Closed ecological system: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Noclevername (talk | contribs) m minor edit |
m Disambiguating links to Shell (link changed to Exoskeleton) using DisamAssist. |
||
| (125 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{short description|Ecosystem that does not exchange matter with the exterior}} |
|||
[[Image:Ecosphere-samualpedrete.jpg|thumb|right|An [[ecosphere (science)|ecosphere]]]] |
|||
[[Image:biosphere2 1.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Biosphere 2]]]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
Although the [[Earth]] itself fits this definition, the term is most often used to describe much smaller [[wikt:manmade|manmade]] ecosystems. Perhaps confusingly, a closed ecological system is ''not'' a [[closed system]] in the usual sense, because energy (especially light and heat) is able to enter and leave the system, provided matter does not. |
|||
The term is most often used to describe small, man-made ecosystems. Such systems can potentially serve as a [[life support system|life-support system]] during [[space flight]]s, in [[space stations]] or [[space habitat]]s.<ref>{{cite book | title=Manmade Closed Ecological Systems | author= [[Josef Gitelson|I. I. Gitelson]] | author2= G. M. Lisovsky | author3= R. D. MacElroy | name-list-style= amp | publisher= [[Taylor & Francis]] |date=2003 | isbn = 0-415-29998-5}}</ref> |
|||
In a closed ecological system, any waste products produced by one species must be used by at least one other species. If the purpose is to maintain a |
In a closed ecological system, any waste products produced by one species must be used by at least one other species. If the purpose is to maintain a life form, such as a [[mouse]] or a [[human]], waste products such as [[carbon dioxide]], [[feces]] and [[urine]] must eventually be converted into [[oxygen]], [[food]], and [[water]]. |
||
A closed ecological system must contain at least one [[autotroph]]ic organism. While both [[chemotroph]]ic and [[phototroph]]ic organisms are plausible, almost all closed ecological systems to date are based on |
A closed ecological system must contain at least one [[autotroph]]ic organism. While both [[chemotroph]]ic and [[phototroph]]ic organisms are plausible, almost all closed ecological systems to date are based on an autotroph such as green [[algae]]. |
||
== |
== Examples == |
||
==List of major closed ecological systems== |
|||
*[[Biosphere 2]] |
|||
*[[MELISSA]] |
|||
*[[BIOS-1]] |
|||
*[[BIOS-2]] |
|||
*[[BIOS-3]] |
|||
A closed ecological system for an entire planet is called an [[Ecosphere (planetary)|ecosphere]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/fs/turner/pdfs/lexicon_of_the_spheres.pdf|title=A Lexicon of the Spheres|publisher=[[Oregon State University]]|access-date=2016-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018011127/http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/fs/turner/pdfs/lexicon_of_the_spheres.pdf|archive-date=2016-10-18|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencehelpdesk.com/unit/science2/11|title=ESO 2 Science 11: The Ecosphere and the Ecosystems|publisher=Science Helpdesk}}</ref> |
|||
== Ecosphere == |
|||
An [[Ecosphere (science)|ecosphere]] is a glass enclosed, self-contained and self-sustaining closed ecosystem sold primarily as a gift or experiment. It can include tiny [[shrimp]], [[algae]], [[gravel]], decorative [[Animal shell|shell]]s, and [[gorgonia]]. |
|||
Man-made closed ecological systems which were created to sustain human life include [[Biosphere 2]], [[MELiSSA]], and the BIOS-1, BIOS-2, and [[BIOS-3]] projects.<ref>{{cite journal | journal=BioScience | date=Oct 1997 | volume=47 |issue=9 | pages=575–85 | title= Bios-3: Siberian experiments in bioregenerative life support | author=Salisbury FB | author2=Gitelson JI | author3=Lisovsky GM | doi=10.2307/1313164 | jstor=1313164 | pmid=11540303| doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|||
[[Bottle garden]]s and [[Ecosphere (aquarium)|aquarium ecospheres]] are partially or fully enclosed glass containers that are self-sustaining closed ecosystems that can be made or purchased. They can include tiny [[shrimp]], [[algae]], [[gravel]], decorative [[Exoskeleton|shell]]s, and ''[[Gorgonia]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ecospheres.co.uk/what-is-an-ecosphere/ | title=What is an EcoSphere? (Shrimp and Gorgonia coral)}}</ref> |
|||
==In fiction== |
|||
Closed ecological systems are commonly featured in fiction and particularly in [[science fiction]]. These include [[Domed city|domed cities]], [[Space stations and habitats in fiction|space stations and habitats on foreign planets or asteroids]], cylindrical habitats (e.g. [[O'Neill cylinder|O'Neill cylinders]]), [[Dyson Sphere|Dyson Spheres]] and so on.<ref>Westfahl, Gary (2005). "Space Habitats". The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 736–737. ISBN 978-0-313-32952-4.</ref> |
