Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias: Difference between revisions

WikiProject Countering systemic bias
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This WikiProject is believed to be semi-active.

Although activity is slower than it once was, anyone is welcome to participate in the project.

Remove the |Semi-active parameter from this template if activity resumes or if this tag was changed in error. If almost no activity occurs in this WikiProject, consider replacing this tag with {{WikiProject status|Inactive}}.

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The Wikipedia project contains several types of WP:NPOV violations that arise from systemic bias in the demographics of the editor community.^[1] Encyclopedic coverage is imbalanced and often omits points of view from under-represented demographic groups. Systemic bias on Wikipedia may take the form of gender, geographical, racial, ideological, and other forms of bias.

See § Further reading for studies, statistics, and more information that demonstrate contributor or subject imbalances.

Goals[edit]

Reduce systemic bias on Wikipedia as much as possible, consciously focusing upon subjects and points of view neglected by the encyclopedia as a whole.
Improve the editing community's understanding of the systemic bias in Wikipedia by reviewing existing scholarship and ensuring that recent studies about Wikipedia's systemic bias are included as sources, both in articles and discussions among editors. Ensure that sections about systemic bias in these articles are clear, complete, and concise.

Scope[edit]

The first goal is extremely broad, as under-represented POVs may affect almost any article. It may be advisable to focus on projects within the scope of the related WikiProjects listed below.

The second goal can be accomplished by WikiProject members sharing the latest research about Wikipedia's systemic bias on this WikiProject's talk page, as well as in articles about Wikipedia itself and in relevant content and policy discussions among editors.

Systemic bias in coverage and selection of articles[edit]

Research consistently finds systemic bias in Wikipedia's selection of articles in its various language editions.^[1]^[2] This bias leads, without necessarily any conscious intention, to the propagation of various prejudices and omission of important information. Wikipedia's increasing influence on the way people comprehend the world makes this bias a potentially serious threat.

Selection based on gender bias[edit]

Wikipedia has a longstanding controversy concerning gender bias and sexism.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] Wikipedia has been criticized^[3] by some journalists and academics for lacking not only female contributors but also extensive and in-depth encyclopedic attention to many topics regarding gender. An article in The New York Times cites a Wikimedia Foundation study which found that fewer than 13% of contributors to Wikipedia were women. Sue Gardner, then the executive director of the foundation, said increasing diversity was about making the encyclopedia "as good as it could be". Factors the article cited as possibly discouraging women from editing included the "obsessive fact-loving realm", associations with the "hard-driving hacker crowd", and the necessity to be "open to very difficult, high-conflict people, even misogynists".^[4]

Selection based on racial bias[edit]

A challenge for editors trying to add Black history articles to Wikipedia is the requirement that potential article topics, such as historical individuals or events, meet Wikipedia's "notability" criteria. Sara Boboltz of HuffPost wrote that the Wikipedia notability criteria "is a troubling problem for those fighting for more content about women and minorities", because "there's simply less [published] documentation on many accomplished women and minorities throughout history – they were often ignored, after all, or forced to make their contributions as someone else's assistant."^[9]

Maher stated that one issue is that "content on Wikipedia has to be backed up by secondary sources, sources that she says throughout history have contained a bias toward white men;" "people of color have not been represented in mainstream knowledge creation or inclusion in that knowledge," as "encyclopedias of old were mostly written by European men."^[10]

Although these assume bias, the presence of white nationalists and other far-right extremists on Wikipedia is an ongoing problem that is unlikely to go away in the near future given the rightward political shift in countries where the majority of the site’s users live." The SPLC cited the article Race and intelligence as an example of the alt-right influence on Wikipedia, stating that at that time the article presented a "false balance" between fringe racialist views and the "mainstream perspective in psychology."^[11]

Selection based on ideological bias[edit]

Task forces[edit]

Some task forces that focus on particular aspects of systemic bias are linked below:

Defunct task forces[edit]

Talk pages for the following task forces have not been edited in over a year:

Tasks[edit]

This gallery of images from education implies that Africans and Asians don't have advanced education system while Westerners do. A way to solve this disparity is to add images of university students in Africa and Asia.

