(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Hardeman County, Tennessee: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia Jump to content

Hardeman County, Tennessee: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 35°12′N 89°00′W / 35.20°N 89.00°W / 35.20; -89.00
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Typo
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
→‎2020 census: tightrn header
(28 intermediate revisions by 15 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|County in Tennessee, United States}}
{{short description|County in Tennessee, United States}}
{{use mdy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
{{Infobox U.S. county
| county = Hardeman County
| county = Hardeman County
| state = Tennessee
| state = Tennessee
| seal =
| seal =
| founded = 1823
| founded = 1823
| named for = Thomas J. Hardeman<ref name=tehc>Faye Tennyson Davidson, [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=598 "Hardeman County"] ''[[Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture]]''; retrieved October 16, 2013.</ref>
| named for = Thomas J. Hardeman<ref name=tehc>Faye Tennyson Davidson, [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=598 "Hardeman County"] ''[[Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture]]''; retrieved October 16, 2013.</ref>
| seat wl = Bolivar
| seat wl = Bolivar
| largest city wl = Bolivar
| largest city wl = Bolivar
| area_total_sq_mi = 670
| area_total_sq_mi = 670
| area_land_sq_mi = 668
| area_land_sq_mi = 668
| area_water_sq_mi = 2.6
| area_water_sq_mi = 2.6
| area percentage = 0.4%
| area percentage = 0.4%
| census yr = 2020
| census yr = 2020
| pop = 25462 {{decrease}}
| pop = 25462 {{decrease}}
| density_sq_mi = 41
| density_sq_mi = 41
| time zone = Central
| time zone = Central
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| ex image = Old Courthouse in Spring, Bolivar TN.JPG
| ex image = Old Courthouse in Spring, Bolivar TN.JPG
| ex image cap = Hardeman County Courthouse in Bolivar
| ex image cap = Hardeman County Courthouse in Bolivar
| web =
| web =
| district = 7th }}
| district = 8th
}}


'''Hardeman County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] located in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Tennessee]]. As of the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], the population was 25,462.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/47069.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 2, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607142135/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/47069.html|archive-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Bolivar, Tennessee|Bolivar]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref>
'''Hardeman County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] located in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Tennessee]]. As of the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], the population was 25,462.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/47069.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 2, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607142135/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/47069.html|archive-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Bolivar, Tennessee|Bolivar]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Hardeman County was created by the [[Tennessee General Assembly]] in 1823 from parts of [[Hardin County, Tennessee|Hardin County]] and "Indian lands." It is named for Thomas J. Hardeman<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hairston.org/p4117.htm|title=HAIRSTON - (surname unknown) Mary Ophelia POLK|website=www.hairston.org|access-date=2018-03-10}}</ref> (1788-1854), a veteran of the [[Creek War]] and [[War of 1812]] and a prominent figure in the fight for [[Texas]] independence. He served as a congressman in the [[Republic of Texas]].<ref name=tehc />
Hardeman County was created by the [[Tennessee General Assembly]] in 1823 from parts of [[Hardin County, Tennessee|Hardin County]] and "Indian lands." It is named for Thomas J. Hardeman<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hairston.org/p4117.htm|title=HAIRSTON - (surname unknown) Mary Ophelia POLK|website=www.hairston.org|access-date=March 10, 2018}}</ref> (1788-1854), a veteran of the [[Creek War]] and the [[War of 1812]] and a prominent figure in the fight for [[Texas]] independence. He served as a congressman in the [[Republic of Texas]].<ref name=tehc />

Settlers began arriving in the area that is now Hardeman County in 1819, following a treaty with the [[Chickasaw]] allowing settlement in West Tennessee signed on October 19, 1818.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Hardeman County Tennessee |url=https://hardemancounty.org/about-us/county-history/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=hardemancounty.org}}</ref> Among these earliest settlers were the county's namesame Thomas Hardeman and [[Ezekiel Polk]], the paternal grandfather of president [[James K. Polk]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.hardemancountychamber.com/county-info/history/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Hardeman County Tennessee |language=en-US}}</ref> Thereafter, further settlers arrived from Middle Tennessee, Alabama, North and South Carolina, and Virginia.<ref name=":0" />

