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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Short description|Overview of the history of Jainism in Bengal region of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
'''{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}'''
[[File:Sheetalnath Mandir full view.jpg|thumb|The [[Calcutta Jain Temple]]]]
{{Jainism}}
{{Jainism}}
Archaeological evidence shows Jainism was a significant religion in Bengal during the early historic period.<ref>Bibliography PC Bagchi, 'Development of Religious Ideas' in RC Majumdar (ed), History of Bengal, Vol-1, Dacca, 1968 (2nd edn);</ref>
Archaeological evidence shows [[Jainism]] was a significant religion in [[Bengal region]] during the early historic period.<ref>Bibliography PC Bagchi, 'Development of Religious Ideas' in RC Majumdar (ed), History of Bengal, Vol-1, Dacca, 1968 (2nd edn);</ref>


==Sarak==
==Sarak==
{{Main|Sarak}}
{{Main|Sarak}}
Saraks are a Jain community in [[Bihar]], [[Bengal]], [[Orissa]] and [[Jharkhand]]. They have been followers of [[Jainism]] since ancient times, however they were isolated and separated from the main body of the [[Jain community]] in western, northern and southern India.
Saraks are a Jain community in [[Bihar]], [[Bengal]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] and [[Jharkhand]]. They have been followers of [[Jainism]] since ancient times; however, they were isolated and sain community in western, northern and southern India.


According to Ramesh Chandra Majumder, the Jain scholar [[Bhadrabahu]], the second Louhacharya and the author of Kalpa Sutra may have come from the Sarak community.<ref name="kundu">{{cite book |title=Bangali Hindu Jati Parichay |trans_title=An Introduction of Bengali Hindu Castes |language=Bengali |last=Kundu |first=Santosh Kumar |year=2008 |publisher=Presidency Library |location=Kolkata |isbn=978-81-89466-13-8 |pages=273–275}}</ref> The Saraks were agriculturists and moneylenders having landed properties.
According to Ramesh Chandra Majumder, the Jain scholar [[Bhadrabahu]], the second Louhacharya and the author of Kalpa Sutra may have come from the Sarak community.<ref name="kundu">{{cite book |title=Bangali Hindu Jati Parichay |trans-title=An Introduction of Bengali Hindu Castes |language=bn |last=Kundu |first=Santosh Kumar |year=2008 |publisher=Presidency Library |location=Kolkata |isbn=978-81-89466-13-8 |pages=273–275}}</ref> The Saraks were agriculturists and moneylenders having landed properties.


They have continued to remain [[Jain vegetarianism|vegetarian]] even though this practice is uncommon among other communities in the region. Saraks have [[Parshva]] as a favored patron and recite the [[Namokar Mantra|Ṇamōkāra mantra]]. The 24th [[Tirthankara]] [[Mahavira]] visited this region according to the [[Kalpasutra (Jainism)|Kalpa Sūtra]].
They have continued to remain [[Jain vegetarianism|vegetarian]] even though this practice is uncommon among other communities in the region. Saraks have [[Parshva]] as a favored patron and recite the [[Namokar Mantra|Ṇamōkāra mantra]]. The 24th [[Tirthankara]] [[Mahavira]] visited this region according to the [[Kalpasutra (Jainism)|Kalpa Sūtra]].


The Saraks lost contact with Jains in the rest of India after its conquest by [[Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji]]. Contact with the Digambara [[Jainism in Bundelkhand|Bundelkhand Jains]] was reestablished when the [[Parwar (Jain)|Parwars]] Manju Chaudhary (1720–1785) was appointed the governor of [[Cuttack]] by the [[Maratha Empire]].
The Saraks lost contact with Jains in the rest of India after its conquest by [[Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji]]. Contact with the Digambara [[Jainism in Bundelkhand|Bundelkhand Jains]] was reestablished when the [[Parwar (Jain)|Parwars]] Manju Chaudhary (1720–1785) was appointed the governor of [[Cuttack]] by the [[Maratha Empire]].


