Military Order of the Iron Trefoil: Difference between revisions

Military Order of the Iron Trefoil
Military Order of the Iron Trefoil
	Order of the Iron Trefoil 2nd Class
Type	Military Order
Awarded for	"particularly successful actions against the enemy"
Presented by	Independent State of Croatia
Eligibility	Military Personnel
Status	dissolved
Established	27 December 1941
Total	968
Total recipients	Ante Pavelić; Artur Phleps; Slavko Kvaternik

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The Military Order of the Iron Trefoil, also known as the Croatian Cross, was the highest military decoration of the Independent State of Croatia. It was awarded for "acts of war, achieved by personal incentive, for efforts and good leadership in ventures, which had remarkable success against the enemy."

The Order had four classes: the 1st Class is worn on a ribbon around the neck, 2nd Class without the ribbon on the left chest, 3rd Class on ribbon on buttonhole, and the 4th Class on triangular ribbon on left chest. For exceptional merits the Order was awarded with Oak Branches. The recipients of the 1st and 2nd Class had the right to the title "Vitez" (Knight).

The Military Order of the Iron Trefoil was awarded rarely. The only holder of the 1st Class with Oak Branches was the Poglavnik Dr. Ante Pavelić, and the 1st Class order was awarded to only two high-ranking Croatian officers, one of them being NDH Vojskovođa and former Austro-Hungarian Colonel Slavko Kvaternik.

Holders of the Military Order of the Iron Trefoil

1st Class with Oak Branches

Only one holder:

Ante Pavelić, Poglavnik of the Independent State of Croatia
(Awarded, but not presented to, Generalfeldmarschall (field marshal) Friedrich Paulus)^[1]

1st Class

Seven holders:

Rafael Boban, general of the Croatian Armed Forces
Paul Dahm (de), Sturmbannführer
Walter Stettner Ritter von Grabenhofen, Generalleutnant of the Heer
Slavko Kvaternik, Vojskovođa and commander of the Domobarnstvo
Vjekoslav Luburić, general of the Croatian Armed Forces
Artur Phleps, Obergruppenführer of the Waffen SS
Werner Sanne, Generalleutnant of the Heer

2nd Class with Oak Branches

Five holders

2nd Class

Twelve holders:

Colonel Marko Mesić
August Schmidhuber, SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS

3rd Class with Oak Branches

Fifty holders

3rd Class

Sixty-four holders:

Mato Dukovac, First lieutenant of the Croatian Air Force; Croatian fighter ace with the most victories
Jure Francetić, colonel and commander of the Black Legion
Franjo Šimić, general of the Croatian Armed Forces
Horst Weber, Schnellboot commander in the Kriegsmarine – awarded 11 May 1944

4th Class with Oak Branches

256 holders, including Colonel Eduard Bunić and Mato Dukovac

4th Class

577 holders

Provision

Military Order of the Iron Trefoil is founded, Order serves as a visible sign of decoration for particularly successful actions against the enemy.
The Master of the order of the Poglavnik of the Independent State of Croatia.
Order of Iron Trefoil is the highest military order of the Independent State of Croatia, and it is rewarded for the acts of war, achieved by personal incentive, for efforts and good leadership in ventures, which had remarkable success against the enemy.
The Order confers on officers, NCOs and Home Guards, and Ustashas of Croatian Armed Forces.
Members of allied or friendly armed forces, who successfully fought to achieve independence of the Croatian State, or who later fought shoulder to shoulder with the Croatian detachments, may also be awarded with this Order.
Sign of the Order was made in the form of the Croatian Trefoil of black iron with a narrow silver edge. The ribs of the leaves are made of silver triple wattle ornament. In the middle of Trefoil is located Croatian coat of arms with the Ustasha symbol (the letter "U" in blue, and it burst with a flame). On the reverse of the Trefoil there is inscription in the middle: "ZA DOM SPREMNI" (Ready for home), above the inscription is "10 IV." and below is "1941." For exceptional merit to any Class can be added two green Oak Branches, which will frame the Croatian coat of arms. Order of the 1st and 2nd Class is rewarded for special military acts, which need to be tested and confirmed by special military commission.
Order has four Classes, namely:
1. First Class, height and width of Trefoil is 52mm, a diameter of the extent in the middle is 13mm; it is worn around the neck on the prescribed ribbon;
2. Second Class, designed as the First Class, it is worn without ribbon on left chest;
3. Third Class, height and width is 42mm, a diameter of extent in the middle is 12mm; it is carried on the ribbon on the buttonhole;
4. Fourth Class, designed as the Third Class; it is worn on triangular ribbon on left chest.
  The ribbon is red with white edge on each side; the width of whole ribbon is 40mm and 6mm of white edge.