There are many things you may do, listed roughly from least to most intensive:

Sign up as a participant and mention any interests you may have related to CSB. Watch the talk page, and participate in discussions there.
Read news articles and other sources from political view points you wouldn't normally read or in other languages. If you're multilingual, translate articles from other languages.
Consciously edit topics that are systemically under-represented, such as geographic places in Africa. Changing one out of every twenty of your edits to something outside your "comfort zone" would be substantial.
Create articles for underrepresented groups and topics. Women in Red keeps a list of potentially notable women that do not have articles on the English Wikipedia.
Be careful not to worsen the bias with your deletion nominations. If you are not familiar with a subject area, discuss your concerns on appropriate forums before making an AfD nomination.
Review articles being discussed for deletion. Advocate to keep suitable articles about under-represented topics. Improve articles that are being considered for deletion. For example, use WikiProject delete sorting to review deletion nominations of biographies about women WP:DS/WOMEN
Change the demographic of Wikipedia. Encourage friends and acquaintances that you know have interests that are not well-represented on Wikipedia to edit. If you are at high school or university, contact a professor in minority, women's, or critical studies, explain the problem, and ask if they would be willing to encourage students to write for Wikipedia.

Related WikiProjects and regional noticeboards[edit]

There are several WikiProjects and regional notice boards that have potential to help out in our efforts. We may also eventually want to create new WikiProjects as part of this effort.

WikiProjects:

See also:

Category:WikiProjects relevant for countering systemic bias
{{Infobox WikiProject}}, which has a |csb=yes parameter putting projects in that category
Hinduism-related topics notice board
Article Rescue Squadron
Hinduism-related topics notice board
Article Rescue Squadron
Middle Eastern military history task force
Middle Eastern military history task force
WikiProject Visual arts/Global visual art taskforce (art from non-Western cultures to balance the strong systemic bias towards the Western canon)
Wikipedia:WikiProject Football/Women's football task force

Africa[edit]

Latin America or the Caribbean[edit]

WikiProject Mexican-Americans

See also:

Caribbean Wikipedians' notice board
Argentina-related regional notice board
WikiProject Echo, which translates pages from other WikiProjects

Asia[edit]

Also

Europe[edit]

Other projects[edit]

meta:Wikimedia urban postering campaign
Wikipedia:WikiProject Interlanguage Links/Ideas from the Hebrew Wikipedia - a project in the Hebrew Wikipedia, and in the first stages of being exported to other languages, to add interlanguage links to articles which don't have them. One of its positive side effects is that it facilitates writing articles about the culture specific to that language.
Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/Mathematics

Related cleanup templates[edit]

The template {{globalize}} may be placed to produce

The template {{toofewopinions}} may be placed to produce

The template {{religion primary}} may be placed to produce

The template {{recentism}} may be placed to produce

When these templates are used they should be accompanied by a brief note on the talk page to outline what exactly you feel needs to be addressed.

Members[edit]

Please add your name to the members page.

We of course encourage all members of WikiProject Countering systemic bias, to also promote their membership to other Wikipedians, by adding the Userbox template to their personal user page. This is fast and easy to do. You only need to add this line at your user page: {{User WikiProject Countering systemic bias}}, and then you will find this wonderful blue userbox displayed:

This user is a participant in
WikiProject Countering systemic bias.

