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[[File:United States Reports.jpg|thumb |
[[File:United States Reports.jpg|thumb|Volumes of the ''United States Reports'']] |
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The '''''United States Reports''''' ({{ISSN|0891-6845}}) are the official record ([[law report]]s) of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]]. They include rulings, orders, case tables (list of every case decided), in alphabetical order both by the name of the petitioner (the losing party in lower courts) and by the name of the respondent (the prevailing party below), and other proceedings. ''United States Reports'', once printed and bound, are the final version of [[judicial opinion|court opinions]] and cannot be changed. |
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Opinions of the court in each case are prepended with a headnote prepared by the [[Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States|Reporter of Decisions]], and any concurring or dissenting opinions are published sequentially. The Court's Publication Office oversees the binding and publication of the volumes of ''United States Reports'', although the actual printing, binding, and publication are performed by private firms under contract with the [[United States Government Publishing Office]]. |
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==Citation== |
==Citation== |
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: ''Brown v. Bd. of Educ.'', 347 U.S. 483 (1954). |
: ''Brown v. Bd. of Educ.'', 347 U.S. 483 (1954). |
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⚫ | This citation indicates that the decision of the Court in the case entitled ''Brown v. Board of Education'', as abbreviated in ''Bluebook'' style for footnotes, was decided in 1954 and can be found in [[List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 347|volume 347]] of the ''United States Reports'' starting on page 483. |
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⚫ | This citation indicates that the decision of the Court in the case entitled ''Brown v. Board of Education'', as abbreviated in ''Bluebook'' style, was decided in 1954 and can be found in [[List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 347|volume 347]] of the ''United States Reports'' starting on page 483. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The early volumes of the ''United States Reports'' were originally published privately by the individual [[Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court Reporters]]. As was [[Nominate reports|the practice in England]], the reports were designated by the names of the reporters who compiled them |
The early volumes of the ''United States Reports'' were originally published privately by the individual [[Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court Reporters]]. As was [[Nominate reports|the practice in England]], the reports were designated by the names of the reporters who compiled them, such as ''Dallas's Reports'' and ''Cranch's Reports''. |
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The decisions appearing in the entire [[United States Reports, volume_1|first volume]] and most of the [[United States Reports, volume 2|second volume]] of ''United States Reports'' are not decisions of the [[ |
The decisions appearing in the entire [[United States Reports, volume_1|first volume]] and most of the [[United States Reports, volume 2|second volume]] of ''United States Reports'' are not decisions of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]]. Instead, they are decisions from various [[Pennsylvania]] courts, dating from the [[Colonial history of the United States|colonial era]] and the first decade after American independence. [[Alexander J. Dallas (statesman)|Alexander Dallas]], a lawyer and journalist, in [[Philadelphia]], had been reporting these cases for newspapers and periodicals. He subsequently began compiling his case reports in a bound volume, which he called ''Reports of cases ruled and adjudged in the courts of Pennsylvania, before and since the Revolution''.<ref>Cohen, Morris and O'Connor, Sharon H. ''A Guide to the Early Reports of the Supreme Court of the United States'', (Fred B. Rothman & Co, Littleton Colorado, 1995)</ref> This would come to be known as the first volume of ''Dallas Reports''. |
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When the United States Supreme Court, along with the rest of the new Federal Government moved, in 1791, from New York City to the nation's temporary capital in Philadelphia, Dallas was appointed the Supreme Court's first unofficial, and unpaid, Supreme Court Reporter. |
When the United States Supreme Court, along with the rest of the new Federal Government moved, in 1791, from [[New York City]] to the nation's temporary capital in [[Philadelphia]], Dallas was appointed the Supreme Court's first unofficial, and unpaid, Supreme Court Reporter. Court reporters in that age received no salary, but were expected to profit from the publication and sale of their compiled decisions. Dallas continued to collect and publish Pennsylvania decisions in a second volume of his Reports. |
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When the U.S. Supreme Court began to hear cases, he added those cases to his reports, starting |
When the U.S. Supreme Court began to hear cases, he added those cases to his reports, starting near the end of the second volume, ''2 Dallas Reports'', with ''[[West v. Barnes]]'' (1791). As [[Lawrence M. Friedman]] has explained: "In this volume, quietly and unobtrusively, began that magnificent series of reports, extending in an unbroken line to the present, that chronicles the work of the world's most powerful court."<ref name="Friedman">{{cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Lawrence M. |title=A History of American Law |date=2019 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=9780190070915 |pages=308–310 |edition=4th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5KwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA308 |access-date=November 7, 2020}}</ref> Dallas went on to publish a total of four volumes of decisions during his tenure as Reporter. |