Holders of the 1st and 2nd Class have right on title "vitez" (knight).
The Order is awarded by Poglavnik by a charter.
Unauthorized wearing of the order is punishable by judicial imprisonment up to month or a fine up to 50.000 Kunas.
The implementation of these legislative provisions is entrusted to the Head of Department of Decorations in Poglavnik's Office, and he will issue regulation on awarding and carrying the Order.
This provision will be in legal power on the day of proclamation in the Official Gazette.

Zagreb, 27 December 1941.

Polavnik of the

Independent State of Croatia

Dr. ANTE PAVELIĆ v. R.

Number CDLXIII - 2167-Z-1941.

Minister of Justice and Religion:

Dr. MIRKO PUK, v. R.

References

^ "Award Document to General der Panzertruppen Paulus, Item Number: EU4642". eMedals, n.d. Web. 12 Dec 2013. < "Award Document to General der Panzertruppen Paulus". Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.>.

Mr. sc. Stjepan Adanić, general bojnik Krešimir Kašpar, prof. Boris Prister i prof. Ivan Ružić "Hrvatska odlikovanja."

[1] "Award Document to General der Panzertruppen Paulus, Item Number: EU4642". eMedals, n.d. Web. 12 Dec 2013. < "Award Document to General der Panzertruppen Paulus". Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.>.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Unreferenced|date=December 2010}}
+{{More citations needed|date=September 2014}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
-{{Infobox Military Award
+{{Infobox military award
 |name=Military Order of the Iron Trefoil
+|image_size= 190px
-|image=[[File:Vojnički red željeznog trolista I stupanj.jpg|150px]]
-|caption=Order of the Iron Trefoil 3rd Class with Oak Branches
+|image=Order of the Iron Trefoil, II Class. Croatia.png
+|caption=Order of the Iron Trefoil 2nd Class
-|awarded_by= [[Independent State of Croatia]]
+|presenter= [[Independent State of Croatia]]
-|type=[[Military Order]]
+|type=[[Order (honour)|Military Order]]
 |eligibility= Military Personnel
-|for= "for a particularly successful actions against the enemy"
+|awarded_for= "particularly successful actions against the enemy"
 |campaign=
 |status= dissolved
 |description=
 |established=27 December 1941
+|firstawarded=
-|first_award=
+|lastawarded=
-|last_award=
-|total=968
+|total_awarded=968
+|total_awarded_posthumously=
-|posthumous=
-|recipients=[[Ante Pavelić]]<br>[[Artur Phleps]]<br>[[Slavko Kvaternik]]
+|total_recipients=[[Ante Pavelić]]<br>[[Artur Phleps]]<br>[[Slavko Kvaternik]]
 |individual=
 |higher=
@@ Line 22: / Line 24: @@
 |lower=
 |related=
+|image2=[[File:Red Krune Kralja Zvonimira-band.png|100px]]
-|image2=
 |caption2=
 }}
-'''Military Order of the Iron Trefoil''' (shorter '''Iron Trefoil'''), also known under name '''Croatian Cross''', was the highest military [[Military awards and decorations|decoration]] of [[Independent State of Croatia]], and it was rewarded for "acts of war, achieved by personal incentive, for efforts and good leadership in ventures, which had remarkable success against the enemy."
+The '''Military Order of the Iron Trefoil''', also known as the '''Croatian Cross''', was the highest military [[Military awards and decorations|decoration]] of the [[Independent State of Croatia]]. It was awarded for "acts of war, achieved by personal incentive, for efforts and good leadership in ventures, which had remarkable success against the enemy."