If you have specific interests relating to countering systemic bias, feel free to briefly describe them there or on this Wikiproject's talk page so we can get a sense of the strengths of the project.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Hube, Christoph (2017-04-03). "Bias in Wikipedia". Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion. WWW '17 Companion. Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee: 717–721. doi:10.1145/3041021.3053375. ISBN 978-1-4503-4914-7.
^ Livingstone, Randall M. (2010-11-23). "Let's Leave the Bias to the Mainstream Media: A Wikipedia Community Fighting for Information Neutrality". M/C Journal. 13 (6). doi:10.5204/mcj.315. ISSN 1441-2616.
^ ^a ^b Cassell, Justine (February 4, 2011). "Editing Wars Behind the Scenes". New York Times.
^ ^a ^b Noam Cohen, "Define Gender Gap? Look Up Wikipedia's Contributor List," The New York Times. Found at The New York Times, January 31, 2011.
^ "Wikipedia's Women Problem". Nybooks.com. 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
^ Wikipedia's Sexism Toward Women Novelists
^ Dunn, Gaby (2013-05-01). "Does Sexism Lurk?". Dailydot.com. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
^ Zandt, Deanna. "Yes, Wikipedia is Sexist". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
^ Boboltz, Sara (April 15, 2015). "Editors Are Trying To Fix Wikipedia's Gender And Racial Bias Problem". HuffPost. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
^ Lapowski, Issie (March 5, 2015). "Meet the Editors Fighting Racism and Sexism on Wikipedia". wired.com. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
^ Ward, Justin (March 12, 2018). "Wikipedia wars: inside the fight against far-right editors, vandals and sock puppets". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved June 16, 2023.

External links[edit]

[Hube2017-1] Hube, Christoph (2017-04-03). "Bias in Wikipedia". Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion. WWW '17 Companion. Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee: 717–721. doi:10.1145/3041021.3053375. ISBN 978-1-4503-4914-7.

[Livingstone2010-2] Livingstone, Randall M. (2010-11-23). "Let's Leave the Bias to the Mainstream Media: A Wikipedia Community Fighting for Information Neutrality". M/C Journal. 13 (6). doi:10.5204/mcj.315. ISSN 1441-2616.

[nytimes-3] Cassell, Justine (February 4, 2011). "Editing Wars Behind the Scenes". New York Times.

[nytimes_a-4] Noam Cohen, "Define Gender Gap? Look Up Wikipedia's Contributor List," The New York Times. Found at The New York Times, January 31, 2011.

[5] "Wikipedia's Women Problem". Nybooks.com. 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2013-11-19.

[6] Wikipedia's Sexism Toward Women Novelists

[7] Dunn, Gaby (2013-05-01). "Does Sexism Lurk?". Dailydot.com. Retrieved 2013-11-19.

[8] Zandt, Deanna. "Yes, Wikipedia is Sexist". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2013-11-19.

[9] Boboltz, Sara (April 15, 2015). "Editors Are Trying To Fix Wikipedia's Gender And Racial Bias Problem". HuffPost. Retrieved June 16, 2023.

[10] Lapowski, Issie (March 5, 2015). "Meet the Editors Fighting Racism and Sexism on Wikipedia". wired.com. Retrieved June 16, 2023.

