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A kitenge or chitenge (pl. vitenge Swahili; zitenge in Tonga) is an East African, West African and Central African piece of fabric similar to a sarong, often worn by women and wrapped around the chest or waist, over the head as a headscarf, or as a baby sling. Kitenges are made of colorful fabric that contains a variety of patterns and designs. In coastal areas of Kenya and in Tanzania, kitenges often have Swahili sayings written on them. There seems to be a confusion with the Kangas, which indeed carry texts in contrast with kitenges, which apparently typically do not carry texts.^{[citation needed]}

Kitenges are similar to kangas and kikoi, but are of a thicker cloth and have an edging on only a long side. Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, Senegal, Liberia, Rwanda, Burundi and Democratic Republic of the Congo are some of the African countries where the kitenge is worn. In Malawi the garment is known as a chitenje and in Namibia and some parts of Zambia it is a chitenge. They are sometimes worn by men around the waist in hot weather. In Malawi, kitenges did not used to be worn by men until recently, when the president encouraged civil servants to buy Malawian products by wearing a kitenge on Fridays.

A kitenge serves as an inexpensive, informal piece of clothing that is often decorated with a wide variety of colors, patterns and even political slogans.

The printing on the cloth is done by an industrialised version of the traditional batik technique originated in Indonesia.^[1]^[2] These are known as wax prints and the design is equally bright and detailed on the obverse side of the fabric. Today, wax prints are commercially made and are almost completely roller printed with less color bleeding through to the obverse side. Many of the designs have a meaning. A large variety of religious and political designs are found as well as traditional tribal patterns. The cloth is used as material for dresses, blouses and pants as well.

Uses

Kitenges can be used on occasions and in many ways either symbolically or for practical reasons. Kitenges are used in different settings to convey messages. The following list demonstrates uses of the cloths.

In Malawi, kitenges are customary for women at funerals.
They are used as a sling to hold a baby across the back of a mother. They can hold the baby at the front as well, particularly when breast feeding.
Kitenges are given as gifts to young women.
They are sometimes tied together and used as decorative pieces at dinner tables.
When women go to the beach, often the kitenge is wrapped around the bathing suit for modesty or to shield from the cold air.
Kitenges can be framed or otherwise hung up on the wall as a decorative batik artwork.

Kitenges have also become very popular as fashion statements in urban pop culture with youth in Africa. Kitenges are incorporated in clothing items such as hoodies, trousers, and accessories such as bags.

References

^ Ankersmit, Willem. "THE WAXPRINT ITS ORIGIN AND ITS INTRODUCTION ON THE GOLD COAST". El País.
^ Ankersmit, Willem. "THE WAXPRINT ITS ORIGIN AND ITS INTRODUCTION ON THE GOLD COAST". University of Leiden Faculty of Humanities Institute for History.

External links

Media related to Kitenge at Wikimedia Commons

[1] Ankersmit, Willem. "THE WAXPRINT ITS ORIGIN AND ITS INTRODUCTION ON THE GOLD COAST". El País.

[2] Ankersmit, Willem. "THE WAXPRINT ITS ORIGIN AND ITS INTRODUCTION ON THE GOLD COAST". University of Leiden Faculty of Humanities Institute for History.

[1]

[2]