The first permanent settlement was established in 1823 along the [[Hatchie River]], dubbed Hatchie Town. The town's location along the river led to recurrent flooding, and ultimately the decision was made to relocate the settlement approximately one mile south to what is now Bolivar.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Hardeman County had notable involvement in the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. The [[Battle of Hatchie's Bridge]] took place there on October 5, 1862, seeing 900 total casualties. During the war, the [[Union Army]] maintained control of the municipality of [[Grand Junction, Tennessee|Grand Junction]]. The town was thus made a [[Contraband (American Civil War)|contraband camp]] by General [[Ulysses S. Grant]], providing education and shelter to formerly enslaved individuals.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Relating to these engagements, much of downtown Bolivar was burned down during the war.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />


The county is the location of two of Tennessee's four private prisons, the [[Whiteville Correctional Facility]] and the [[Hardeman County Correctional Center]]. Both are medium-security facilities for men, operated by the [[Corrections Corporation of America]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov/correction/institutions/hccf.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412190831/http://www.tn.gov/correction/institutions/hccf.html |archive-date=2014-04-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov/correction/institutions/wcfa.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412190859/http://www.tn.gov/correction/institutions/wcfa.html |archive-date=2014-04-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The county is the location of two of Tennessee's four private prisons, the [[Whiteville Correctional Facility]] and the [[Hardeman County Correctional Center]]. Both are medium-security facilities for men, operated by the [[Corrections Corporation of America]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov/correction/institutions/hccf.html |title=Tennessee Department of Correction - Hardeman County Correctional Facility |access-date=March 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412190831/http://www.tn.gov/correction/institutions/hccf.html |archive-date=April 12, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov/correction/institutions/wcfa.html |title=Tennessee Department of Correction - Whiteville Correctional Facility |access-date=March 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412190859/http://www.tn.gov/correction/institutions/wcfa.html |archive-date=April 12, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
Line 75: Line 82:
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=July 20, 2019}}</ref>
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=July 20, 2019}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 5, 2015}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=[[University of Virginia]] Library|access-date=April 5, 2015}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/tn190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=April 5, 2015}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=April 5, 2015}}</ref> 2010-2014<ref name="QF"/>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 5, 2015}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=[[University of Virginia]] Library|access-date=April 5, 2015}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/tn190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=April 5, 2015}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=April 5, 2015}}</ref> 2010-2014<ref name="QF"/>
}}
}}
{{Stack|[[Image:USA Hardeman County, Tennessee.csv age pyramid.svg|thumb|left|150px|Age pyramid Hardeman County<ref>Based on [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] data</ref>]]}}
{{Stack|[[Image:USA Hardeman County, Tennessee.csv age pyramid.svg|thumb|left|150px|Age pyramid Hardeman County<ref>Based on [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] data</ref>]]}}


===2020 census===
===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Hardeman County, Tennessee – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
|+Hardeman County racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US47069&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=2021-12-08|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Race
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Hardeman County, Tennessee|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=050XX00US47069|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Num.
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hardeman County, Tennessee|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US47069&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Perc.
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hardeman County, Tennessee|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US47069&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 20010
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|13,970
|15,994
|15,197
⚫
|54.87%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |13,970
⚫
|56.91%
⚫
|55.76%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |54.87%
|-
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|10,150
|11,474
|11,228
⚫
|39.86%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |10,150
⚫
|40.83%
⚫
|41.20%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |39.86%
|-
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|46
|66
|56
⚫
|0.18%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |46
⚫
|0.23%
⚫
|0.21%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.18%
|-
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|162
|78
|145
⚫
|0.64%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |162
|0.28%
|0.53%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.64%
|-
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|6
|5
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6
|0.02%
|0.02%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.02%
|-
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some Other Race]] alone (NH)
|634
|13
|18
⚫
|2.49%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |68
|0.05%
|0.07%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.27%
|-
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH)
⚫
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|494
|202
|233
⚫
|1.94%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |566
|0.72%
|0.85%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.22%
|-
⚫
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|273
|376
|style='background: #ffffe6; |494
|0.97%
|1.38%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.94%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''28,105'''
|'''27,253'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''25,462'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 25,462 people, 8,891 households, and 5,816 families residing in the county.
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 25,462 people, 8,891 households, and 5,816 families residing in the county.