[11] Ward, Justin (March 12, 2018). "Wikipedia wars: inside the fight against far-right editors, vandals and sock puppets". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved June 16, 2023.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Seealso|Wikipedia:Systemic bias}}
 {{redir|WP:GLOBALIZE|the template|Template:Globalize}}
-{{WikiProject status|semi inactive|sc=WP:CSB}}
+{{WikiProject status|semi-active|sc=WP:CSB}}
 {{Infobox WikiProject
  | name = Countering systemic bias
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
  | image = AS4-1-410HR.jpg
  | imagesize = 280px
- | caption = An off-center image of Earth captured in [[Apollo 4]] with [[Antarctica]] on top. This is the first ever color image of the Earth in [[medium Earth orbit]].
+ | caption = Earth photographed by [[Apollo 4]] with [[Antarctica]] on top. This is the first color image of the Earth in [[medium Earth orbit]].
  | shortcuts = [[WP:CSB]]
  | category = WikiProject Countering systemic bias
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 }}
-The [[WP:ABOUT|Wikipedia]] project contains several types of [[WP:NPOV]] violations that arise from [[systemic bias]] in the demographics of the editor community.<ref name="Hube2017">{{Cite journal |last=Hube |first=Christoph |date=2017-04-03 |title=Bias in Wikipedia |url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3053375 |journal=Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion |series=WWW '17 Companion |location=Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE |publisher=International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee |pages=717–721 |doi=10.1145/3041021.3053375 |isbn=978-1-4503-4914-7}}</ref> Encyclopedic coverage is imbalanced and often omits points of view from under-represented demographic groups. [[WP:BIAS|Systemic bias on Wikipedia]] may take the form of [[Gender bias on Wikipedia|gender]], [[Geographical bias on Wikipedia|geographical]], [[Racial bias on Wikipedia|racial]], [[Ideological bias on Wikipedia|ideological]] and other forms of bias.
+The [[WP:ABOUT|Wikipedia]] project contains several types of [[WP:NPOV]] violations that arise from [[systemic bias]] in the demographics of the editor community.<ref name="Hube2017">{{Cite journal |last=Hube |first=Christoph |date=2017-04-03 |title=Bias in Wikipedia |url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3053375 |journal=Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion |series=WWW '17 Companion |location=Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE |publisher=International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee |pages=717–721 |doi=10.1145/3041021.3053375 |isbn=978-1-4503-4914-7}}</ref> Encyclopedic coverage is imbalanced and often omits points of view from under-represented demographic groups. [[WP:BIAS|Systemic bias on Wikipedia]] may take the form of [[Gender bias on Wikipedia|gender]], [[Geographical bias on Wikipedia|geographical]], [[Racial bias on Wikipedia|racial]], [[Ideological bias on Wikipedia|ideological]], and other forms of bias.
 See [[#Further reading|§&nbsp;Further reading]] for studies, statistics, and more information that demonstrate contributor or subject imbalances.
 ==Goals==
-# Eliminate the gaps caused by the systemic bias in editors' cultural perspective, consciously focusing upon subjects and points of view neglected by the encyclopedia as a whole.
+# Reduce systemic bias on Wikipedia as much as possible, consciously focusing upon subjects and points of view neglected by the encyclopedia as a whole.
-# Improve the editing community's understanding of the systemic bias in Wikipedia by reviewing existing scholarship and ensuring that recent studies about Wikipedia's systemic bias are included as sources in various articles about [[Wikipedia]] itself. Ensure that sections about systemic bias in these articles are clear, complete, and concise.
+# Improve the editing community's understanding of the systemic bias in Wikipedia by reviewing existing scholarship and ensuring that recent studies about Wikipedia's systemic bias are included as sources, both in articles and discussions among editors. Ensure that sections about systemic bias in these articles are clear, complete, and concise.
 ===Scope===
-The first goal is extremely broad, as under-represented POVs may affect almost any article. It may be effective to prioritise [[WP:Featured articles]], [[WP:Good articles]], and [[WP:Vital articles]]. The second goal is limited to articles about Wikipedia itself.
+The first goal is extremely broad, as under-represented POVs may affect almost any article. It may be advisable to focus on projects within the scope of the related WikiProjects listed below.
+The second goal can be accomplished by WikiProject members sharing the latest research about Wikipedia's systemic bias on this WikiProject's talk page, as well as in articles about Wikipedia itself and in relevant content and policy discussions among editors.
 ==Systemic bias in coverage and selection of articles==
 {{See also|Academic studies about Wikipedia#Bias}}
-Research consistently finds [[systemic bias]] in Wikipedia's selection of articles in its various language editions.<ref name="Livingstone2010">{{Cite journal |last=Livingstone |first=Randall M. |date=2010-11-23 |title=Let’s Leave the Bias to the Mainstream Media: A Wikipedia Community Fighting for Information Neutrality |url=https://www.journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/315 |journal=M/C Journal |language=en |volume=13 |issue=6 |doi=10.5204/mcj.315 |issn=1441-2616}}</ref><ref name="Hube2017">{{Cite journal |last=Hube |first=Christoph |date=2017-04-03 |title=Bias in Wikipedia |url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3053375 |journal=Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion |series=WWW '17 Companion |location=Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE |publisher=International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee |pages=717–721 |doi=10.1145/3041021.3053375 |isbn=978-1-4503-4914-7}}</ref> This bias leads, without necessarily any conscious intention, to the propagation of various prejudices and omission of important information. Wikipedia's increasing influence on the way people comprehend the world makes this bias a potentially serious threat.
+Research consistently finds [[systemic bias]] in Wikipedia's selection of articles in its various language editions.<ref name="Hube2017">{{Cite journal |last=Hube |first=Christoph |date=2017-04-03 |title=Bias in Wikipedia |url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3053375 |journal=Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion |series=WWW '17 Companion |location=Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE |publisher=International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee |pages=717–721 |doi=10.1145/3041021.3053375 |isbn=978-1-4503-4914-7}}</ref><ref name="Livingstone2010">{{Cite journal |last=Livingstone |first=Randall M. |date=2010-11-23 |title=Let’s Leave the Bias to the Mainstream Media: A Wikipedia Community Fighting for Information Neutrality |url=https://www.journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/315 |journal=M/C Journal |language=en |volume=13 |issue=6 |doi=10.5204/mcj.315 |issn=1441-2616}}</ref> This bias leads, without necessarily any conscious intention, to the propagation of various prejudices and omission of important information. Wikipedia's increasing influence on the way people comprehend the world makes this bias a potentially serious threat.
 ===Selection based on gender bias===
@@ Line 46: / Line 48: @@
