Jainism in Bengal: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}} |
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{{Short description|Overview of the history of Jainism in Bengal region of India}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date= |
'''{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}''' |
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[[File:Sheetalnath Mandir full view.jpg|thumb|The [[Calcutta Jain Temple]]]] |
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{{Jainism}} |
{{Jainism}} |
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Archaeological |
Archaeological evidence shows [[Jainism]] was a significant religion in [[Bengal region]] during the early historic period.<ref>Bibliography PC Bagchi, 'Development of Religious Ideas' in RC Majumdar (ed), History of Bengal, Vol-1, Dacca, 1968 (2nd edn);</ref> |
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==Sarak== |
==Sarak== |
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{{Main|Sarak}} |
{{Main|Sarak}} |
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Saraks are a Jain community in [[Bihar]], [[Bengal]], [[Orissa]] and [[ |
Saraks are a Jain community in [[Bihar]], [[Bengal]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[Bangladesh]]. They have been followers of [[Jainism]] since ancient times; however, they were isolated and sain community in western, northern and southern India. |
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According to Ramesh Chandra Majumder, the Jain scholar [[Bhadrabahu]], the second Louhacharya and the author of Kalpa Sutra may have come from the Sarak community.<ref name="kundu">{{cite book |title=Bangali Hindu Jati Parichay | |
According to Ramesh Chandra Majumder, the Jain scholar [[Bhadrabahu]], the second Louhacharya and the author of Kalpa Sutra may have come from the Sarak community.<ref name="kundu">{{cite book |title=Bangali Hindu Jati Parichay |trans-title=An Introduction of Bengali Hindu Castes |language=bn |last=Kundu |first=Santosh Kumar |year=2008 |publisher=Presidency Library |location=Kolkata |isbn=978-81-89466-13-8 |pages=273–275}}</ref> The Saraks were agriculturists and moneylenders having landed properties. |
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They have continued to remain [[Jain vegetarianism|vegetarian]] even though this practice is uncommon among other communities in the region. Saraks have [[Parshva]] as a favored patron and recite the [[Namokar Mantra|Ṇamōkāra mantra]]. The 24th [[Tirthankara]] [[Mahavira]] visited this region according to the [[Kalpasutra (Jainism)|Kalpa Sūtra]]. |
They have continued to remain [[Jain vegetarianism|vegetarian]] even though this practice is uncommon among other communities in the region. Saraks have [[Parshva]] as a favored patron and recite the [[Namokar Mantra|Ṇamōkāra mantra]]. The 24th [[Tirthankara]] [[Mahavira]] visited this region according to the [[Kalpasutra (Jainism)|Kalpa Sūtra]]. |
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The Saraks lost contact with Jains in the rest of India after its conquest by [[Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji]]. Contact with the Digambara [[Jainism in Bundelkhand|Bundelkhand Jains]] was reestablished when the [[Parwar (Jain)|Parwars]] Manju Chaudhary (1720–1785) was appointed the governor of [[Cuttack]] by the [[Maratha Empire]]. |
The Saraks lost contact with Jains in the rest of India after its conquest by [[Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji]]. Contact with the Digambara [[Jainism in Bundelkhand|Bundelkhand Jains]] was reestablished when the [[Parwar (Jain)|Parwars]] Manju Chaudhary (1720–1785) was appointed the governor of [[Cuttack]] by the [[Maratha Empire]]. |
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In 2009, more than 165 Sarak Jains living in parts of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand visited the ancient Jain pilgrimage center of [[Shravanabelagola]]. A special function to welcome the Sarak Jains was organised at Shravanabelagola.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/News/2009/09-Sept/02_News_Updates_001.htm |title=> News Updates |publisher=Www.Jainheritagecentres.Com |date=2009-09-02 | |
In 2009, more than 165 Sarak Jains living in parts of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand visited the ancient Jain pilgrimage center of [[Shravanabelagola]]. A special function to welcome the Sarak Jains was organised at Shravanabelagola.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/News/2009/09-Sept/02_News_Updates_001.htm |title=> News Updates |publisher=Www.Jainheritagecentres.Com |date=2009-09-02 |access-date=2012-05-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223043115/http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/News/2009/09-Sept/02_News_Updates_001.htm |archive-date=23 December 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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== Population == |
== Population == |
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! # || District || Total population || Jain population || % |
! # || District || Total population || Jain population || % |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1 || [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]] || 4,496,694 || |
| 1 || [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]] || 4,496,694 || |
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254678 || 4.09% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 2 || [[Haora |
| 2 || [[Haora district|Haora]] || 4,850,029 || 9,699 || 0.20% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 3 || [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]] || 10,009,781 || 4,452 || 0.04% |
| 3 || [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]] || 10,009,781 || 4,452 || 0.04% |
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| 4 || [[Puruliya district|Puruliya]] || 2,930,115 || 3,052 || 0.10% |
| 4 || [[Puruliya district|Puruliya]] || 2,930,115 || 3,052 || 0.10% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 5 || [[Murshidabad |
| 5 || [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]] || 7,103,807 || 3,037 || 0.04% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 6 || |
| 6 || || 3,596,674 || 2,904 || 0.08% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 7 || [[Hugli |
| 7 || [[Hugli district|Hugli]] || 5,519,145 || 2,160 || 0.04% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 8 || [[Koch Bihar |
| 8 || [[Koch Bihar district|Koch Bihar]] || 2,819,086 || 1,869 || 0.07% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 9 || [[Darjiling |
| 9 || [[Darjiling district|Darjiling]] || 1,846,823 || 1,840 || 0.10% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 10 || [[Barddhaman |
