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{{Short description|Musical form}}
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In [[classical music]], the combination of '''[[Prelude (music)|prelude]] and [[fugue]]''' is one with a long history. Many composers have written works of this kind. The use of this format is generally inspired by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s two books of preludes and fugues — ''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]'' — completed in 1722 and 1742 respectively. Bach, however, was not the first to compose such a set: [[Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer]] wrote a 20-key cycle in his 1702 work ''[[Ariadne musica]]''.
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2019|bot=noref (GreenC bot)}}
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A '''prelude and fugue''' is a musical form generally consisting of two [[Movement (music)|movements]] in the same key for solo [[keyboard music|keyboard]]. In [[classical music]], the combination of [[Prelude (music)|prelude]] and [[fugue]] is one with a long history. Many composers have written works of this kind. The use of this format is generally inspired by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s two books of preludes and fugues — ''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]'' — completed in 1722 and 1742 respectively. Bach, however, was not the first to compose such a set: [[Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer]] wrote a 20-key cycle in his 1702 work ''[[Ariadne musica]]''.


A number of composers wrote sets of pieces covering [[Music written in all major and/or minor keys|all 24 major and/or minor keys]]. Many of these have been sets of 24 preludes and fugues, or 24 preludes.
A number of composers wrote sets of pieces covering [[Music written in all major and/or minor keys|all 24 major and/or minor keys]]. Many of these have been sets of 24 preludes and fugues, or 24 preludes.


The first movement may be alternatively titled, resulting in a [[Fantasia and Fugue (disambiguation)|Fantasy and Fugue]], or a [[Toccata and Fugue (disambiguation)|toccata and fugue]], among others.
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== Works ==


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== Works ==
The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format.
The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format.


* [[Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer]] – ''[[Ariadne musica]]'' (1702)
* Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer: ''[[Ariadne musica]]'' (1702)
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] – [[Prelude (Toccata) and Fugue in E major, BWV 566]] (ca. 1705)
* Johann Pachelbel : Prelude and Fugue in E minor, P.416
* [[Christoph Graupner]]
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* Johann Sebastian Bach – [[Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543]] (sometime around 1708–1717)
** Prelude and Fugue in D minor, GWV 826 (1715-1716)
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* Johann Sebastian Bach – ''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]'', Books I and II (1722 and 1742)
** Prelude and Fugue in A minor, GWV 855 (1716)
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]:
** [[Prelude (Toccata) and Fugue in E major, BWV 566]] (ca. 1705)
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** [[Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543]] (sometime around 1708–1717)
** [[Prelude and Fugue in B minor, BWV 544]]
** [[Prelude and Fugue in C minor, BWV 546]]
** [[Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 548]]
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** ''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]'', Books I and II (1722 and 1742)
* Uncertain (formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach) – [[Eight Short Preludes and Fugues]]
* Uncertain (formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach) – [[Eight Short Preludes and Fugues]]
* [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
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* [[Franz Liszt]] – ''[[Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale Ad nos ad salutarem undam]]'' (1850)
* Franz Liszt – ''[[Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H]]'' (1855 rev. 1870)
** [[Fantasy No. 1 with Fugue (Mozart)|Prelude (Fantasy) and Fugue in C major K.394]] (1782)
** [[Adagio and Fugue in C minor (Mozart)|Adagio and Fugue in C minor K.546]] (1788)
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* [[César Franck]] – [[Prelude, Chorale and Fugue (Franck)|Prélude, Choral et Fugue]] (1884)
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* [[Felix Mendelssohn]]: [[Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35 (Mendelssohn)|Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35]] (1827/37)
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* [[Paul Hindemith]] – ''[[Ludus Tonalis]]'' (1942)
* Franz Liszt:
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* [[Leonard Bernstein]] – ''[[Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs]]'' (1949)
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** ''[[Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale Ad nos ad salutarem undam]]'' (1850)
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* [[Dmitri Shostakovich]] – [[24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)|24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 87]] (1950–51)
** ''[[Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H]]'' (1855 rev. 1870)
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* [[César Franck]]: [[Prelude, Chorale and Fugue (Franck)|Prélude, Choral et Fugue]] (1884)
* [[Max Reger]]: ''[[Introduktion, Passacaglia und Fuge]]''
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* [[Paul Hindemith]]: ''[[Ludus Tonalis]]'' (1942)
* [[William Walton]]: ''[[Spitfire Prelude and Fugue]]'' (1942)
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* [[Leonard Bernstein]]: ''[[Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs]]'' (1949)
* [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]: [[24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)|24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 87]] (1950–51)


== Composers ==
== Composers ==
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*[[Hans Huber (composer)|Hans Huber]]
*[[Hans Huber (composer)|Hans Huber]]
*[[Alexander Iakovtchouk]]
*[[Alexander Iakovtchouk]]
*[[Andersen Viana - Sinfonia Amerindia/Prelude and Fugue]]
* [[David Johnson (composer)|David Johnson]], 12 Preludes and Fugues
* [[David Johnson (composer)|David Johnson]], 12 Preludes and Fugues
*[[A. A. Klengel]]
*[[A. A. Klengel]]
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*[[Frank Tveor Nordensten]]
*[[Frank Tveor Nordensten]]
*[[Camille Saint-Saëns]], 3 Preludes and Fugues, Opp. 99 & 109
*[[Camille Saint-Saëns]], 3 Preludes and Fugues, Opp. 99 & 109
*[[Vsevolod Zaderatsky]], 24 Preludes and Fugues, 1937-39
*[[Dmitri Shostakovich]], [[24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)|24 Preludes and Fugues]], Op. 87, 1950–51
*[[Dmitri Shostakovich]], [[24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)|24 Preludes and Fugues]], Op. 87, 1950–51
*[[Dmitri Kabalevsky]], 6 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 61, 1958–59
*[[Dmitri Kabalevsky]], 6 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 61, 1958–59
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*[[Sergei Slonimsky]], 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, 1994
*[[Sergei Slonimsky]], 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, 1994
*[[Nikolai Kapustin]], 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 82, 1997
*[[Nikolai Kapustin]], 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 82, 1997

==See also==
* [[Music written in all major and/or minor keys]]


[[Category:Musical forms]]
[[Category:Musical forms]]
[[Category:Preludes (music)| ]]
[[Category:Preludes (music)|*]]
[[Category:Fugues| ]]
[[Category:Fugues|*]]

Latest revision as of 22:23, 12 May 2024

A prelude and fugue is a musical form generally consisting of two movements in the same key for solo keyboard. In classical music, the combination of prelude and fugue is one with a long history. Many composers have written works of this kind. The use of this format is generally inspired by Johann Sebastian Bach's two books of preludes and fugues — The Well-Tempered Clavier — completed in 1722 and 1742 respectively. Bach, however, was not the first to compose such a set: Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer wrote a 20-key cycle in his 1702 work Ariadne musica.

A number of composers wrote sets of pieces covering all 24 major and/or minor keys. Many of these have been sets of 24 preludes and fugues, or 24 preludes.

The first movement may be alternatively titled, resulting in a Fantasy and Fugue, or a toccata and fugue, among others.

Works[edit]

The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format.

Composers[edit]

The composers listed below, who lived and composed in the 19th and 20th centuries, employed this format.

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