===2010 census===
===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-05-14|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2010 the racial makeup of the county was 56.1% [[Race (United States Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic) or [[Race (United States Census)|European American]], 41.01% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.24% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.29% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.2% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.79% from two or more races. 0.96% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 14, 2011|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2010 the racial makeup of the county was 56.1% [[Race (United States Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic) or [[Race (United States Census)|European American]], 41.01% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.24% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.29% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.2% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.79% from two or more races. 0.96% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.


===2000 census===
===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8" /> of 2000, there were 28,105 people, 9,412 households, and 6,767 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was 42 people per square mile (16/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 10,694 housing units at an average density of 16 per square&nbsp;mile (6/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the county was 57.34% [[Race (United States Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic) or [[Race (United States Census)|European American]], 40.97% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.26% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.31% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.30% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.79% from two or more races. 0.97% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8" /> of 2000, there were 28,105 people, 9,412 households, and 6,767 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was {{convert|42|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 10,694 housing units at an average density of {{convert|16|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units&nbsp;}}. The racial makeup of the county was 57.34% [[Race (United States Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic) or [[Race (United States Census)|European American]], 40.97% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.26% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.31% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.30% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.79% from two or more races. 0.97% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.


There were 9,412 households, out of which 32.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.00% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.06.
There were 9,412 households, out of which 32.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.00% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.06.
Line 129: Line 185:


==Schools==
==Schools==
*Hardeman County Central High School
*Bolivar Central High School
*Bolivar Middle School
*Bolivar Middle School
*Bolivar Elementary School
*Bolivar Elementary School
Line 155: Line 211:
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


===Unincorporated communities===
===Unincorporated and historic communities===
*Cloverport
*[[Forty Five, Tennessee|Forty Five]]
*Essary Springs
*Middleburg
*New Castle
*Piney Grove
*[[Pocahontas, Tennessee|Pocahontas]]
*[[Pocahontas, Tennessee|Pocahontas]]
*Rogers Springs
*Serles
*[[Van Buren, Tennessee|Van Buren]]
*[[Van Buren, Tennessee|Van Buren]]
*Vildo
*[[Cloverport, Tennessee|Cloverport]]


==Politics==
==Politics==
{{Unsourced|section|date=October 2021}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}
Apart from its powerful vote against [[Hubert Humphrey]] in 1968 and [[George McGovern]] in 1972 as well as [[George H. W. Bush]]'s 21-vote plurality in 1988, Hardeman County was a solidly Democratic county up until it flipped to [[Donald Trump]] in 2016.
Apart from its powerful vote against [[Hubert Humphrey]] in 1968 and [[George McGovern]] in 1972 as well as [[George H. W. Bush]]'s 21-vote plurality in 1988, Hardeman County was a solidly Democratic county up until it flipped to [[Donald Trump]] in 2016.
{{PresHead|place=Hardeman County, Tennessee|whig=no|source1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=2018-03-10}}</ref>}}
{{PresHead|place=Hardeman County, Tennessee|whig=no|source1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=March 10, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP/Whig vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP/Whig vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|5,760|4,180|123|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|5,760|4,180|123|Tennessee}}
Line 200: Line 262:
*[[Bailey Hardeman]], brother of Thomas J. Hardeman
*[[Bailey Hardeman]], brother of Thomas J. Hardeman
*[[Hardeman County, Texas]]
*[[Hardeman County, Texas]]
*[[Bolivar Female Academy]]


==References==
==References==
Line 206: Line 269:
==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://hardemancountytn.com/ Chamber of Commerce site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501015845/http://hardemancountytn.com/ |date=2019-05-01 }}
* [http://hardemancountytn.com/ Chamber of Commerce site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501015845/http://hardemancountytn.com/ |date=May 1, 2019 }}
*{{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Tennessee/Counties/Hardeman/|Hardeman County}}
*{{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Tennessee/Counties/Hardeman/|Hardeman County}}
*[https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=598 Hardeman County] at ''[[Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture]]''
*[https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=598 Hardeman County] at ''[[Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture]]''
Line 232: Line 295:
[[Category:1823 establishments in Tennessee]]
[[Category:1823 establishments in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1823]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1823]]
[[Category:West Tennessee]]