 Although these assume bias, the presence of white nationalists and other far-right extremists on Wikipedia is an ongoing problem that is unlikely to go away in the near future given the rightward political shift in countries where the majority of the site’s users live." The SPLC cited the article [[Race and intelligence]] as an example of the alt-right influence on Wikipedia, stating that at that time the article presented a "[[false balance]]" between fringe racialist views and the "mainstream perspective in psychology."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ward |first1=Justin |title=Wikipedia wars: inside the fight against far-right editors, vandals and sock puppets |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/03/12/wikipedia-wars-inside-fight-against-far-right-editors-vandals-and-sock-puppets |website=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |access-date=June 16, 2023 |date=March 12, 2018}}</ref>
+===Selection based on ideological bias===
+{{main|Ideological bias on Wikipedia}}
 == Task forces ==
@@ Line 51: / Line 56: @@
 Some task forces that focus on particular aspects of systemic bias are linked below:
-* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/Gender gap task force]]
 === Defunct task forces ===
-Talk pages for the following task forces have not been edited in over two years
+Talk pages for the following task forces have not been edited in over a year:
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/Gender gap task force]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/Geography]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/Global perspective]]
@@ Line 82: / Line 89: @@
 ''There are several [[Wikipedia:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]] and [[Wikipedia:Regional notice boards|regional notice boards]] that have potential to help out in our efforts. We may also eventually want to create new WikiProjects as part of this effort.''
+'''WikiProjects:'''
-* [[Wikipedia:Article Rescue Squadron|Article Rescue Squadron]]
-* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Middle Eastern military history task force|Middle Eastern military history task force]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Authors|WikiProject Authors]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Bible/Biblical criticism work group|WikiProject Biblical Criticism]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Buddhism|WikiProject Buddhism]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography|WikiProject Biography]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Catholicism|WikiProject Catholicism]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Conservatism|WikiProject Conservatism]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Disability|WikiProject Disability]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Ethnic Groups|WikiProject Ethnic Groups]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Gender Studies|WikiProject Gender Studies]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism|WikiProject Hinduism]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Feminism|WikiProject Feminism]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indigenous peoples of North America|WikiProject Indigenous peoples of North America]]
-* [[Wikipedia:Hinduism-related topics notice board|Hinduism-related topics notice board]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indigenous peoples of the Americas|WikiProject Indigenous peoples of the Americas]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Islam|WikiProject Islam]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Languages|WikiProject Languages]]
-* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_LGBT_studies|WikiProject LGBT_studies]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_LGBT_studies|WikiProject LGBT studies]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Organized Labour|WikiProject Organized Labour]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Politics|WikiProject Politics]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Politics and government|WikiProject political figures]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history|WikiProject Military history]]
-* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject World music|WikiProject World music]] (includes tasks to do)
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject World music|WikiProject World music]]
-* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Women in Red]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Women in Red|WikiProject Women in Red]]
-* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Women's sport]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Women's sport|WikiProject Women's sport]]
-::* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Football/Women's football task force]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Women scientists]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Women's health]]
 ''See also:''
 * [[:Category:WikiProjects relevant for countering systemic bias]]
 * {{tl|Infobox WikiProject}}, which has a <code>|csb=yes</code> parameter putting projects in that category
+* [[Wikipedia:Hinduism-related topics notice board|Hinduism-related topics notice board]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Article Rescue Squadron|Article Rescue Squadron]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Hinduism-related topics notice board|Hinduism-related topics notice board]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Article Rescue Squadron|Article Rescue Squadron]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Middle Eastern military history task force|Middle Eastern military history task force]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Middle Eastern military history task force|Middle Eastern military history task force]]
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Visual arts/Global visual art taskforce|WikiProject Visual arts/Global visual art taskforce]] (art from non-Western cultures to balance the strong systemic bias towards the Western canon)
+* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Football/Women's football task force]]
 ====Africa====
@@ Line 115: / Line 136: @@
 ====Latin America or the Caribbean====
-* [[Wikipedia:Argentina-related regional notice board|Argentina-related regional notice board]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Mexican-Americans|WikiProject Mexican-Americans]]
+''See also:''
 * [[Wikipedia:Caribbean Wikipedians' notice board|Caribbean Wikipedians' notice board]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Argentina-related regional notice board|Argentina-related regional notice board]]
 * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Echo|WikiProject Echo]], which translates pages from other WikiProjects
@@ Line 197: / Line 223: @@
 * [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/gendergap/2011-February/000506.html "Gender Gap: Recapping some basics about what we're doing"] a note by Sue Gardner, the Wikimedia Foundation's executive director
 * [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/31/business/media/31link.html "Define Gender Gap? Look Up Wikipedia’s Contributor List"] by Noam Cohen in The New York Times
+* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2201473X.2024.2358697 Wikipedia's Indian problem: settler colonial erasure of native American knowledge and history on the world's largest encyclopedia] by Kyle Keeler, in the journal ''Settler Colonial Studies''
 ==External links==

