational state is the existence of multiple political communities and constitutional asymmetry. The usage of plurinationality assists in avoiding the division of societies within a state or country. Furthermore, a plurinational democracy recognizes the multiple demoi (common people or populace)[3] within a polity.[1] Reportedly the term has its origin in the Indigenous political movement in Bolivia where it was first heard of in the early 1980s.[4] As of 2022 Bolivia and Ecuador are constitutionally defined as plurinational states.[5]
Plurinational states are similar to multinational states, but are particularly often advocated for by indigenous peoples.[6]
Plurinationalism in Chile[edit]
In Chile constitutional plurinationalism has been a topic of debate. Plurinationalism was not a concept in the constitutional reforms proposed by Michelle Bachelet's second government (2014–2018), yet the proposed reforms included recognition of Chile's indigenous peoples.[7] The 2022 proposed Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile defined Chile as "plurinational", however this proposal was rejected by a large margin in September 2022.[4][8] Prior to the dismissal of the proposed constitution the issue of pluranationalism was noted by polls and El País as particularly divisive in Chile.[9] The creation of a "plurinational region" in southern Chile has been proposed by some scholars and activists as a solution to the Mapuche conflict.[10]
Plurinationalism has been criticized by José Rodríguez Elizondo as being used to advance Bolivian claims against Chile for sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean.[11]
See also[edit]
- Biculturalism
- Consociationalism
- Federal state
- Multiculturalism
- Multilateralism
- Multinationalism (disambiguation)
- National personal autonomy
- Pan-nationalism
- Pillarisation
- Plurinational State of Bolivia
- Transnationalism
- Unitary state
References[edit]
- ^ a b Keating, Michael. Plurinational Democracy in a Post-Sovereign Order Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Queen's Papers on Europeanisation No 1/2002
- ^ polity, dictionary.reference.com
- ^ demos, thefreedictionary.com
- ^ a b Burns, Nick (2022-08-29). "Chile Could Become "Plurinational." What Does That Mean?". Americas Quarterly. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
- ^ Lankes, Ana (2022-09-02). "The Contentious Vote in Chile That Could Transform Indigenous Rights". The New York Times. Retrieved 2022-09-24.
- ^ Tremblay, Arjun; Gagnon, Alain-G. (2023-01-03). "Multinational, multicultural, intercultural, and plurinational federalism". Teaching Federalism. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 141–153. doi:10.4337/9781800885325.00021. ISBN 978-1-80088-532-5.
- ^ Soto Martínez, Víctor (2019-11-29). Análisis comparativo entre la Constitución vigente y el proyecto de reforma constitucional de Michelle Bachelet (Report) (in Spanish). Vol. 155–19. Library of Congress of Chile.
- ^ Vanessa Buschschlüter. "Chile constitution: Voters overwhelmingly reject radical change". BBC News. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ Montes, Rocío (2022-08-31). "El debate sobre el reconocimiento del "Estado plurinacional" divide a los chilenos". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-24.
- ^ Marimán, José; Valenzuela, Esteban (2015). "El nuevo ciclo de movilización mapuche en Chile: la emergencia de la CAM y el proyecto autonomista para una región plurinacional" [The new cycle of mapuche mobilization in Chile: the emergence of the CAM and the project for a plurinational autonomy region]. Araucaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofía, Política y Humanidades (in Spanish) (34): 279–301.
- ^ Bruna, Roberto (2022-07-18). "Diplomático José Rodríguez Elizondo teme que la plurinacionalidad sea funcional a la estrategia marítima boliviana". El Mostrador (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-21.
Further reading[edit]
- Pallares, Amalia. The Politics of Disruption, From Pluriculturalism to Plurinationalism, From peasant struggles to Indian resistance: the Ecuadorian Andes in the late twentieth century, University of Oklahoma Press, 2002, 272 pages
- MacDonald, Jr., Theodore. Ecuador's Indian Movement: Pawn in a Short Game or Agent in State Reconfiguration?
- Masnou i Boixeda, Ramón. 3. Recognition and Respect in Plurinationalism, Notes on Nationalism, Gracewing Publishing, 2002, 146 pages