Revision as of 17:49, 21 May 2024

Hardeman County
County
Hardeman County Courthouse in Bolivar
Hardeman County Courthouse in Bolivar
Map of Tennessee highlighting Hardeman County
Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee
Map of the United States highlighting Tennessee
Tennessee's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 35°12′N 89°00′W / 35.2°N 89°W / 35.2; -89
Country United States
State Tennessee
Founded1823
Named forThomas J. Hardeman[1]
SeatBolivar
Largest cityBolivar
Area
 • Total670 sq mi (1,700 km2)
 • Land668 sq mi (1,730 km2)
 • Water2.6 sq mi (7 km2)  0.4%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total25,462 Decrease
 • Density41/sq mi (16/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district8th

Hardeman County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,462.[2] Its county seat is Bolivar.[3]

History

Hardeman County was created by the Tennessee General Assembly in 1823 from parts of Hardin County and "Indian lands." It is named for Thomas J. Hardeman[4] (1788-1854), a veteran of the Creek War and the War of 1812 and a prominent figure in the fight for Texas independence. He served as a congressman in the Republic of Texas.[1]

Settlers began arriving in the area that is now Hardeman County in 1819, following a treaty with the Chickasaw allowing settlement in West Tennessee signed on October 19, 1818.[5] Among these earliest settlers were the county's namesame Thomas Hardeman and Ezekiel Polk, the paternal grandfather of president James K. Polk.[6] Thereafter, further settlers arrived from Middle Tennessee, Alabama, North and South Carolina, and Virginia.[5]

The first permanent settlement was established in 1823 along the Hatchie River, dubbed Hatchie Town. The town's location along the river led to recurrent flooding, and ultimately the decision was made to relocate the settlement approximately one mile south to what is now Bolivar.[5][6]

Hardeman County had notable involvement in the Civil War. The Battle of Hatchie's Bridge took place there on October 5, 1862, seeing 900 total casualties. During the war, the Union Army maintained control of the municipality of Grand Junction. The town was thus made a contraband camp by General Ulysses S. Grant, providing education and shelter to formerly enslaved individuals.[5][6] Relating to these engagements, much of downtown Bolivar was burned down during the war.[5][6]

The county is the location of two of Tennessee's four private prisons, the Whiteville Correctional Facility and the Hardeman County Correctional Center. Both are medium-security facilities for men, operated by the Corrections Corporation of America.[7][8]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 670 square miles (1,700 km2), of which 668 square miles (1,730 km2) is land and 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2) (0.4%) is water.[9] It is the fifth-largest county in Tennessee by area.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

State protected areas

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
183011,655—
184014,56325.0%
185017,45619.9%
186017,7691.8%
187018,0741.7%
188022,92126.8%
189021,029−8.3%
190022,9769.3%
191023,0110.2%
192022,278−3.2%
193022,193−0.4%
194023,5906.3%
195023,311−1.2%
196021,517−7.7%
197022,4354.3%
198023,8736.4%
199023,377−2.1%
200028,10520.2%
201027,253−3.0%
202025,462−6.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12]
1990-2000[13] 2010-2014[2]
Age pyramid Hardeman County[15]

2020 census

Hardeman County, Tennessee – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[16] Pop 2010[17] Pop 2020[18] % 20010 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 15,994 15,197 13,970 56.91% 55.76% 54.87%
Black or African American alone (NH) 11,474 11,228 10,150 40.83% 41.20% 39.86%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 66 56 46 0.23% 0.21% 0.18%
Asian alone (NH) 78 145 162 0.28% 0.53% 0.64%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 5 0 6 0.02% 0.00% 0.02%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 13 18 68 0.05% 0.07% 0.27%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) 202 233 566 0.72% 0.85% 2.22%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 273 376 494 0.97% 1.38% 1.94%
Total 28,105 27,253 25,462 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 25,462 people, 8,891 households, and 5,816 families residing in the county.