-Order had four classes, the 1st Class is worn on a necklace around her neck, 2nd Class without the ribbon on the left chest, 3rd Class on ribbon on buttonhole, 4th Class on triangular ribbon on left chest. For exceptional merits the Order was rewarded togethter with Oak Branches. The recipients of the 1st and 2nd Class had right on title "Vitez" (Knight).
+The Order had four classes: the 1st Class is worn on a ribbon around the neck, 2nd Class without the ribbon on the left chest, 3rd Class on ribbon on buttonhole, and the 4th Class on triangular ribbon on left chest. For exceptional merits the Order was awarded with Oak Branches. The recipients of the 1st and 2nd Class had the right to the title "Vitez" (Knight).
-The Military Order of the Iron Trefoil was hard to be awarded. The only holder of the 1st Class with Oak Branches was [[Poglavnik]] dr. [[Ante Pavelić]], and 1st Class was awarded to only two high-ranking Croatian officer, and one of them was a [[Fieldmarshal|''Vojskovođa'']] and former [[Austro-Hungarian Army|Austro-Hungarian]] [[Colonel]] [[Slavko Kvaternik]].
+The Military Order of the Iron Trefoil was awarded rarely. The only holder of the 1st Class with Oak Branches was the [[Poglavnik]] Dr. [[Ante Pavelić]], and the 1st Class order was awarded to only two high-ranking Croatian officers, one of them being NDH [[Fieldmarshal|''Vojskovođa'']] and former [[Austro-Hungarian Army|Austro-Hungarian]] [[Colonel]] [[Slavko Kvaternik]].
-This Order is very esteemed between collectors because it is very rare and very made in high quality.
 ==Holders of the Military Order of the Iron Trefoil==
 ===1st Class with Oak Branches===
 Only one holder:
 * [[Ante Pavelić]], [[Poglavnik]] of the [[Independent State of Croatia]]
+* (Awarded, but not presented to, [[Generalfeldmarschall]] ([[field marshal]]) [[Friedrich Paulus]])<ref>"Award Document to General der Panzertruppen Paulus, Item Number: EU4642".  eMedals, n.d. Web. 12 Dec 2013. < {{cite web |url=http://www.emedals.com/collectors-gallery/europe/croatia/documents-photos/general-der-panzertruppen-von-paulus-award-doc-eu4642 |title=Award Document to General der Panzertruppen Paulus |accessdate=13 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206161143/http://www.emedals.com/collectors-gallery/europe/croatia/documents-photos/general-der-panzertruppen-von-paulus-award-doc-eu4642 |archivedate=6 December 2013 }}>.</ref>
 ===1st Class===
-Four holders:
+Seven holders:
 * [[Rafael Boban]], general of the [[Croatian Armed Forces]]
+* [[:de:Paul Dahm|Paul Dahm]] '''(de)''', ''[[Sturmbannführer]]''
-* [[Slavko Kvaternik]], ''[[Field Marshal|Vojskovođa]]'' and commander of the [[Croatian Home Guard|Domobarnstvo]]
+* [[Walter Stettner Ritter von Grabenhofen]], ''[[Generalleutnant]]'' of the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|Heer]]
+* [[Slavko Kvaternik]], ''[[Field Marshal|Vojskovođa]]'' and commander of the [[Croatian Home Guard (Independent State of Croatia)|Domobarnstvo]]
 * [[Vjekoslav Luburić]], general of the [[Croatian Armed Forces]]
-* [[Artur Phleps]], [[Obergruppenführer]] of the [[Waffen SS]]
+* [[Artur Phleps]], ''[[Obergruppenführer]]'' of the [[Waffen SS]]
+* [[Werner Sanne]], ''[[Generalleutnant]]'' of the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|Heer]]
 ===2nd Class with Oak Branches===
@@ Line 53: / Line 58: @@
 ===2nd Class===
-Twelve holders, one of them is colonel [[Marko Mesić (1901–1982)|Marko Mesić]]
+Twelve holders:
+* Colonel [[Marko Mesić (1901–1982)|Marko Mesić]]
+* [[August Schmidhuber]], SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS
 ===3rd Class with Oak Branches===
@@ Line 59: / Line 67: @@
 ===3rd Class===