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When the Supreme Court moved to [[Washington, D.C.]] in 1800, Dallas remained in Philadelphia, and [[William Cranch]] took over as unofficial reporter of decisions. In 1817, Congress made the Reporter of Decisions an official, salaried position,<ref>Act of March 3, 1817, ch. 63, {{usstat|3|376}}.</ref> although the publication of the Reports remained a private enterprise for the reporter's personal gain. The reports themselves were the subject of an early copyright case, ''[[Wheaton v. Peters]]'', in which former reporter [[Henry Wheaton]] sued then current reporter [[Richard Peters (reporter)|Richard Peters]] for reprinting cases from ''Wheaton's Reports'' in abridged form. |
When the Supreme Court moved to [[Washington, D.C.]] in 1800, Dallas remained in Philadelphia, and [[William Cranch]] took over as unofficial reporter of decisions. In 1817, Congress made the Reporter of Decisions an official, salaried position,<ref>Act of March 3, 1817, ch. 63, {{usstat|3|376}}.</ref> although the publication of the Reports remained a private enterprise for the reporter's personal gain. The reports themselves were the subject of an early copyright case, ''[[Wheaton v. Peters]]'', in which former reporter [[Henry Wheaton]] sued then current reporter [[Richard Peters (reporter)|Richard Peters]] for reprinting cases from ''Wheaton's Reports'' in abridged form. |
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In 1874, the U.S. government began to fund the reports' publication ({{usstat|18|204}}), creating the ''United States Reports''. The [[Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States#List of reporters|earlier, private reports]] were retroactively numbered volumes 1–90 of the ''United States Reports'', starting from the first volume of ''Dallas Reports''.<ref>Hall, Kermit, ed. ''Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States'' (Oxford 1992), p 215, 727</ref> Therefore, decisions appearing in these early reports have dual citation forms: one for the volume number of the United States Reports, and one for the set of nominate reports. For example, the complete citation to ''[[McCulloch v. Maryland]]'' is 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316 (1819). |
In 1874, the U.S. government began to fund the reports' publication ({{usstat|18|204}}), creating the ''United States Reports''. The [[Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States#List of reporters|earlier, private reports]] were retroactively numbered volumes 1–90 of the ''United States Reports'', starting from the first volume of ''Dallas Reports''.<ref>Hall, Kermit, ed. ''Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States'' (Oxford 1992), p 215, 727</ref> Therefore, decisions appearing in these early reports have dual citation forms: one for the volume number of the ''United States Reports'', and one for the set of nominate reports. For example, the complete citation to ''[[McCulloch v. Maryland]]'' is 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316 (1819). |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume]] |
*[[Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume]] |
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*[[National Reporter System]] |
*[[National Reporter System]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{wikisource|United States Reports}} |
{{wikisource|United States Reports}} |
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{{Commons category}} |
{{Commons category}} |
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* [https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/info_opinions.aspx United States Supreme Court: Information About Opinions] |
* [https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/info_opinions.aspx "United States Supreme Court: Information About Opinions"] |
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* [https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/boundvolumes.aspx United States Supreme Court: Bound Volumes – Lists of PDFs] |
* [https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/boundvolumes.aspx "United States Supreme Court: Bound Volumes – Lists of PDFs"] |
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* [ |
* [https://www.loc.gov/collections/united-states-reports/about-this-collection/ "Library of Congress: United States Reports"] |
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* [http://www.mediafire.com/?5z2p6316f2qjiuc "Torrents of United States Reports 502–550 (1991–2006)"] |
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{{SCOTUS horizontal}} |
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{{SCOTUSCases}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Publications of the United States government]] |
[[Category:Publications of the United States government]] |
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[[Category:Supreme Court of the United States]] |
[[Category:Supreme Court of the United States]] |
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Revision as of 20:28, 7 June 2024
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/United_States_Reports.jpg/220px-United_States_Reports.jpg)
The United States Reports (ISSN 0891-6845) are the official record (law reports) of the Supreme Court of the United States. They include rulings, orders, case tables (list of every case decided), in alphabetical order both by the name of the petitioner (the losing party in lower courts) and by the name of the respondent (the prevailing party below), and other proceedings. United States Reports, once printed and bound, are the final version of court opinions and cannot be changed.
