Prelude and fugue: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Musical form}} |
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{{Unreferenced|date=June 2019|bot=noref (GreenC bot)}} |
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⚫ | A '''prelude and fugue''' is a musical form generally consisting of two [[Movement (music)|movements]] in the same key for solo [[keyboard music|keyboard]]. In [[classical music]], the combination of [[Prelude (music)|prelude]] and [[fugue]] is one with a long history. Many composers have written works of this kind. The use of this format is generally inspired by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s two books of preludes and fugues — ''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]'' — completed in 1722 and 1742 respectively. Bach, however, was not the first to compose such a set: [[Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer]] wrote a 20-key cycle in his 1702 work ''[[Ariadne musica]]''. |
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A number of composers wrote sets of pieces covering [[Music written in all major and/or minor keys|all 24 major and/or minor keys]]. Many of these have been sets of 24 preludes and fugues, or 24 preludes. |
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The first movement may be alternatively titled, resulting in a [[Fantasia and Fugue (disambiguation)|Fantasy and Fugue]], or a [[Toccata and Fugue (disambiguation)|toccata and fugue]], among others. |
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== Works == |
== Works == |
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The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format. |
The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format. |
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* Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer: ''[[Ariadne musica]]'' (1702) |
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* Johann Pachelbel : Prelude and Fugue in E minor, P.416 |
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* [[Christoph Graupner]] |
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** Prelude and Fugue in D minor, GWV 826 (1715-1716) |
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** Prelude and Fugue in A minor, GWV 855 (1716) |
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* ''[[Ariadne musica]]'', Fischer |
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* [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]: |
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* [[Eight Short Preludes and Fugues]], composer uncertain |
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** [[Prelude (Toccata) and Fugue in E major, BWV 566]] (ca. 1705) |
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** [[Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543]] (sometime around 1708–1717) |
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** [[Prelude and Fugue in C minor, BWV 546]] |
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** [[Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 548]] |
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* Uncertain (formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach) – [[Eight Short Preludes and Fugues]] |
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* [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] |
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** [[Fantasy No. 1 with Fugue (Mozart)|Prelude (Fantasy) and Fugue in C major K.394]] (1782) |
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** [[Adagio and Fugue in C minor (Mozart)|Adagio and Fugue in C minor K.546]] (1788) |
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* [[Felix Mendelssohn]]: [[Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35 (Mendelssohn)|Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35]] (1827/37) |
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* Franz Liszt: |
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** ''[[Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale Ad nos ad salutarem undam]]'' (1850) |
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** ''[[Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H]]'' (1855 rev. 1870) |
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* [[César Franck]]: [[Prelude, Chorale and Fugue (Franck)|Prélude, Choral et Fugue]] (1884) |
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* [[Max Reger]]: ''[[Introduktion, Passacaglia und Fuge]]'' |
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* [[William Walton]]: ''[[Spitfire Prelude and Fugue]]'' (1942) |
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* [[Leonard Bernstein]]: ''[[Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs]]'' (1949) |
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The composers listed below, who lived and composed in the 19th and 20th centuries, employed this format. |
The composers listed below, who lived and composed in the 19th and 20th centuries, employed this format. |
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*[[Mark Alburger]], ''12 Topical Preludes and Fugues'' |
*[[Mark Alburger]], ''12 Topical Preludes and Fugues'' |
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*[[Algernon Ashton]] |
*[[Algernon Ashton]] |
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*[[Hans Huber (composer)|Hans Huber]] |
*[[Hans Huber (composer)|Hans Huber]] |
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*[[Alexander Iakovtchouk]] |
*[[Alexander Iakovtchouk]] |
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*[[Andersen Viana - Sinfonia Amerindia/Prelude and Fugue]] |
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* [[David Johnson (composer)|David Johnson]], 12 Preludes and Fugues |
* [[David Johnson (composer)|David Johnson]], 12 Preludes and Fugues |
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*[[A. A. Klengel]] |
*[[A. A. Klengel]] |
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*[[Trygve Madsen]] |
