Finsbury Circus: Difference between revisions

Finsbury Circus
Finsbury Circus
	Finsbury Circus from the southeast, as seen from the top of Tower 42.
Type	Park
Nearest city	City of London, England
Coordinates	51°31′04″N 0°05′12″W / 51.517825°N 0.086595°W ; OS grid TQ 328 816
Area	2.2 hectares
Created	1812

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Finsbury Circus is a park in the Coleman Street Ward of the City of London, England. The 2 acre park is the largest public open space within the City's boundaries.^[1]

It is not to be confused with Finsbury Square, just north of the City, or Finsbury Park, a few miles away.

History and features

The circus was created in 1812 on the site of the former Lower Moorfields, an area which was originally part of the Manor of Finsbury, a manor which had existed since the 12th century,^[2] on which the second Bethlem Royal Hospital had stood since 1675.^[3] The "circus" of the name reflects the elliptical shape of the space, similar to the circus venues of ancient Rome, in this case with a long axis lying west-east.

The original houses, the last of which were demolished in 1921,^{[were these not just converted to offices?]} were intended for merchants and gentlemen, but were soon broken up internally and leased for solicitors and other professions. The gardens, featuring a circuit of lime trees, were developed by William Montague to the specifications of the architect George Dance the Younger in 1815.^[4] In 1819^[5] the London Institution moved into "ingeniously planned and elegantly detailed"^[6] premises designed by William Brooks^[7] at the north end of the circus; it closed in 1912 and the buildings were used for the University of London until their demolition in 1936. Fronting onto the circus from the 1820s was the substantial South Place Unitarian Chapel, erected under the leadership of William Johnson Fox; this evolved into Conway Hall Ethical Society.^[8]

The circus was opened as a public park in the early 20th century, under powers granted to the City of London Corporation in the City of London (Various Powers) Act 1900 (63 & 64 Vict. c. ccxxviii).^[9] The gardens had previously been a private space for the use of the freeholders or lease-holders of the surrounding buildings, who objected to their compulsory purchase, fearing that their use by the public would create a nuisance which would lower the value of their property.^[10] The campaign to make them a public space was led by Alpheus Morton, deputy-Alderman for Farringdon Without and a member of the Corporations' Streets Committee,^[10]^[11] and the circus became known with the Corporation as "Morton's Park".^[12]

Fronting the northwest quadrant of the oval, with fronts on roads entering the Circus from the west stands Edwin Lutyens's massive Britannic House (1921–25, listed Grade II), designed for the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, which became BP; its free-standing architectural sculptures are by Francis Derwent Wood.^[13] It was built on the site of the last remaining original houses, and is now home to international law firm Stephenson Harwood.^[14]

Until renovation of the park in 2024, it had a Lawn Bowls club in the centre, which had existed in the gardens since 1925. A bandstand, built in 1955, was located nearby.

The gardens are closed to the public from Monday 20th November 2023 until late 2024, for renovation work to take place.^[15]

Railway stations

The nearest Tube station is Moorgate, 150 metres to the west, with Liverpool Street Station about 350 metres to the east.

Events

Finsbury Circus has been used as the finish point for the Miglia Quadrato each year. In recent years it has also played host to the start of the Miglia Quadrato since the event start was removed from Smithfield Market.

Crossrail

During the years 1860–65 Finsbury Circus was threatened with demolition in favour of a railway station; public protests averted the loss, but in 1869 the oval was tunnelled for the Metropolitan Railway.^[16]

From 2010 to 2020 the central section of the gardens were taken up for the construction of the Liverpool Street Crossrail station. This included the excavation of a 16m diameter, 42m depth shaft to allow the construction of the platform tunnels beneath. The project was due to be completed in September 2018, but due to mismanagement it missed that deadline, going over budget by £896,700 as of April 2019.^[17] The work was finally completed in 2020.