In 2009, more than 165 Sarak Jains living in parts of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand visited the ancient Jain pilgrimage center of [[Shravanabelagola]]. A special function to welcome the Sarak Jains was organised at Shravanabelagola.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/News/2009/09-Sept/02_News_Updates_001.htm |title=> News Updates |publisher=Www.Jainheritagecentres.Com |date=2009-09-02 |accessdate=2012-05-19}}</ref>
In 2009, more than 165 Sarak Jains living in parts of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand visited the ancient Jain pilgrimage center of [[Shravanabelagola]]. A special function to welcome the Sarak Jains was organised at Shravanabelagola.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/News/2009/09-Sept/02_News_Updates_001.htm |title=> News Updates |publisher=Www.Jainheritagecentres.Com |date=2009-09-02 |access-date=2012-05-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223043115/http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/News/2009/09-Sept/02_News_Updates_001.htm |archive-date=23 December 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


== Population ==
== Population ==
Line 26: Line 28:
! # || District || Total population || Jain population || %
! # || District || Total population || Jain population || %
|-
|-
| 1 || [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]] || 4,496,694 || 21,178 || 0.47%
| 1 || [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]] || 4,496,694 ||
254678 || 4.09%

|-
|-
| 2 || [[Haora district|Haora ]] || 4,850,029 || 9,699 || 0.20%
| 2 || [[Haora district|Haora]] || 4,850,029 || 9,699 || 0.20%
|-
|-
| 3 || [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]] || 10,009,781 || 4,452 || 0.04%
| 3 || [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]] || 10,009,781 || 4,452 || 0.04%
Line 34: Line 38:
| 4 || [[Puruliya district|Puruliya]] || 2,930,115 || 3,052 || 0.10%
| 4 || [[Puruliya district|Puruliya]] || 2,930,115 || 3,052 || 0.10%
|-
|-
| 5 || [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad ]] || 7,103,807 || 3,037 || 0.04%
| 5 || [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]] || 7,103,807 || 3,037 || 0.04%
|-
|-
| 6 || [[Bankura district|Bankura ]] || 3,596,674 || 2,904 || 0.08%
| 6 || || 3,596,674 || 2,904 || 0.08%
|-
|-
| 7 || [[Hugli district|Hugli ]] || 5,519,145 || 2,160 || 0.04%
| 7 || [[Hugli district|Hugli]] || 5,519,145 || 2,160 || 0.04%
|-
|-
| 8 || [[Koch Bihar district|Koch Bihar ]] || 2,819,086 || 1,869 || 0.07%
| 8 || [[Koch Bihar district|Koch Bihar]] || 2,819,086 || 1,869 || 0.07%
|-
|-
| 9 || [[Darjiling district|Darjiling ]] || 1,846,823 || 1,840 || 0.10%
| 9 || [[Darjiling district|Darjiling]] || 1,846,823 || 1,840 || 0.10%
|-
|-
| 10 || [[Barddhaman district|Barddhaman ]] || 7,717,563 || 1,674 || 0.02%
| 10 || [[Barddhaman district|Barddhaman]] || 7,717,563 || 1,674 || 0.02%
|-
|-
| 11 || [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]] || 5,913,457 || 1,550 || 0.03%
| 11 || [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]] || 5,913,457 || 1,550 || 0.03%
|-
|-
| 12 || [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri ]] || 3,872,846 || 1,461 || 0.04%
| 12 || [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] || 3,872,846 || 1,461 || 0.04%
|-
|-
| 13 || [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]] || 3,007,134 || 1,324 || 0.04%
| 13 || [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]] || 3,007,134 || 1,324 || 0.04%
Line 56: Line 60:
| 15 || [[South 24 Parganas district|South 24 Parganas]] || 8,161,961 || 972 || 0.01%
| 15 || [[South 24 Parganas district|South 24 Parganas]] || 8,161,961 || 972 || 0.01%
|-
|-
| 16 || [[Maldah district|Maldah ]] || 3,988,845 || 639 || 0.02%
| 16 || [[Maldah district|Maldah]] || 3,988,845 || 639 || 0.02%
|-
|-
| 17 || [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]] || 5,095,875 || 574 || 0.01%
| 17 || [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]] || 5,095,875 || 574 || 0.01%
Line 62: Line 66:
| 18 || [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]] || 1,676,276 || 323 || 0.02%
| 18 || [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]] || 1,676,276 || 323 || 0.02%
|-
|-
| 19 || [[Nadia district|Nadia ]] || 5,167,600 || 281 || 0.01%
| 19 || [[Nadia district|Nadia]] || 5,167,600 || 281 || 0.01%
|-
|-
| || '''West Bengal''' (Total) || 91,276,115 || 60,141 || 0.07%
| || '''West Bengal''' (Total) || 91,276,115 || 60,141 || 0.07%
Line 70: Line 74:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Trends in Jain population of West Bengal<ref name="BPSR_2015">{{cite news |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/news/opinion/bengal-s-topsy-turvy-population-growth/93152.html |title=Bengal’s topsy-turvy population growth |author=B.P. Syam Roy |newspaper=The Statesman |date=28 September 2015 }}</ref>
|+ Trends in Jain population of West Bengal<ref name="BPSR_2015">{{cite news |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/news/opinion/bengal-s-topsy-turvy-population-growth/93152.html |title=Bengal's topsy-turvy population growth |author=B.P. Syam Roy |newspaper=The Statesman |date=28 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910125228/http://www.thestatesman.com/news/opinion/bengal-s-topsy-turvy-population-growth/93152.html |archive-date=10 September 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
! Census year
! Census year
! % of total population
! % of total population
Line 87: Line 91:
|-
|-
| 2011 || 0.06%
| 2011 || 0.06%
|}It is to ensure that the above mentioned data is incorrect while the actual percent is very high for jains and other religions those following Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam and others. So far my details and research the population is also wrong for the above mentioned cases. Thanks for your attention. Thank you. Edited by hindustani .. express
|}