| 10 || [[Barddhaman district|Barddhaman]] || 7,717,563 || 1,674 || 0.02% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 11 || [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]] || 5,913,457 || 1,550 || 0.03% |
| 11 || [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]] || 5,913,457 || 1,550 || 0.03% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 12 || [[Jalpaiguri |
| 12 || [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] || 3,872,846 || 1,461 || 0.04% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 13 || [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]] || 3,007,134 || 1,324 || 0.04% |
| 13 || [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]] || 3,007,134 || 1,324 || 0.04% |
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| 15 || [[South 24 Parganas district|South 24 Parganas]] || 8,161,961 || 972 || 0.01% |
| 15 || [[South 24 Parganas district|South 24 Parganas]] || 8,161,961 || 972 || 0.01% |
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|- |
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| 16 || [[Maldah |
| 16 || [[Maldah district|Maldah]] || 3,988,845 || 639 || 0.02% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 17 || [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]] || 5,095,875 || 574 || 0.01% |
| 17 || [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]] || 5,095,875 || 574 || 0.01% |
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| 18 || [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]] || 1,676,276 || 323 || 0.02% |
| 18 || [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]] || 1,676,276 || 323 || 0.02% |
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|- |
|- |
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| 19 || [[Nadia |
| 19 || [[Nadia district|Nadia]] || 5,167,600 || 281 || 0.01% |
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|- |
|- |
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| || '''West Bengal''' (Total) || 91,276,115 || 60,141 || 0.07% |
| || '''West Bengal''' (Total) || 91,276,115 || 60,141 || 0.07% |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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|+ Trends in Jain population of West Bengal<ref name="BPSR_2015">{{cite news |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/news/opinion/bengal-s-topsy-turvy-population-growth/93152.html |title= |
|+ Trends in Jain population of West Bengal<ref name="BPSR_2015">{{cite news |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/news/opinion/bengal-s-topsy-turvy-population-growth/93152.html |title=Bengal's topsy-turvy population growth |author=B.P. Syam Roy |newspaper=The Statesman |date=28 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910125228/http://www.thestatesman.com/news/opinion/bengal-s-topsy-turvy-population-growth/93152.html |archive-date=10 September 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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! Census year |
! Census year |
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! % of total population |
! % of total population |
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|- |
|- |
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| 2011 || 0.06% |
| 2011 || 0.06% |
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|}It is to ensure that the above mentioned data is incorrect while the actual percent is very high for jains and other religions those following Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam and others. So far my details and research the population is also wrong for the above mentioned cases. Thanks for your attention. Thank you. Edited by hindustani .. express |
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== Temples == |
== Temples == |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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Pakbirra Jain Shrine of Purulia 04.jpg|[[Jain |
File:Pakbirra Jain Shrine of Purulia 04.jpg|[[Pakbirra Jain temples]], [[Purulia district|Purulia]] |
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File:Belgachhia Pareshnath Mandir (1).jpg|[[Belgachia#Jain Temple|Belgachhia Pareshnath Mandir]] |
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Pakbirra Jain Shrine of Purulia 01.jpg|Jain temple in Pakbirra |
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File:Sat Deul 6.jpg|[[Sat Deul]], Deulia |
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Statue of Adinath at Pakbirra Jain Shrine of Purulia 05.jpg|Jain idol, Pakbirra |
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File:Deul at Banda, Purulia WLM2016-0207.jpg|Banda Jain temple |
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File:Stone Deul at Charara.jpg|Deul at Charara |
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File:Deulbhira Taldangra block (05).jpg|Parshvanatha temple, Deulbhira |
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File:Deul of Harmashra (28).jpg|[[Harmasra#Culture|Harmasra Jain temple]] |
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File:Deul of Dharapat (03).jpg|Deul at Dharapat |
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File:Barabazar Swetambar Jain Temple entrance view at Kolkata.jpg|Panchayati Temple, Bara Bazar |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Commons category|Jainism in Bengal}} |
{{Commons category|Jainism in West Bengal}} |
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{{ |
{{Portal|Religion|India}} |
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*[[Jain community]] |
*[[Jain community]] |
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* [[Sarak]] |
* [[Sarak]] |
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* [[Basudih]] |
* [[Basudih]] |
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* [[Jainism in Bangladesh]] |
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== |
==Re== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Jain centres in West Bengal}} |
{{Jain centres in West Bengal}} |
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{{Jainism topics}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jainism In Bengal}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jainism In Bengal}} |
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[[Category:Jain |
[[Category:Jain communities]] |
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[[Category:Jainism in India]] |
[[Category:Jainism in India]] |
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[[Category:History of |
[[Category:History of Bengal]] |
Latest revision as of 05:32, 10 October 2024
Part of a series on |
Jainism |
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Archaeological evidence shows Jainism was a significant religion in Bengal region during the early historic period.[1]
Sarak
[edit]Saraks are a Jain community in Bihar, Bengal, Orissa, Jharkhand and Bangladesh. They have been followers of Jainism since ancient times; however, they were isolated and sain community in western, northern and southern India.