*[[Trygve Madsen]], 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 101 |
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*[[Henry Martin (composer)|Henry Martin]] |
*[[Henry Martin (composer)|Henry Martin]] |
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*[[Felix Mendelssohn]] |
*[[Felix Mendelssohn]] |
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*[[Bruce Cameron Munson]] |
*[[Bruce Cameron Munson]] |
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*[[Frank Tveor Nordensten]] |
*[[Frank Tveor Nordensten]] |
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*[[Igor Rekhin]] |
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*[[Camille Saint-Saëns]], 3 Preludes and Fugues, Opp. 99 & 109 |
*[[Camille Saint-Saëns]], 3 Preludes and Fugues, Opp. 99 & 109 |
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*[[Vsevolod Zaderatsky]], 24 Preludes and Fugues, 1937-39 |
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*[[Rodion Shchedrin]] |
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*[[Dmitri Shostakovich]], [[24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)|24 Preludes and Fugues]], Op. 87 |
*[[Dmitri Shostakovich]], [[24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)|24 Preludes and Fugues]], Op. 87, 1950–51 |
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*[[Dmitri Kabalevsky]], 6 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 61, 1958–59 |
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*[[Sergei Slonimsky]] |
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*[[Rodion Shchedrin]], 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, composed in 1964 and 1970 |
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*[[Igor Rekhin]] (b. 1941 in [[Tambov]], Russia), 24 Preludes and Fugues for solo Guitar, 1990 |
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*[[Sergei Slonimsky]], 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, 1994 |
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[[Category:Musical forms]] |
[[Category:Musical forms]] |
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[[Category:Preludes (music)| |
[[Category:Preludes (music)|*]] |
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[[Category:Fugues| |
[[Category:Fugues|*]] |
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[[fr:Prélude et fugue]] |
Latest revision as of 22:23, 12 May 2024
A prelude and fugue is a musical form generally consisting of two movements in the same key for solo keyboard. In classical music, the combination of prelude and fugue is one with a long history. Many composers have written works of this kind. The use of this format is generally inspired by Johann Sebastian Bach's two books of preludes and fugues — The Well-Tempered Clavier — completed in 1722 and 1742 respectively. Bach, however, was not the first to compose such a set: Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer wrote a 20-key cycle in his 1702 work Ariadne musica.
A number of composers wrote sets of pieces covering all 24 major and/or minor keys. Many of these have been sets of 24 preludes and fugues, or 24 preludes.
The first movement may be alternatively titled, resulting in a Fantasy and Fugue, or a toccata and fugue, among others.
Works[edit]
The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format.
- Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer: Ariadne musica (1702)
- Johann Pachelbel : Prelude and Fugue in E minor, P.416
- Christoph Graupner
- Prelude and Fugue in D minor, GWV 826 (1715-1716)
- Prelude and Fugue in A minor, GWV 855 (1716)
- Johann Sebastian Bach:
- Prelude (Toccata) and Fugue in E major, BWV 566 (ca. 1705)
- Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543 (sometime around 1708–1717)
- Prelude and Fugue in B minor, BWV 544
- Prelude and Fugue in C minor, BWV 546
- Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 548
- The Well-Tempered Clavier, Books I and II (1722 and 1742)
- Uncertain (formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach) – Eight Short Preludes and Fugues
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Felix Mendelssohn: Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35 (1827/37)
- Franz Liszt:
- Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale Ad nos ad salutarem undam (1850)
- Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H (1855 rev. 1870)
- César Franck: Prélude, Choral et Fugue (1884)
- Max Reger: Introduktion, Passacaglia und Fuge
- Paul Hindemith: Ludus Tonalis (1942)
- William Walton: Spitfire Prelude and Fugue (1942)
- Leonard Bernstein: Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs (1949)
- Dmitri Shostakovich: 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 87 (1950–51)
Composers[edit]
The composers listed below, who lived and composed in the 19th and 20th centuries, employed this format.
- Mark Alburger, 12 Topical Preludes and Fugues
- Algernon Ashton
- Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
- David Cope, 48 Preludes and Fugues
- David Diamond, 52 Preludes and Fugues
- Hiroshi Hara
- Hans Huber
- Alexander Iakovtchouk
- Andersen Viana - Sinfonia Amerindia/Prelude and Fugue
- David Johnson, 12 Preludes and Fugues
- A. A. Klengel
- Trygve Madsen, 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 101
- Henry Martin
- Felix Mendelssohn
- Bruce Cameron Munson
- Frank Tveor Nordensten
- Camille Saint-Saëns, 3 Preludes and Fugues, Opp. 99 & 109
- Vsevolod Zaderatsky, 24 Preludes and Fugues, 1937-39
- Dmitri Shostakovich, 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 87, 1950–51
- Dmitri Kabalevsky, 6 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 61, 1958–59
- Rodion Shchedrin, 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, composed in 1964 and 1970
- Igor Rekhin (b. 1941 in Tambov, Russia), 24 Preludes and Fugues for solo Guitar, 1990
- Sergei Slonimsky, 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, 1994
- Nikolai Kapustin, 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 82, 1997