== Temples ==
== Temples ==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Pakbirra Jain Shrine of Purulia 04.jpg|[[Jain temple]], Pakbirra, Purulia
File:Pakbirra Jain Shrine of Purulia 04.jpg|[[Pakbirra Jain temples]], [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
File:Belgachhia Pareshnath Mandir (1).jpg|[[Belgachia#Jain Temple|Belgachhia Pareshnath Mandir]]
Large_Statue_of_Shitalanatha_at_Pakbirra_03.jpg|Large Statue of Shitalanatha at Pakbirra
File:Sat Deul 6.jpg|[[Sat Deul]], Deulia
Pakbirra Jain Shrine of Purulia 01.jpg|Jain temple in Pakbirra
Statue of Adinath at Pakbirra Jain Shrine of Purulia 05.jpg|Jain idol, Pakbirra
File:Deul at Banda, Purulia WLM2016-0207.jpg|Banda Jain temple
File:Stone Deul at Charara.jpg|Deul at Charara
Sheetalnath_Temple_with_Fountain_-_Sheetalnath_Temple_and_Garden_Complex_-_Kolkata_2014-02-23_9490.JPG|Shitalanatha Temple, Kolkata
File:Deulbhira Taldangra block (05).jpg|Parshvanatha temple, Deulbhira
File:Deul of Harmashra (28).jpg|[[Harmasra#Culture|Harmasra Jain temple]]
File:Deul of Dharapat (03).jpg|Deul at Dharapat
File:Barabazar Swetambar Jain Temple entrance view at Kolkata.jpg|Panchayati Temple, Bara Bazar
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Commons category|Jainism in Bengal}}
{{Commons category|Jainism in West Bengal}}
{{portal|Jainism|India|West Bengal}}
{{Portal|Religion|India}}
*[[Jain community]]
*[[Jain community]]
* [[Sarak]]
* [[Sarak]]
* [[Basudih]]
* [[Basudih]]


==References==
==Re==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Jain centres in West Bengal}}
{{Jain centres in West Bengal}}
{{Jainism topics}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Jainism In Bengal}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jainism In Bengal}}
[[Category:Jain community]]
[[Category:Jain communities]]
[[Category:Jainism in India]]
[[Category:Jainism in India]]
[[Category:History of West Bengal]]
[[Category:History of Bengal]]

Latest revision as of 14:18, 18 June 2024

The Calcutta Jain Temple
Part of a series on
Jainism
Philosophy
Ethics
Ethics of Jainism
Mahavratas (major vows)
Anuvratas (further vows)
Jain prayers
Major figures
Major sects
Schools and Branches
Jain literature
Festivals
Pilgrimages
Tirth
Other

Archaeological evidence shows Jainism was a significant religion in Bengal region during the early historic period.[1]

Sarak[edit]

Main article: Sarak

Saraks are a Jain community in Bihar, Bengal, Orissa and Jharkhand. They have been followers of Jainism since ancient times; however, they were isolated and sain community in western, northern and southern India.

According to Ramesh Chandra Majumder, the Jain scholar Bhadrabahu, the second Louhacharya and the author of Kalpa Sutra may have come from the Sarak community.[2] The Saraks were agriculturists and moneylenders having landed properties.

They have continued to remain vegetarian even though this practice is uncommon among other communities in the region. Saraks have Parshva as a favored patron and recite the Ṇamōkāra mantra. The 24th Tirthankara Mahavira visited this region according to the Kalpa Sūtra.

The Saraks lost contact with Jains in the rest of India after its conquest by Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji. Contact with the Digambara Bundelkhand Jains was reestablished when the Parwars Manju Chaudhary (1720–1785) was appointed the governor of Cuttack by the Maratha Empire.

In 2009, more than 165 Sarak Jains living in parts of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand visited the ancient Jain pilgrimage center of Shravanabelagola. A special function to welcome the Sarak Jains was organised at Shravanabelagola.[3]

Population[edit]

Population by district[edit]

Most of the Bengali Jains now live in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Jains in West Bengal by district (2011)[4]
# District Total population Jain population %
1 Kolkata 4,496,694

254678 || 4.09%

2 Haora 4,850,029 9,699 0.20%
3 North 24 Parganas 10,009,781 4,452 0.04%
4 Puruliya 2,930,115 3,052 0.10%
5 Murshidabad 7,103,807 3,037 0.04%
6 3,596,674 2,904 0.08%
7 Hugli 5,519,145 2,160 0.04%
8 Koch Bihar 2,819,086 1,869 0.07%
9 Darjiling 1,846,823 1,840 0.10%
10 Barddhaman 7,717,563 1,674 0.02%
11 Paschim Medinipur 5,913,457 1,550 0.03%
12 Jalpaiguri 3,872,846 1,461 0.04%
13 Uttar Dinajpur 3,007,134 1,324 0.04%
14 Birbhum 3,502,404 1,152 0.03%
15 South 24 Parganas 8,161,961 972 0.01%
16 Maldah 3,988,845 639 0.02%
17 Purba Medinipur 5,095,875 574 0.01%
18 Dakshin Dinajpur 1,676,276 323 0.02%
19 Nadia 5,167,600 281 0.01%
West Bengal (Total) 91,276,115 60,141 0.07%

Trends[edit]

Trends in Jain population of West Bengal[5]
Census year % of total population
1951 0.08%
1961 0.08%
1971 0.07%
1981 0.07%
1991 0.05%
2001 0.07%
2011 0.06%

It is to ensure that the above mentioned data is incorrect while the actual percent is very high for jains and other religions those following Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam and others. So far my details and research the population is also wrong for the above mentioned cases. Thanks for your attention. Thank you. Edited by hindustani .. express

Temples[edit]

See also[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jainism in West Bengal.

Re[edit]

  1. ^ Bibliography PC Bagchi, 'Development of Religious Ideas' in RC Majumdar (ed), History of Bengal, Vol-1, Dacca, 1968 (2nd edn);
  2. ^ Kundu, Santosh Kumar (2008). Bangali Hindu Jati Parichay [An Introduction of Bengali Hindu Castes] (in Bengali). Kolkata: Presidency Library. pp. 273–275. ISBN 978-81-89466-13-8.
  3. ^ "> News Updates". Www.Jainheritagecentres.Com. 2 September 2009. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  4. ^ Population by religious community: West Bengal. 2011 Census of India.
  5. ^ B.P. Syam Roy (28 September 2015). "Bengal's topsy-turvy population growth". The Statesman. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016.
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