v t e Africa-related WikiProjects
Continental	Africa WikiAfrica
Northern Africa	Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara
Eastern Africa	Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Rwanda Seychelles Somalia Somaliland South Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Middle Africa	Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Sao Tome and Principe
Southern Africa	Botswana Eswatini Lesotho Namibia South Africa Municipalities Politics
Western Africa	Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Rivers State Senegal Sierra Leone Togo
Territories	Adélie Land British Indian Ocean Territory French Africa Madeira Overseas France Saint Helena Spanish Africa
Culture	Igbo Yoruba
History	African military history Early Muslim military history Ottoman military history Rhodesia
Society	African diaspora Protected areas
Related	Arab world Commonwealth Former countries France Limited recognition Middle Eastern military history Portugal Spain United Kingdom

v t e Africa topic templates
Sovereign states	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Djibouti Egypt¹ Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
States with limited recognition	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland
Dependencies, autonomies, other territories	Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla / Plazas de soberanía (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Puntland (Somalia) Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) Western Sahara Zanzibar (Tanzania)
¹ Transcontinental country

v t e Latin America and the Caribbean WikiProjects
Regional	Caribbean Central America Indigenous peoples of the Americas Mesoamerica North America South America military history
Caribbean	Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda administrative divisions agriculture Barbuda Bahamas Barbados British Virgin Islands Caribbean Netherlands Cayman Islands Cuba Curaçao Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Guadeloupe Haiti Jamaica Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthelemy Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Martin Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands
Central America	Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama
Northern America	Bermuda Mexico cinema Saint Pierre and Miquelon United States/Hispanic and Latino Americans
South America	Argentina cinema football Bolivia Brazil arts education and science football geography government and laws history sports transportation Chile Colombia Ecuador Galápagos Islands Falkland Islands French Guiana Guyana Paraguay cinema Peru South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Suriname Uruguay cinema Venezuela cinema
Related	Commonwealth Former countries Empire of Brazil Latin music Limited recognition Overseas France

v t e Latin America and the Caribbean topic templates
North America	Mexico
Central America	Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama
Caribbean	Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Haiti Jamaica Puerto Rico¹ St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago
South America	Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela
Dependencies not included. ¹ Defined as a semi-autonomous territory.