Opinions of the court in each case are prepended with a headnote prepared by the Reporter of Decisions, and any concurring or dissenting opinions are published sequentially. The Court's Publication Office oversees the binding and publication of the volumes of United States Reports, although the actual printing, binding, and publication are performed by private firms under contract with the United States Government Publishing Office.
Citation
For lawyers, citations to United States Reports are the standard reference for Supreme Court decisions. Following The Bluebook, a commonly accepted citation protocol, the case Brown, et al., v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, for example, would be cited as:
- Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
This citation indicates that the decision of the Court in the case entitled Brown v. Board of Education, as abbreviated in Bluebook style for footnotes, was decided in 1954 and can be found in volume 347 of the United States Reports starting on page 483.
History
The early volumes of the United States Reports were originally published privately by the individual Supreme Court Reporters. As was the practice in England, the reports were designated by the names of the reporters who compiled them, such as Dallas's Reports and Cranch's Reports.
The decisions appearing in the entire first volume and most of the second volume of United States Reports are not decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. Instead, they are decisions from various Pennsylvania courts, dating from the colonial era and the first decade after American independence. Alexander Dallas, a lawyer and journalist, in Philadelphia, had been reporting these cases for newspapers and periodicals. He subsequently began compiling his case reports in a bound volume, which he called Reports of cases ruled and adjudged in the courts of Pennsylvania, before and since the Revolution.[1] This would come to be known as the first volume of Dallas Reports.
When the United States Supreme Court, along with the rest of the new Federal Government moved, in 1791, from New York City to the nation's temporary capital in Philadelphia, Dallas was appointed the Supreme Court's first unofficial, and unpaid, Supreme Court Reporter. Court reporters in that age received no salary, but were expected to profit from the publication and sale of their compiled decisions. Dallas continued to collect and publish Pennsylvania decisions in a second volume of his Reports.
When the U.S. Supreme Court began to hear cases, he added those cases to his reports, starting near the end of the second volume, 2 Dallas Reports, with West v. Barnes (1791). As Lawrence M. Friedman has explained: "In this volume, quietly and unobtrusively, began that magnificent series of reports, extending in an unbroken line to the present, that chronicles the work of the world's most powerful court."[2] Dallas went on to publish a total of four volumes of decisions during his tenure as Reporter.
When the Supreme Court moved to Washington, D.C. in 1800, Dallas remained in Philadelphia, and William Cranch took over as unofficial reporter of decisions. In 1817, Congress made the Reporter of Decisions an official, salaried position,[3] although the publication of the Reports remained a private enterprise for the reporter's personal gain. The reports themselves were the subject of an early copyright case, Wheaton v. Peters, in which former reporter Henry Wheaton sued then current reporter Richard Peters for reprinting cases from Wheaton's Reports in abridged form.
In 1874, the U.S. government began to fund the reports' publication (18 Stat. 204), creating the United States Reports. The earlier, private reports were retroactively numbered volumes 1–90 of the United States Reports, starting from the first volume of Dallas Reports.[4] Therefore, decisions appearing in these early reports have dual citation forms: one for the volume number of the United States Reports, and one for the set of nominate reports. For example, the complete citation to McCulloch v. Maryland is 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316 (1819).
See also
- Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume
- National Reporter System
- Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States
References
- ^ Cohen, Morris and O'Connor, Sharon H. A Guide to the Early Reports of the Supreme Court of the United States, (Fred B. Rothman & Co, Littleton Colorado, 1995)
- ^ Friedman, Lawrence M. (2019). A History of American Law (4th ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 308–310. ISBN 9780190070915. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Act of March 3, 1817, ch. 63, 3 Stat. 376.
- ^ Hall, Kermit, ed. Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (Oxford 1992), p 215, 727
External links
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)