2010 census

As of the census[19] of 2010 the racial makeup of the county was 56.1% White (non-Hispanic) or European American, 41.01% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. 0.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census

As of the census[19] of 2000, there were 28,105 people, 9,412 households, and 6,767 families residing in the county. The population density was 42 people per square mile (16 people/km2). There were 10,694 housing units at an average density of 16 units per square mile (6.2/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 57.34% White (non-Hispanic) or European American, 40.97% Black or African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. 0.97% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 9,412 households, out of which 32.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.00% were married couples living together, 17.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.90% under the age of 18, 9.80% from 18 to 24, 31.30% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 12.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 116.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,111, and the median income for a family was $34,746. Males had a median income of $27,828 versus $20,759 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,349. About 16.90% of families and 19.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.40% of those under age 18 and 20.80% of those age 65 or over.

Schools

  • Bolivar Central High School
  • Bolivar Middle School
  • Bolivar Elementary School
  • Whiteville Elementary School
  • Middleton High School
  • Middleton Elementary School
  • Toone Elementary School
  • Grand Junction Elementary School
  • Hornsby Elementary School

Communities

Cities

Towns

Unincorporated and historic communities

  • Cloverport
  • Essary Springs
  • Middleburg
  • New Castle
  • Piney Grove
  • Pocahontas
  • Rogers Springs
  • Serles
  • Van Buren
  • Vildo

Politics

Apart from its powerful vote against Hubert Humphrey in 1968 and George McGovern in 1972 as well as George H. W. Bush's 21-vote plurality in 1988, Hardeman County was a solidly Democratic county up until it flipped to Donald Trump in 2016.

United States presidential election results for Hardeman County, Tennessee[20]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 5,760 57.24% 4,180 41.54% 123 1.22%
2016 4,919 53.05% 4,185 45.13% 169 1.82%
2012 4,865 46.60% 5,482 52.51% 92 0.88%
2008 5,225 46.50% 5,919 52.67% 93 0.83%
2004 4,704 44.95% 5,685 54.32% 77 0.74%
2000 3,729 42.36% 4,953 56.26% 121 1.37%
1996 2,961 35.97% 4,859 59.03% 411 4.99%
1992 3,122 36.19% 4,832 56.01% 673 7.80%
1988 3,547 49.69% 3,526 49.40% 65 0.91%
1984 3,712 48.68% 3,797 49.79% 117 1.53%
1980 2,931 40.68% 4,153 57.64% 121 1.68%
1976 2,254 35.95% 3,934 62.74% 82 1.31%
1972 3,494 66.00% 1,550 29.28% 250 4.72%
1968 1,171 20.18% 1,709 29.45% 2,924 50.38%
1964 2,450 47.80% 2,675 52.20% 0 0.00%
1960 1,601 44.42% 1,711 47.48% 292 8.10%
1956 818 24.40% 1,754 52.31% 781 23.29%
1952 1,256 31.17% 2,747 68.18% 26 0.65%
1948 317 9.61% 1,609 48.76% 1,374 41.64%
1944 444 18.50% 1,949 81.21% 7 0.29%
1940 319 11.10% 2,549 88.66% 7 0.24%
1936 157 7.74% 1,869 92.11% 3 0.15%
1932 281 10.49% 2,377 88.69% 22 0.82%
1928 491 25.04% 1,453 74.09% 17 0.87%
1924 254 13.39% 1,586 83.61% 57 3.00%
1920 895 28.59% 2,212 70.67% 23 0.73%
1916 485 21.89% 1,724 77.80% 7 0.32%
1912 320 16.71% 1,323 69.09% 272 14.20%

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Faye Tennyson Davidson, "Hardeman County" Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture; retrieved October 16, 2013.
  2. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ "HAIRSTON - (surname unknown) Mary Ophelia POLK". www.hairston.org. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Hardeman County Tennessee". hardemancounty.org. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d "History". Hardeman County Tennessee. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  7. ^ "Tennessee Department of Correction - Hardeman County Correctional Facility". Archived from the original on April 12, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  8. ^ "Tennessee Department of Correction - Whiteville Correctional Facility". Archived from the original on April 12, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  9. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  10. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  11. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  12. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  13. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  14. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  15. ^ Based on 2000 census data
  16. ^ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Hardeman County, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau.
  17. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hardeman County, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau.
  18. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hardeman County, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau.
  19. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  20. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 10, 2018.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hardeman County, Tennessee.

35°12′N 89°00′W / 35.20°N 89.00°W / 35.20; -89.00

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hardeman_County,_Tennessee&oldid=1224987329"