In July 2020, the City of London Corporation announced the park would reopen to the public in August 2020, after a call in June for design proposals to transform the gardens into a sustainable multipurpose space.^[18] The winner of the design competition was announced in October 2020 as Architecture00 + Studio Weave, with Realm (previously called ReardonSmith Landscape), whose plan includes a one-storey garden pavilion constructed from natural materials.^[19]

References

^ "Finsbury Circus Gardens". City of London. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
^ 'Religious Houses: Houses of Augustinian canonesses', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 1, Physique, Archaeology, Domesday, Ecclesiastical Organization, the Jews, Religious Houses, Education of Working Classes To 1870, Private Education From Sixteenth Century, ed. J S Cockburn, H P F King and K G T McDonnell (London, 1969), pp. 170-182. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol1/pp170-182 [accessed 15 October 2020].
^ Henry Benjamin Wheatley and Peter Cunningham, London, Past and Present: its history, associations, and traditions, II:42, s.v. "Finsbury Circus".
^ "London Gardens Online". Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
^ James Elmes, A Topographical Dictionary of London and its Environs, 1831, s.v. "Finsbury Circus".
^ The phrase is Howard Colvin's, in A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840, 3rd edn 1995, s.v. "Brooks William".
^ William Brooks (1786–1867), a pupil of D. R. Roper, a zealous Nonconformist and anti-Papist and a passionate advocate for the abolition of slavery, retired from practice at an early date; he was the father of C. W. Shirley Brooks, well known as the editor of Punch (Colvin 1995).
^ "The building of South Place Chapel, 1821 - Conway Hall". Conway Hall. 21 November 2013. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
^ "Best Value Inspection: Corporation of London Open Spaces Department" (PDF). Audit Commission. September 2001. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
^ ^a ^b "City of London (Various Powers) Bill". The Times. London. 28 March 1900. p. 2, col F.
^ "Memorial Service. Sir A.C. Morton". The Times. London. 2 May 1923. p. 17, col D.
^ "News in Brief". The Times. London. 20 August 1919. p. 7, col F.
^ Philip Ward-Jackson, Public Sculpture of the City of London 2003:109f.
^ Harold Philip Clunn, London Rebuilt, 1897-1927: an attempt to depict the principal, 1927:17ff.
^ Consulting, Kanda. "Finsbury Circus Gardens". Retrieved 30 July 2024.
^ (Elizabeth Mary Odling), Memoir of the late Alfred Smee, F. R. S., 1878:75–79.
^ Crossrail^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "London's first public park reopens after 10 years of Crossrail works". City of London Corporation. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
^ Merlin Fulcher (13 October 2020). "Finsbury Circus contest winner named". Architects' Journal. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[1] "Finsbury Circus Gardens". City of London. Retrieved 5 September 2022.

[2] 'Religious Houses: Houses of Augustinian canonesses', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 1, Physique, Archaeology, Domesday, Ecclesiastical Organization, the Jews, Religious Houses, Education of Working Classes To 1870, Private Education From Sixteenth Century, ed. J S Cockburn, H P F King and K G T McDonnell (London, 1969), pp. 170-182. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol1/pp170-182 [accessed 15 October 2020].

[3] Henry Benjamin Wheatley and Peter Cunningham, London, Past and Present: its history, associations, and traditions, II:42, s.v. "Finsbury Circus".

[4] "London Gardens Online". Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[5] James Elmes, A Topographical Dictionary of London and its Environs, 1831, s.v. "Finsbury Circus".

[6] The phrase is Howard Colvin's, in A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840, 3rd edn 1995, s.v. "Brooks William".

[7] William Brooks (1786–1867), a pupil of D. R. Roper, a zealous Nonconformist and anti-Papist and a passionate advocate for the abolition of slavery, retired from practice at an early date; he was the father of C. W. Shirley Brooks, well known as the editor of Punch (Colvin 1995).

[8] "The building of South Place Chapel, 1821 - Conway Hall". Conway Hall. 21 November 2013. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.

[9] "Best Value Inspection: Corporation of London Open Spaces Department" (PDF). Audit Commission. September 2001. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

[times-1900-03-28-10] "City of London (Various Powers) Bill". The Times. London. 28 March 1900. p. 2, col F.

[times-memorial-service-11] "Memorial Service. Sir A.C. Morton". The Times. London. 2 May 1923. p. 17, col D.

[times-1919-mulberry-12] "News in Brief". The Times. London. 20 August 1919. p. 7, col F.

