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A major support for the expansion of solar energy in Lebanon is the Net Metering policy which has been adopted and approved by the [[Électricité du Liban]] (EDL).<ref>Decision No. 318-32 / 2011</ref> Its advantages include legal and technical simplicity, in addition to the free installation of meters by EDL.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Issam Shabani|author2=Mohammad Chaaban|title=Technical Overview of the Net Metering in Lebanon|journal=Trends in Renewable Energy |date=2020 |volume=6 |issue=3|language=en-US|doi=10.17737/tre.2020.6.3.00126|doi-access=free}}</ref>
A major support for the expansion of solar energy in Lebanon is the Net Metering policy which has been adopted and approved by the [[Électricité du Liban]] (EDL).<ref>Decision No. 318-32 / 2011</ref> Its advantages include legal and technical simplicity, in addition to the free installation of meters by EDL.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Issam Shabani|author2=Mohammad Chaaban|title=Technical Overview of the Net Metering in Lebanon|journal=Trends in Renewable Energy |date=2020 |volume=6 |issue=3|language=en-US|doi=10.17737/tre.2020.6.3.00126|doi-access=free}}</ref>


In May 2021, Turkish [[Karpowership]], which provided Lebanon with 370 megawatts (MW) at a cost of $850 million per year, ceased supplying electricity due to payment arrears of $100 million, and legal threats to its two [[Power barge|barges]], ''[[MV Karadeniz Powership Fatmagül Sultan]]'' and ''[[MV Karadeniz Powership Orhan Bey]]''.<ref name=karp>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-karpowership-says-it-is-shutting-down-power-lebanon-2021-05-14/ |title=Turkey's Karpowership shuts down power to Lebanon |website=Reuters |date=14 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the961.com/turkish-firm-cut-electricity-lebanon/ |title=Turkish Firm Just Cut The Electricity Supply To Lebanon |website=the961.com |date=14 May 2021 }}</ref> An industry source said at the time that Lebanon's total capacity was about 2,200 MW, including 370 MW from the Karpowership barges, but was only generating 1,300 MW. Lebanon’s peak demand in 2020 was 3,500 MW.<ref name=karp/>
In May 2021, Turkish [[Karpowership]], which provided Lebanon with 370 megawatts (MW) at a cost of $850 million per year, ceased supplying electricity due to payment arrears of $100 million, and legal threats to its two [[Power barge|barges]], ''[[MV Karadeniz Powership Fatmagül Sultan]]'' and ''[[MV Karadeniz Powership Orhan Bey]]''.<ref name=karp>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-karpowership-says-it-is-shutting-down-power-lebanon-2021-05-14/ |title=Turkey's Karpowership shuts down power to Lebanon |website=Reuters |date=14 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the961.com/turkish-firm-cut-electricity-lebanon/ |title=Turkish Firm Just Cut The Electricity Supply To Lebanon |website=the961.com |date=14 May 2021 }}</ref> An industry source said at the time that Lebanon's total capacity was about 2,200 MW, including from the Karpowership barges, but was only generating 1,300 MW including 370 MW from the Karpowership barges. Lebanon’s peak demand in 2020 was 3,500 MW.<ref name=karp/>


In August 2021, Lebanese president announced a plan to divert its natural gas from Egypt to Jordan to produce electricity to be added to the Lebanese grid via Syria.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/107071/Egypt-to-export-gas-to-Jordan-to-secure-electricity-for |title=Egypt to export gas to Jordan to secure electricity for Lebanon: Beirut |website=Egypt Today |date=19 August 2021 }}</ref>
In August 2021, Lebanese president announced a plan to divert its natural gas from Egypt to Jordan to produce electricity to be added to the Lebanese grid via Syria.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/107071/Egypt-to-export-gas-to-Jordan-to-secure-electricity-for |title=Egypt to export gas to Jordan to secure electricity for Lebanon: Beirut |website=Egypt Today |date=19 August 2021 }}</ref>

Revision as of 21:00, 10 October 2021

Map of Lebanon

Energy in Lebanon is dominated by oil, which represents more than 95% of the primary energy consumed in 2017.[citation needed] The great majority of energy used in the country is imported.[1] The energy market in Lebanon is characterized by sharply rising consumption, and frequent shortages due to dilapidated infrastructure partly destroyed by the civil war that ravaged the country between 1975 and 1990.[2][3]

Since the 1990s, however, major work has been undertaken by the public authorities to increase production, diversify the energy mix which is highly dependent on imported fossil fuels, and connect many households without access to electricity. The consumption of primary energy has thus increased by more than 4 between 1990 and 2017, going from around 2 to more than 8 tonnes of oil equivalent over this period.[citation needed] But large gaps between generation capacity and demand persist, mainly for electricity.