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+{{For|the surname|Kitenge (surname)}}
+{{More citations needed|date=September 2024}}
 [[Image:Kitenge.jpg|thumb|A typical kitenge pattern.]]
+[[File:Customers and visitors on a stand of African Kitenge Clothes.JPG|thumb|Customers and visitors at a display of African kitenge clothes]]
-[[Image:Chitenge-baby-sling.jpg|thumb|Woman carrying a baby on her back using a kitenge.]]
-''For the surname, see [[Kitenge (surname)]].''
-'''Kitenge''' or '''chitenge''' is an [[East Africa]]n, West African and Central African fabric similar to [[sarong]], often worn by women and wrapped around the chest or waist, over the head as a [[headscarf]], or as a [[baby sling]].
+A '''kitenge''' or '''chitenge''' (pl. '''vitenge''' [[Swahili language|Swahili]]; '''zitenge''' in [[Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe|Tonga]]) is an [[East Africa]]n, West African and Central African piece of fabric similar to a [[sarong]], often worn by women and wrapped around the chest or waist, over the head as a [[headscarf]], or as a [[baby sling]]. Kitenges are made of colorful fabric that contains a variety of patterns and designs. In coastal areas of Kenya and in Tanzania, kitenges often have Swahili sayings written on them. There seems to be a confusion with the Kangas, which indeed carry texts in contrast with kitenges, which apparently typically do not carry texts.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
-Kitenges are similar to [[Kanga (African garment)|kanga]]s and kikoy, but are of a thicker cloth and have an edging on only a long side. [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania]], [Sudan]], Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Liberia, Rwanda, and  Democratic Republic of the Congo are some of the African countries where kitenge is worn.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} In [[Malawi]], [[Namibia]] and [[Zambia]], kitenge is known as ''Chitenge''. They are sometimes worn by men around the waist in hot weather. In some countries like Malawi, Chitenges are never worn by men.
+Kitenges are similar to [[Kanga (African garment)|kanga]]s and [[kikoi]], but are of a thicker cloth and have an edging on only a long side. [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Sudan]], [[Nigeria]], [[Cameroon]], [[Ghana]], [[Senegal]], [[Liberia]], [[Rwanda]], Burundi and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] are some of the African countries where the kitenge is worn. In [[Malawi]] the garment is known as a ''chitenje'' and in [[Namibia]] and some parts of [[Zambia]] it is a ''chitenge''. They are sometimes worn by men around the waist in hot weather. In Malawi, kitenges did not used to be worn by men until recently, when the president encouraged civil servants to buy Malawian products by wearing a kitenge on Fridays.
-Kitenges (plural ''vitenge'' in [[Swahili language|Swahili]]; ''zitenge'' in [[Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe|Tonga]]) serve as an inexpensive, informal piece of clothing that is often decorated with a huge variety of colors, patterns and even political [[slogan]]s.
+A kitenge serves as an inexpensive, informal piece of clothing that is often decorated with a wide variety of colors, patterns and even political [[slogan]]s.
-The printing on the cloth is done by a traditional [[batik]] technique. These are known as wax prints and the design is equally as bright and detailed on the obverse side of the fabric. These days Wax prints are commercially made and are almost completely roller printed.  Fancy prints are roller printed with the designs being less colorful or detailed on the obverse side. Many of the designs have a meaning. A large variety of religious and political designs are found as well as traditional tribal patterns. The cloth is used as material for dresses, blouses and pants as well.
+The printing on the cloth is done by an industrialised version of the traditional [[batik]] technique originated in [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ankersmit |first=Willem |title=THE WAXPRINT ITS ORIGIN AND ITS INTRODUCTION ON THE GOLD COAST |url=https://www.academia.edu/31417064 |journal=El País}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ankersmit |first=Willem |title=THE WAXPRINT ITS ORIGIN AND ITS INTRODUCTION ON THE GOLD COAST |url=https://www.academia.edu/31417064 |journal=University of Leiden Faculty of Humanities Institute for History}}</ref> These are known as [[African wax prints|wax prints]] and the design is equally bright and detailed on the obverse side of the fabric. Today, wax prints are commercially made and are almost completely roller printed with less color bleeding through to the obverse side. Many of the designs have a meaning. A large variety of religious and political designs are found as well as traditional tribal patterns. The cloth is used as material for dresses, blouses and pants as well.
-==Uses ==
+== Uses ==
-Chitenges can be used on occasions and in many ways either symbolically or for practical reasons. Chitenges are used in different settings to convey messages. The following list demonstrates uses of the cloths.
+Kitenges can be used on occasions and in many ways either symbolically or for practical reasons. Kitenges are used in different settings to convey messages. The following list demonstrates uses of the cloths.
-*In Malawi, Chitenjes are customary at funerals for women.
+* In Malawi, kitenges are customary for women at funerals.
-*They are used as a sling to hold a baby across the back of a mother. They can hold the baby at the front as well, particularly when breast feeding.
+* They are used as a sling to hold a baby across the back of a mother. They can hold the baby at the front as well, particularly when breast feeding.
-*Chitenges are given as gifts to young women.
+* Kitenges are given as gifts to young women.
-*They are sometimes tied together and used as decorative pieces at dinner tables.
+* They are sometimes tied together and used as decorative pieces at dinner tables.
-*When women go to the beach, often the Chitenge is wrapped around the bathing suit for modesty or to shield cold air.
+* When women go to the beach, often the kitenge is wrapped around the bathing suit for modesty or to shield from the cold air.
-*Chitenges can be framed or otherwise hung up on the wall as a decorative batik artwork.
+* Kitenges can be framed or otherwise hung up on the wall as a decorative batik artwork.
+Kitenges have also become very popular as fashion statements in urban pop culture with youth in Africa. Kitenges are incorporated in clothing items such as hoodies, trousers, and accessories such as bags.
 == See also ==
+* [[African wax prints]]
 * [[Shweshwe]]
-*[[African waxprints]]
-==External links==
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
-*[http://artmatters.info/?p=446 Kenya’s Quest for National attire]
-*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/content/articles/2004/10/05/features_2004_10_our_man_in_zambia_14_feature.shtml Material wealth], a BBC article about Chitenges in Zambia
+== External links ==
-<!--http://www.col.org/stamp/UpTech4.pdf-->
+* {{Commons category-inline|Kitenge}}
 [[Category:African clothing]]
 [[Category:Skirts]]
-{{Africa-stub}}