[13] Philip Ward-Jackson, Public Sculpture of the City of London 2003:109f.

[14] Harold Philip Clunn, London Rebuilt, 1897-1927: an attempt to depict the principal, 1927:17ff.

[15] Consulting, Kanda. "Finsbury Circus Gardens". Retrieved 30 July 2024.

[16] (Elizabeth Mary Odling), Memoir of the late Alfred Smee, F. R. S., 1878:75–79.

[17] Crossrail^{[permanent dead link]}

[18] "London's first public park reopens after 10 years of Crossrail works". City of London Corporation. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

[19] Merlin Fulcher (13 October 2020). "Finsbury Circus contest winner named". Architects' Journal. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Infobox park
+| name = Finsbury Circus
+| image = Finsbury Circus.jpg
+| image_size =
+| image_alt =
+| image_caption = Finsbury Circus from the southeast, as seen from the top of [[Tower 42]].
+| map = <!-- or | map_image = -->
+| map_width =
+| type = Park
+| location =
+| nearest_city = City of London, England
+| coordinates = {{Coord|51.517825|-0.086595|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title, inline}}
+OS grid TQ 328 816
+| coords_ref =
+| area = 2.2 hectares
+| created = 1812
+| operator =
+| visitation_num =
+| status =
+| designation =
+| open =
+}}
 {{Use British English|date=November 2014}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
-[[File:Finsbury Circus.jpg|thumb|250px|Finsbury Circus from the southeast, as seen from the top of [[Tower 42]].]]
-'''Finsbury Circus''' is a park in the [[City of London]], [[England]]; with an area of 2.2 hectares it is the largest public open space within the City's boundaries.<ref>[http://www.visitthecity.co.uk/index.php/attractions/view/177/ Visit the City]</ref> It is not to be confused with [[Finsbury Square]] in [[Finsbury]], just north of the City, or [[Finsbury Park]], a few kilometers away.
+'''Finsbury Circus''' is a park in the [[Coleman Street Ward]] of the [[City of London]], [[England]]. The 2 acre park is the largest public open space within the City's boundaries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finsbury Circus Gardens |url=https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/city-gardens/find-a-garden/finsbury-circus-gardens |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=City of London |language=en}}</ref>
-The 'circus' of the name reflects the elliptical shape of the space, similar to the [[Circus Maximus|circus venues of ancient Rome]], in this case with a long axis lying east-west.
+It is not to be confused with [[Finsbury Square]], just north of the City, or [[Finsbury Park]], a few miles away.
-It has a [[Lawn Bowls]] club in the centre, which has existed in the gardens since 1925.
+==History and features==
-A [[bandstand]], built in 1955, is located nearby.
+The circus was created in 1812 on the site of the former [[Moorfields|Lower Moorfields]], an area which was originally part of the [[Finsbury#Manor and parishes|Manor of Finsbury]], a manor which had existed since the 12th century,<ref>'Religious Houses: Houses of Augustinian canonesses', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 1, Physique, Archaeology, Domesday, Ecclesiastical Organization, the Jews, Religious Houses, Education of Working Classes To 1870, Private Education From Sixteenth Century, ed. J S Cockburn, H P F King and K G T McDonnell (London, 1969), pp. 170-182. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol1/pp170-182 [accessed 15 October 2020].</ref> on which the second [[Bethlem Royal Hospital]] had stood since 1675.<ref>Henry Benjamin Wheatley and Peter Cunningham, ''London, Past and Present: its history, associations, and traditions'', II:42, ''s.v.'' "Finsbury Circus".</ref> The "circus" of the name reflects the elliptical shape of the space, similar to the [[Circus Maximus|circus venues of ancient Rome]], in this case with a long axis lying west-east.
+The original houses, the last of which were demolished in 1921,{{Fix|text=were these not just converted to offices?}} were intended for merchants and gentlemen, but were soon broken up internally and leased for solicitors and other professions. The gardens, featuring a circuit of [[Tilia|lime trees]], were developed by William Montague to the specifications of the architect [[George Dance the Younger]] in 1815.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.londongardensonline.org.uk/gardens-online-record.asp?ID=COL027 |title=London Gardens Online |access-date=5 September 2010 |archive-date=2 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802162840/http://www.londongardensonline.org.uk/gardens-online-record.asp?ID=COL027 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1819<ref>James Elmes, ''A Topographical Dictionary of London and its Environs'', 1831, ''s.v.'' "Finsbury Circus".</ref> the [[London Institution]] moved into "ingeniously planned and elegantly detailed"<ref>The phrase is [[Howard Colvin]]'s, in ''A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840'', 3rd edn 1995, ''s.v.'' "Brooks William".</ref> premises designed by William Brooks<ref>William Brooks (1786–1867), a pupil of D. R. Roper, a zealous [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Nonconformist]] and anti-Papist and a passionate advocate for the [[abolition of slavery]], retired from practice at an early date; he was the father of [[Shirley Brooks|C. W. Shirley Brooks]], well known as the editor of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' (Colvin 1995).</ref> at the north end of the circus; it closed in 1912 and the buildings were used for the University of London until their demolition in 1936. Fronting onto the circus from the 1820s was the substantial South Place Unitarian Chapel, erected under the leadership of [[William Johnson Fox]]; this evolved into [[Conway Hall Ethical Society]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The building of South Place Chapel, 1821 - Conway Hall |url=https://conwayhall.org.uk/the-building-of-south-place-chapel-1821/ |website=Conway Hall |access-date=2 August 2018 |date=21 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802162532/https://conwayhall.org.uk/the-building-of-south-place-chapel-1821/ |archive-date=2 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-==History==
-The circus was created in 1812 on an area which was originally part of Finsbury Manor, having existed since 1527, on which the second [[Bethlem Royal Hospital]] had stood since 1675.<ref>Henry Benjamin Wheatley and Peter Cunningham, ''London, Past and Present: its history, associations, and traditions'', II:42, ''s.v.'' "Finsbury Circus".</ref> The original houses, the last of which were demolished in 1921,  were intended for merchants and gentlemen, but were soon broken up internally and leased for solicitors and other professions. The gardens, featuring a circuit of [[Tilia|lime trees]], were developed by William Montague to the specifications of the architect [[George Dance the Younger]] in 1815.<ref>[http://www.londongardensonline.org.uk/gardens-online-record.asp?ID=COL027 London Gardens Online]</ref> In 1819<ref>James Elmes, ''A Topographical Dictionary of London and its Environs'', 1831, ''s.v.'' "Finsbury Circus".</ref> the [[London Institution]] moved into "ingeniously planned and elegantly detailed"<ref>The phrase is [[Howard Colvin]]'s, in ''A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840'', 3rd ed. 1995, ''s.v.'' "Brooks William".</ref> premises designed by William Brooks<ref>William Brooks (1786-1867), a pupil of D.R. Roper, a zealous [[Nonconformist]] and anti-Papist and a passionate advocate for the [[abolition of slavery]], retired from practice at an early date; he was the father of [[Shirley Brooks|C.W. Shirley Brooks]], well known as the editor of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' (Colvin 1995).</ref> at the north end of the circus; it closed in 1912 and the buildings were used for the University of London until their demolition in 1936. Fronting onto the circus from the 1820s was the substantial South Place Unitarian Chapel, erected under the leadership of [[William Johnson Fox]]; this evolved into [[Conway Hall Ethical Society]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The building of South Place Chapel, 1821 - Conway Hall |url=https://conwayhall.org.uk/the-building-of-south-place-chapel-1821/ |website=Conway Hall |accessdate=2 August 2018 |date=21 November 2013}}</ref>
 [[File:Greenery in the City - geograph.org.uk - 221683.jpg|thumb|left|[[Edwin Lutyens|Lutyens]]' Britannic House seen from the central green]]
-The circus was opened as a public park in the early 20th century, under powers granted to the [[City of London Corporation]] in the [[City of London (Various Powers) Act 1900]].<ref>{{cite web
+The circus was opened as a public park in the early 20th century, under powers granted to the [[City of London Corporation]] in the [[City of London (Various Powers) Act 1900]] ([[63 & 64 Vict.]] c. ccxxviii).<ref>{{cite web
  |url=http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/InspectionOutput/InspectionReports/2001/CorpLondon03.pdf
  |title=Best Value Inspection: Corporation of London Open Spaces Department
  |date=September 2001
  |publisher=Audit Commission
- |accessdate=10 December 2010
+ |access-date=10 December 2010
 }}</ref> The gardens had previously been a private space for the use of the freeholders or lease-holders of the surrounding buildings, who objected to their [[compulsory purchase]], fearing that their use by the public would create a nuisance which would lower the value of their property.<ref name="times-1900-03-28">{{cite news
- |title=City Of London (Various Powers) Bill
+ |title=City of London (Various Powers) Bill
  |date=28 March 1900
  |work=[[The Times]]
- |pages=2, col F
+ |page=2, col F
- |accessdate=10 December 2010
  |location=London
 }}</ref> The campaign to make them a public space was led by [[Alpheus Morton]], deputy-Alderman for [[Farringdon Without]] and a member of the Corporations' Streets Committee,<ref name="times-1900-03-28" /><ref name="times-memorial-service">{{cite news
@@ Line 31: / Line 54: @@
  |work = The Times
  |page = 17, col D
- |accessdate = 10 December 2010
  |location = London
 }}</ref> and the circus became known with the Corporation as "Morton's Park".<ref name="times-1919-mulberry">{{cite news
@@ Line 38: / Line 60: @@
  |work=The Times
  |page=7, col F
- |accessdate=10 December 2010
  |location=London
 }}</ref>
@@ Line 44: / Line 65: @@
 Fronting the northwest quadrant of the oval, with fronts on roads entering the Circus from the west stands [[Edwin Lutyens]]'s massive Britannic House (1921–25, listed Grade II), designed for the [[Anglo-Persian Oil Company]], which became [[BP]]; its free-standing architectural sculptures are by [[Francis Derwent Wood]].<ref>Philip Ward-Jackson, ''Public Sculpture of the City of London'' 2003:109f.</ref> It was built on the site of the last remaining original houses, and is now home to international law firm [[Stephenson Harwood]].<ref>Harold Philip Clunn, ''London Rebuilt, 1897-1927: an attempt to depict the principal'', 1927:17ff.</ref>
 [[File:FinsburyCircus082.JPG|thumb|The bowling green at the Circus]]
-The nearest Tube station is [[Moorgate station|Moorgate]], to the West, and the park is also close to [[Liverpool Street Station]]; both are within about two hundred meters. It is located in the [[Coleman Street]] ward.
+Until renovation of the park in 2024, it had a [[Lawn Bowls]] club in the centre, which had existed in the gardens since 1925. A [[bandstand]], built in 1955, was located nearby.
+The gardens are closed to the public from Monday 20th November 2023 until late 2024, for renovation work to take place.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Consulting |first=Kanda |title=Finsbury Circus Gardens |url=https://finsburycircusgardens.co.uk/ |access-date=2024-07-30}}</ref>
+==Railway stations==
+The nearest Tube station is [[Moorgate station|Moorgate]], 150 metres to the west, with [[Liverpool Street Station]] about 350 metres to the east.
+==Events==
 Finsbury Circus has been used as the finish point for the [[Miglia Quadrato]] each year. In recent years it has also played host to the start of the Miglia Quadrato since the event start was removed from [[Smithfield Market]].
 ==Crossrail==
-During the years 1860-65 Finsbury Circus was threatened with demolition in favour of a railway station; public protests averted the loss, but in 1869 the oval was tunnelled for the [[Metropolitan Railway]].<ref>(Elizabeth Mary Odling), ''Memoir of the late Alfred Smee, F. R. S.'', 1878:75-79.</ref> From 2010 to 2017 the central section of the gardens have been taken up for the construction of the Liverpool Street [[Crossrail]] station. This has included the excavation of a 16m diameter, 42m depth shaft to allow the construction of the platform tunnels beneath. It will be fully restored once construction work is finished, with a possibility that the fountains will be returned to full working order.<ref>[http://www.crossrail.co.uk/ny/pdf/Feb2010-Works_Notification-Moorgate_Moorfields_Finsbury_Circus_Blomfield_Street_pdf Crossrail]</ref>
+During the years 1860–65 Finsbury Circus was threatened with demolition in favour of a railway station; public protests averted the loss, but in 1869 the oval was tunnelled for the [[Metropolitan Railway]].<ref>(Elizabeth Mary Odling), ''Memoir of the late Alfred Smee, F. R. S.'', 1878:75–79.</ref>
+From 2010 to 2020 the central section of the gardens were taken up for the construction of the Liverpool Street [[Crossrail]] station. This included the excavation of a 16m diameter, 42m depth shaft to allow the construction of the platform tunnels beneath. The project was due to be completed in September 2018, but due to mismanagement it missed that deadline, going over budget by £896,700 as of April 2019.<ref>[http://www.crossrail.co.uk/ny/pdf/Feb2010-Works_Notification-Moorgate_Moorfields_Finsbury_Circus_Blomfield_Street_pdf Crossrail]{{Dead link|date=December 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The work was finally completed in 2020.
+In July 2020, the City of London Corporation announced the park would reopen to the public in August 2020, after a call in June for design proposals to transform the gardens into a sustainable multipurpose space.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 16, 2020|title=London’s first public park reopens after 10 years of Crossrail works|url=https://news.cityoflondon.gov.uk/londons-first-public-park-reopens-after-10-years-of-crossrail-works/|access-date=2020-07-22|website=City of London Corporation|language=en}}</ref> The winner of the design competition was announced in October 2020 as Architecture00 + Studio Weave, with Realm (previously called ReardonSmith Landscape), whose plan includes a one-storey garden pavilion constructed from natural materials.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 13, 2020|title=Finsbury Circus contest winner named|language=en|url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/winner-in-finsbury-circus-contest-named|access-date=2021-11-15|author=Merlin Fulcher|publisher=Architects' Journal}}</ref>
-==References==
 {{commonscat}}
-{{Reflist|2}}
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 {{City of London}}
-{{Coord|51.517825|-0.086595|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}
 [[Category:Parks and open spaces in the City of London]]
 [[Category:Squares in the City of London]]
 [[Category:Bowling greens in England]]
+[[Category:Crescents (architecture)]]

v t e City of London
City of London Corporation Parks and open spaces
Wards	Aldersgate Aldgate Bassishaw Billingsgate Bishopsgate Bread Street Bridge Broad Street Candlewick Castle Baynard Cheap Coleman Street Cordwainer Cornhill Cripplegate Dowgate Farringdon Within Farringdon Without Langbourn Lime Street Portsoken Queenhithe Tower Vintry Walbrook
Enclaves	Inner Temple Middle Temple
Localities	Barbican Blackfriars Broadgate Farringdon Holborn Minories Smithfield Temple
Attractions	20 Fenchurch Street Bank of England Museum Barbican Centre Clockmakers' Museum College of Arms Dr Johnson's House Finsbury Circus Guildhall Art Gallery Leadenhall Market London Mithraeum London Stone Mansion House The Monument Museum of London One New Change Prince Henry's Room Royal Exchange St Paul's Cathedral Smithfield Market
Notable structures	2 Hare Court 2 King's Bench Walk Aldgate Pump Bank of England Bevis Marks Synagogue Golden Boy of Pye Corner Guildhall Heron Tower Holborn Circus Lloyd's building London Stock Exchange Merchant Taylors' Hall National Firefighters Memorial Old Bailey Old Billingsgate Market The Gherkin Tower 42
Civil parishes	List of civil parishes in the City of London
Bridges	Blackfriars Bridge Blackfriars Railway Bridge Cannon Street Railway Bridge Holborn Viaduct London Bridge Millennium Footbridge Southwark Bridge
Rail and tube stations	Aldgate Bank–Monument Barbican Blackfriars Cannon Street City Thameslink Fenchurch Street Liverpool Street Mansion House Moorgate St Paul's Tower Gateway
Topics	Coat of arms Flag History Listed buildings at Grade I at Grade II* Livery companies Lord Lieutenants Lord mayors Lord Mayor's Show Public art and memorials Sheriffs Street names
Category