According to Ramesh Chandra Majumder, the Jain scholar Bhadrabahu, the second Louhacharya and the author of Kalpa Sutra may have come from the Sarak community.[2] The Saraks were agriculturists and moneylenders having landed properties.
They have continued to remain vegetarian even though this practice is uncommon among other communities in the region. Saraks have Parshva as a favored patron and recite the Ṇamōkāra mantra. The 24th Tirthankara Mahavira visited this region according to the Kalpa Sūtra.
The Saraks lost contact with Jains in the rest of India after its conquest by Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji. Contact with the Digambara Bundelkhand Jains was reestablished when the Parwars Manju Chaudhary (1720–1785) was appointed the governor of Cuttack by the Maratha Empire.
In 2009, more than 165 Sarak Jains living in parts of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand visited the ancient Jain pilgrimage center of Shravanabelagola. A special function to welcome the Sarak Jains was organised at Shravanabelagola.[3]
Population
[edit]Population by district
[edit]Most of the Bengali Jains now live in the Indian state of West Bengal.
# | District | Total population | Jain population | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kolkata | 4,496,694 |
254678 || 4.09% | |
2 | Haora | 4,850,029 | 9,699 | 0.20% |
3 | North 24 Parganas | 10,009,781 | 4,452 | 0.04% |
4 | Puruliya | 2,930,115 | 3,052 | 0.10% |
5 | Murshidabad | 7,103,807 | 3,037 | 0.04% |
6 | 3,596,674 | 2,904 | 0.08% | |
7 | Hugli | 5,519,145 | 2,160 | 0.04% |
8 | Koch Bihar | 2,819,086 | 1,869 | 0.07% |
9 | Darjiling | 1,846,823 | 1,840 | 0.10% |
10 | Barddhaman | 7,717,563 | 1,674 | 0.02% |
11 | Paschim Medinipur | 5,913,457 | 1,550 | 0.03% |
12 | Jalpaiguri | 3,872,846 | 1,461 | 0.04% |
13 | Uttar Dinajpur | 3,007,134 | 1,324 | 0.04% |
14 | Birbhum | 3,502,404 | 1,152 | 0.03% |
15 | South 24 Parganas | 8,161,961 | 972 | 0.01% |
16 | Maldah | 3,988,845 | 639 | 0.02% |
17 | Purba Medinipur | 5,095,875 | 574 | 0.01% |
18 | Dakshin Dinajpur | 1,676,276 | 323 | 0.02% |
19 | Nadia | 5,167,600 | 281 | 0.01% |
West Bengal (Total) | 91,276,115 | 60,141 | 0.07% |
Trends
[edit]Census year | % of total population |
---|---|
1951 | 0.08% |
1961 | 0.08% |
1971 | 0.07% |
1981 | 0.07% |
1991 | 0.05% |
2001 | 0.07% |
2011 | 0.06% |
It is to ensure that the above mentioned data is incorrect while the actual percent is very high for jains and other religions those following Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam and others. So far my details and research the population is also wrong for the above mentioned cases. Thanks for your attention. Thank you. Edited by hindustani .. express
Temples
[edit]-
Sat Deul, Deulia
-
Banda Jain temple
-
Deul at Charara
-
Parshvanatha temple, Deulbhira
-
Deul at Dharapat
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Panchayati Temple, Bara Bazar
See also
[edit]Re
[edit]- ^ Bibliography PC Bagchi, 'Development of Religious Ideas' in RC Majumdar (ed), History of Bengal, Vol-1, Dacca, 1968 (2nd edn);
- ^ Kundu, Santosh Kumar (2008). Bangali Hindu Jati Parichay [An Introduction of Bengali Hindu Castes] (in Bengali). Kolkata: Presidency Library. pp. 273–275. ISBN 978-81-89466-13-8.
- ^ "> News Updates". Www.Jainheritagecentres.Com. 2 September 2009. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
- ^ Population by religious community: West Bengal. 2011 Census of India.
- ^ B.P. Syam Roy (28 September 2015). "Bengal's topsy-turvy population growth". The Statesman. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016.