-Sixty four holders:
+Sixty-four holders:
+* [[Mato Dukovac]], [[First lieutenant]] of the Croatian Air Force; Croatian fighter ace with the most victories
 * [[Jure Francetić]], [[colonel]] and commander of the [[Black Legion (military unit)|Black Legion]]
 * [[Franjo Šimić]], general of the [[Croatian Armed Forces]]
-* [[Horst Weber]], Schnellboot commander in the [[Kriegsmarine]] - awarded May 11, 1944
+* [[Horst Weber (naval officer)|Horst Weber]], Schnellboot commander in the [[Kriegsmarine]] – awarded 11 May 1944
 ===4th Class with Oak Branches===
-holders, one of them is colonel [[Eduard Bunić]]
+holders, including Colonel [[Eduard Bunić]] and [[Mato Dukovac]]
 ===4th Class===
@@ Line 72: / Line 81: @@
 ==Provision==
+#Military Order of the Iron Trefoil is founded, Order serves as a visible sign of decoration for particularly successful actions against the enemy.
-#1.
+#The Master of the order of the ''Poglavnik'' of the Independent State of Croatia.
-Military Order of the Iron Trefoil is founded, Order serves as a visible sign of decoration for a particularly successful actions against the enemy.
+#Order of Iron Trefoil is the highest [[Order (honour)|military order]] of the Independent State of Croatia, and it is rewarded for the acts of war, achieved by personal incentive, for efforts and good leadership in ventures, which had remarkable success against the enemy.
+#The Order confers on officers, NCOs and Home Guards, and Ustashas of Croatian Armed Forces.<br />Members of allied or friendly armed forces, who successfully fought to achieve independence of the Croatian State, or who later fought shoulder to shoulder with the Croatian detachments, may also be awarded with this Order.
+#Sign of the Order was made in the form of the Croatian Trefoil of black iron with a narrow silver edge. The ribs of the leaves are made of silver triple [[Croatian wattle|wattle]] ornament. In the middle of Trefoil is located Croatian coat of arms with the Ustasha symbol (the letter "U" in blue, and it burst with a flame). On the reverse of the Trefoil there is inscription in the middle: "ZA DOM SPREMNI" (Ready for home), above the inscription is "10 IV." and below is "1941." For exceptional merit to any Class can be added two green Oak Branches, which will frame the Croatian coat of arms. Order of the 1st and 2nd Class is rewarded for special military acts, which need to be tested and confirmed by special military commission.
+#Order has four Classes, namely:
+##  First Class, height and width of Trefoil is 52mm, a diameter of the extent in the middle is 13mm; it is worn around the neck on the prescribed ribbon;
+##  Second Class, designed as the First Class, it is worn without ribbon on left chest;
+##  Third Class, height and width is 42mm, a diameter of extent in the middle is 12mm; it is carried on the ribbon on the buttonhole;
+##  Fourth Class, designed as the Third Class; it is worn on triangular ribbon on left chest.<br />The ribbon is red with white edge on each side; the width of whole ribbon is 40mm and 6mm of white edge.
+#Holders of the 1st and 2nd Class have right on title "vitez" (knight).
-#2.
-The Master of the order of the ''Poglavnik'' of the Independent State of Croatia.
+#The Order is awarded by ''Poglavnik'' by a charter.
+#Unauthorized wearing of the order is punishable by judicial imprisonment up to month or a fine up to 50.000 [[Croatian kuna|Kuna]]s.
+#The implementation of these legislative provisions is entrusted to the Head of Department of Decorations in Poglavnik's Office, and he will issue regulation on awarding and carrying the Order.
-#3.
+#This provision will be in legal power on the day of proclamation in the Official Gazette.
-Order of Iron Trefoil is the highest military order of the Independent State of Croatia, and it is rewarded for the acts of war, achieved by personal incentive, for efforts and good leadership in ventures, which had remarkable success against the enemy.
-#4.
-The Order confers on officers, NCOs and Home Guards, and Ustashas of Croatian Armed Forces.
-Members of allied or friendly armed forces, who successfully fought to achieve independence of the Croatian State, or who later fought shoulder to shoulder with the Croatian detachments, may also be awarded with this Order.
-#5.
-Sign of the Order was made in the form of the Croatian Trefoil of black iron with a narrow silver edge. The ribs of the leafs are made of silver triple [[Croatian wattle|wattle]] ornament. In the middle of Trefoil is located Croatian coat of arms with the Ustasha symbol (the letter "U" in blue, and it burst with a flame). On the reverse of the Trefoil there is inscription in the middle: "READY FOR HOME", above the inscription is "10 IV." and below is "1941." For exceptional merit to any Class can be added two green Oak Branches, which will frame the Croatian coat of arms. Order of the 1st and 2nd Class is rewarded for special military acts, which need to be tested and confirmed by special military commission.
-#6.
-Order has four Classes, namely:
-* a) the First Class, height and width of Trefoil is 52mm, a diameter of the extent in the middle is 13mm; it is worn around the neck on the prescribed ribbon;
-* b) Second Class, designed as the First Class, it is worn without ribbon on left chest;
-* c) Third Class, height and width is 42mm, a diameter of extent in the middle is 12mm; it is carried on the ribbon on the buttonhole;
-* d) Fourth Class, designed as the Third Class; it is worn on triangular ribbon on left chest.
-The ribbon is read with white edge on each side; the width of whole ribbon is 40mm and 6mm of white edge.
-#7.
-Holders of the 1st and 2nd Class have right on title "vitez" (knight).
-#8.
-The Order is awarded by ''Poglavnik'' by a charter.
-#9.
-Unauthorized wearing of the order is punishable by judicial imprisonment up to month or a fine up to 50.000 [[Croatian kuna|Kuna]]s.
-#10.
-The implementation of these legislative provisions is entrusted to the Head of Department of Decorations in Poglavnik's Office, and he will issue regulation on awarding and carrying the Order.
-#11.
-This provision will be in legal power on the day of proclamation in the Official Gazette.
 Zagreb, 27 December 1941.
@@ Line 121: / Line 108: @@
 :Dr. MIRKO PUK, v. R.
+==See also==
-{{NDH honours system}}
+* [[Order of the Croatian Trefoil]]
 ==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 * Mr. sc. Stjepan Adanić, general bojnik Krešimir Kašpar, prof. Boris Prister i prof. Ivan Ružić "Hrvatska odlikovanja."
-{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2010}}
+{{NDH honours system}}
 [[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Independent State of Croatia]]
-[[Category:Collaboration during World War II]]
+[[Category:Awards established in 1941]]
+[[Category:1941 establishments in Croatia]]
-[[de:Orden vom Eisernen Dreiblatt]]
-[[hr:Vojnički red željeznog trolista]]
-[[it:Ordine militare del Trifoglio di Ferro]]
-[[nl:Orde van het IJzeren Drieblad]]
-[[pl:Order Wojskowy Żelaznej Koniczyny]]
-[[ru:Военный орден Железного трилистника]]