Overview

Energy in Lebanon[4]
Capita Prim. energy Production Import Electricity CO2-emission
Million TWh TWh TWh TWh Mt
2004 3.54 63 3 60 8.85 15.29
2007 4.10 46 2 46 8.97 11.35
2008 4.14 61 2 61 9.51 15.23
2009 4.22 77 2 78 13.14 19.33
Change 2004–2009 19% 23% –26% 29% 48% 26%
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses.

Electricity

The primary energy use in 2009 in Lebanon was 77 TWh, 18 TWh per million persons.[5] Many Lebanese normally rely on private generators that run on diesel, although that in 2021 was in short supply.[6]

As of August 2016, electricity generation capacity in Lebanon still did not meet the country's needs. The country suffers frequent blackouts,[7] and many households and businesses rely on diesel generators for electricity.[8] Lebanon is also selling importing electricity to Syria. Domestic electricity is delivered at 230 V 50 Hz.

A major support for the expansion of solar energy in Lebanon is the Net Metering policy which has been adopted and approved by the Électricité du Liban (EDL).[9] Its advantages include legal and technical simplicity, in addition to the free installation of meters by EDL.[10]

In May 2021, Turkish Karpowership, which provided Lebanon with 370 megawatts (MW) at a cost of $850 million per year, ceased supplying electricity due to payment arrears of $100 million, and legal threats to its two barges, MV Karadeniz Powership Fatmagül Sultan and MV Karadeniz Powership Orhan Bey.[11][12] An industry source said at the time that Lebanon's total capacity was about 2,200 MW, including from the Karpowership barges, but was only generating 1,300 MW including 370 MW from the Karpowership barges. Lebanon’s peak demand in 2020 was 3,500 MW.[11]

In August 2021, Lebanese president announced a plan to divert its natural gas from Egypt to Jordan to produce electricity to be added to the Lebanese grid via Syria.[13]

There was a power blackout throughout Lebanon in October 2021 after Lebanon’s two largest power stations—the Zahrani and the Deir Ammar power stations—were shut down due to fuel shortages, leaving Lebanon with no centrally generated electricity, and not enough fuel for private electricity generators.[6]

Gas

The Arab Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline exporting Egyptian natural gas to Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, with a separate line to Israel. Regular gas supplies started on 19 October 2009 with the gas being delivered to the Deir Ammar power station.[14]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Energy in Lebanon.

References

  1. ^ "Lebanon - Countries & Regions - IEA". IEA. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  2. ^ Karam, Matthieu (2018-01-31). "Électricité au Liban : ce qu'il faut savoir pour comprendre une crise qui va crescendo". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). Retrieved 2020-02-26.
  3. ^ "Electricité du Liban, symbole de la faillite des élites politiques". L'Opinion (in French). 2019-10-25. Retrieved 2020-02-27.
  4. ^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2011, Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine 2010, Archived 2010-10-11 at the Wayback Machine 2009, Archived 2013-10-07 at the Wayback Machine 2006 Archived 2009-10-12 at the Wayback Machine IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
  5. ^ IEA Key energy statistics 2011 Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
  6. ^ a b Lebanon power outage will last several days, official says
  7. ^ "Lebanon energy plan". Power Technology | Energy News and Market Analysis. 24 May 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  8. ^ Moore, Henrietta L.; Collins, Hannah (February 2020). "Decentralised renewable energy and prosperity for Lebanon" (PDF). Energy Policy. 137: 111102. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111102.
  9. ^ Decision No. 318-32 / 2011
  10. ^ Issam Shabani; Mohammad Chaaban (2020). "Technical Overview of the Net Metering in Lebanon". Trends in Renewable Energy. 6 (3). doi:10.17737/tre.2020.6.3.00126.
  11. ^ a b "Turkey's Karpowership shuts down power to Lebanon". Reuters. 14 May 2021.
  12. ^ "Turkish Firm Just Cut The Electricity Supply To Lebanon". the961.com. 14 May 2021.
  13. ^ "Egypt to export gas to Jordan to secure electricity for Lebanon: Beirut". Egypt Today. 19 August 2021.
  14. ^ "Lebanon Receives Egypt Gas To Run Power Plant". Downstream Today. McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. 20 October 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
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