|||
== See also == |
== See also == |
||
*{{annotated link|Biosphere}} |
|||
* [[Ecospace]] |
|||
*{{annotated link|Controlled ecological life-support system}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
*{{annotated link|Controlled-environment agriculture}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
*{{annotated link|IBTS Greenhouse}} |
|||
*{{annotated link|Ecology}} |
|||
*{{annotated link|Ecosphere (planetary)|Ecosphere}} |
|||
*{{annotated link|Ecosystem services}} |
|||
*{{annotated link|Eden Project}} |
|||
*{{annotated link|MELiSSA}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
*{{annotated link|Spome}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
*{{annotated link|Chang'e 4}} |
|||
*{{annotated link|Space stations and habitats in fiction}} |
|||
== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist}} |
|||
*"Manmade Closed Ecological Systems." I. I. Gitelson, G. M. Lisovsky and R. D. MacElroy. Taylor & Francis (2003) ISBN 0-415-29998-5. |
|||
{{emerging technologies|topics=yes|ag=yes}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Ecological processes]] |
|||
[[es:sistema ecológico cerrado]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[pl:Zamknięty system ekologiczny]] |
|||
[[zh: |
|||
Latest revision as of 10:35, 23 June 2024
Closed ecological systems or contained ecological systems (CES) are ecosystems that do not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system.
The term is most often used to describe small, man-made ecosystems. Such systems can potentially serve as a life-support system during space flights, in space stations or space habitats.[1]
In a closed ecological system, any waste products produced by one species must be used by at least one other species. If the purpose is to maintain a life form, such as a mouse or a human, waste products such as carbon dioxide, feces and urine must eventually be converted into oxygen, food, and water.
A closed ecological system must contain at least one autotrophic organism. While both chemotrophic and phototrophic organisms are plausible, almost all closed ecological systems to date are based on an autotroph such as green algae.
Examples[edit]
A closed ecological system for an entire planet is called an ecosphere.[2][3]
Man-made closed ecological systems which were created to sustain human life include Biosphere 2, MELiSSA, and the BIOS-1, BIOS-2, and BIOS-3 projects.[4]
Bottle gardens and aquarium ecospheres are partially or fully enclosed glass containers that are self-sustaining closed ecosystems that can be made or purchased. They can include tiny shrimp, algae, gravel, decorative shells, and Gorgonia.[5]
In fiction[edit]
Closed ecological systems are commonly featured in fiction and particularly in science fiction. These include domed cities, space stations and habitats on foreign planets or asteroids, cylindrical habitats (e.g. O'Neill cylinders), Dyson Spheres and so on.[6]
See also[edit]
- Biosphere – Global sum of all ecosystems on Earth
- Controlled ecological life-support system
- Controlled-environment agriculture – Technology-based approach toward food growing
- IBTS Greenhouse – Egyptian desalination project
- Ecology – Study of organisms and their environment
- Ecosphere – Planetary closed ecological system
- Ecosystem services – Benefits provided by healthy nature, forests and environmental systems
- Eden Project – Visitor attraction in Cornwall, United Kingdom
- MELiSSA – European Space Agency led consortium developing life support systems for space missions
- Space colonization – Concept of permanent human habitation outside of Earth
- Spome – Hypothetical matter-closed, energy-open life support system
- Terraforming – Hypothetical planetary engineering process
- Chang'e 4 – Chinese lunar lander & rover
- Space stations and habitats in fiction – Fictional depictions of space stations and habitats in fiction
References[edit]
- ^ I. I. Gitelson; G. M. Lisovsky & R. D. MacElroy (2003). Manmade Closed Ecological Systems. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-415-29998-5.
- ^ "A Lexicon of the Spheres" (PDF). Oregon State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
- ^ "ESO 2 Science 11: The Ecosphere and the Ecosystems". Science Helpdesk.
- ^ Salisbury FB; Gitelson JI; Lisovsky GM (Oct 1997). "Bios-3: Siberian experiments in bioregenerative life support". BioScience. 47 (9): 575–85. doi:10.2307/1313164. JSTOR 1313164. PMID 11540303.
- ^ "What is an EcoSphere? (Shrimp and Gorgonia coral)".
- ^ Westfahl, Gary (2005). "Space Habitats". The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 736–737. ISBN 978-0-313-32952-4.
 | This ecology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This space- or spaceflight-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |