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{{Short description|Musical form}}
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In [[classical music]], many composers have written a set of '''preludes and fugues''' in most or all of the 24 major and minor [[key (music)|key]]s. The use of this format is generally inspired by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s two books of [[prelude (music)|prelude]]s and [[fugue]]s—''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]''—completed in 1722 and 1744 respectively. Bach, however, was not the first to compose such a set: [[Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer]] wrote a 20-key cycle in his 1702 work ''[[Ariadne musica]]''.
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2019|bot=noref (GreenC bot)}}
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A '''prelude and fugue''' is a musical form generally consisting of two [[Movement (music)|movements]] in the same key for solo [[keyboard music|keyboard]]. In [[classical music]], the combination of [[Prelude (music)|prelude]] and [[fugue]] is one with a long history. Many composers have written works of this kind. The use of this format is generally inspired by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s two books of preludes and fugues — ''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]'' — completed in 1722 and 1742 respectively. Bach, however, was not the first to compose such a set: [[Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer]] wrote a 20-key cycle in his 1702 work ''[[Ariadne musica]]''.

A number of composers wrote sets of pieces covering [[Music written in all major and/or minor keys|all 24 major and/or minor keys]]. Many of these have been sets of 24 preludes and fugues, or 24 preludes.

The first movement may be alternatively titled, resulting in a [[Fantasia and Fugue (disambiguation)|Fantasy and Fugue]], or a [[Toccata and Fugue (disambiguation)|toccata and fugue]], among others.


== Works ==
== Works ==

The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format.
The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format.


* Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer: ''[[Ariadne musica]]'' (1702)
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* ''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]'', Bach
* [[Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543]], Bach
* Johann Pachelbel : Prelude and Fugue in E minor, P.416
* [[Christoph Graupner]]
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* [[Prelude (Toccata) and Fugue in E major, BWV 566]], Bach
** Prelude and Fugue in D minor, GWV 826 (1715-1716)
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* [[24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)|24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 87]], Shostakovich
** Prelude and Fugue in A minor, GWV 855 (1716)
* ''[[Ariadne musica]]'', Fischer
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]:
* [[Eight Short Preludes and Fugues]], composer uncertain
* ''[[Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale Ad nos ad salutarem undam]], Liszt
** [[Prelude (Toccata) and Fugue in E major, BWV 566]] (ca. 1705)
* ''[[Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H]]'', Liszt
** [[Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543]] (sometime around 1708–1717)
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** [[Prelude and Fugue in B minor, BWV 544]]
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* ''[[Ludus Tonalis]]'', Hindemith
* ''[[Prelude, Chorale and Fugue (Franck)|Prelude, Chorale and Fugue]]'', Franck
** [[Prelude and Fugue in C minor, BWV 546]]
* ''[[Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs]]'', Bernstein
** [[Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 548]]
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** ''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]'', Books I and II (1722 and 1742)

* Uncertain (formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach) – [[Eight Short Preludes and Fugues]]
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== Composers of ==
* [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
** [[Fantasy No. 1 with Fugue (Mozart)|Prelude (Fantasy) and Fugue in C major K.394]] (1782)
** [[Adagio and Fugue in C minor (Mozart)|Adagio and Fugue in C minor K.546]] (1788)
* [[Felix Mendelssohn]]: [[Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35 (Mendelssohn)|Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35]] (1827/37)
* Franz Liszt:
** ''[[Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale Ad nos ad salutarem undam]]'' (1850)
** ''[[Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H]]'' (1855 rev. 1870)
* [[César Franck]]: [[Prelude, Chorale and Fugue (Franck)|Prélude, Choral et Fugue]] (1884)
* [[Max Reger]]: ''[[Introduktion, Passacaglia und Fuge]]''
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* [[Paul Hindemith]]: ''[[Ludus Tonalis]]'' (1942)
* [[William Walton]]: ''[[Spitfire Prelude and Fugue]]'' (1942)
* [[Leonard Bernstein]]: ''[[Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs]]'' (1949)
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* [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]: [[24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)|24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 87]] (1950–51)


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== Composers ==
The composers listed below, who lived and composed in the 19th and 20th centuries, employed this format.
The composers listed below, who lived and composed in the 19th and 20th centuries, employed this format.

*[[Mark Alburger]], ''12 Topical Preludes and Fugues''
*[[Mark Alburger]], ''12 Topical Preludes and Fugues''
*[[Algernon Ashton]]
*[[Algernon Ashton]]
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*[[Hans Huber (composer)|Hans Huber]]
*[[Hans Huber (composer)|Hans Huber]]
*[[Alexander Iakovtchouk]]
*[[Alexander Iakovtchouk]]
*[[Andersen Viana - Sinfonia Amerindia/Prelude and Fugue]]
* [[David Johnson (composer)|David Johnson]], 12 Preludes and Fugues
* [[David Johnson (composer)|David Johnson]], 12 Preludes and Fugues
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*[[Nikolai Kapustin]], 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 82
*[[A. A. Klengel]]
*[[A. A. Klengel]]
*[[Trygve Madsen]]
*[[Trygve Madsen]], 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 101
*[[Henry Martin (composer)|Henry Martin]]
*[[Henry Martin (composer)|Henry Martin]]
*[[Felix Mendelssohn]]
*[[Felix Mendelssohn]]
*[[Bruce Cameron Munson]]
*[[Bruce Cameron Munson]]
*[[Frank Tveor Nordensten]]
*[[Frank Tveor Nordensten]]
*[[Igor Rekhin]]
*[[Camille Saint-Saëns]], 3 Preludes and Fugues, Opp. 99 & 109
*[[Camille Saint-Saëns]], 3 Preludes and Fugues, Opp. 99 & 109
*[[Vsevolod Zaderatsky]], 24 Preludes and Fugues, 1937-39
*[[Rodion Shchedrin]]
*[[Dmitri Shostakovich]], [[24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)|24 Preludes and Fugues]], Op. 87
*[[Dmitri Shostakovich]], [[24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)|24 Preludes and Fugues]], Op. 87, 1950–51
*[[Dmitri Kabalevsky]], 6 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 61, 1958–59
*[[Sergei Slonimsky]]
*[[Rodion Shchedrin]], 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, composed in 1964 and 1970
*[[Igor Rekhin]] (b. 1941 in [[Tambov]], Russia), 24 Preludes and Fugues for solo Guitar, 1990
*[[Sergei Slonimsky]], 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, 1994
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*[[Nikolai Kapustin]], 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 82, 1997


[[Category:Musical forms]]
[[Category:Musical forms]]
[[Category:Fugues| ‎]]
[[Category:Preludes (music)|*]]
[[Category:Fugues|*]]

[[fr:Prélude et fugue]]

Latest revision as of 22:23, 12 May 2024

A prelude and fugue is a musical form generally consisting of two movements in the same key for solo keyboard. In classical music, the combination of prelude and fugue is one with a long history. Many composers have written works of this kind. The use of this format is generally inspired by Johann Sebastian Bach's two books of preludes and fugues — The Well-Tempered Clavier — completed in 1722 and 1742 respectively. Bach, however, was not the first to compose such a set: Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer wrote a 20-key cycle in his 1702 work Ariadne musica.

A number of composers wrote sets of pieces covering all 24 major and/or minor keys. Many of these have been sets of 24 preludes and fugues, or 24 preludes.

The first movement may be alternatively titled, resulting in a Fantasy and Fugue, or a toccata and fugue, among others.

Works[edit]

The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format.

Composers[edit]

The composers listed below, who lived and composed in the 19th and 20th centuries, employed this format.

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