Tanzanian woolly bat: Difference between revisions
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| status = EN |
| status = EN |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref=<ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Cooper-Bohannon, R. |author2=Fahr, J. |author3=Jacobs, D. | |
| status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Cooper-Bohannon, R. |author2=Fahr, J. |author3=Jacobs, D. |date=2020 |title=''Kerivoula africana'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T10966A21975149 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10966A21975149.en |access-date=15 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| genus = Kerivoula |
| genus = Kerivoula |
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| species = africana |
| species = africana |
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Its natural [[habitat]] is subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s. |
Its natural [[habitat]] is subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s. |
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It is threatened by [[habitat loss]]. |
It is threatened by [[habitat loss]]. |
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Coastal wetlands are lost via conversion to [[subsistence agriculture]] and coastal forests being subject to [[logging]] by the timber industry and local use.<ref name="iucn"/> |
Coastal wetlands are lost via conversion to [[subsistence agriculture]] and coastal forests being subject to [[logging]] by the timber industry and local use.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> |
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==Conservation== |
==Conservation== |
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It is currently evaluated as [[endangered species|endangered]] by the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]], a designation it has maintained since 2004. |
It is currently evaluated as [[endangered species|endangered]] by the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]], a designation it has maintained since 2004. |
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From 1988 to 1996, it was evaluated as possibly extinct, and from 1996 to 2004 it was evaluated as [[data deficient]]. |
From 1988 to 1996, it was evaluated as possibly extinct, and from 1996 to 2004 it was evaluated as [[data deficient]]. |
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It meets the criteria to be listed as an endangered species because its area of occupancy is likely less than {{convert|500|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, all individuals are likely in fewer than five locations, and the extent of its habitat is in decline.<ref name="iucn"/> |
It meets the criteria to be listed as an endangered species because its area of occupancy is likely less than {{convert|500|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, all individuals are likely in fewer than five locations, and the extent of its habitat is in decline.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> |
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In 1999, MacPhee and Flemming considered it allegedly extinct since roughly 1878,<ref name="MacPhee 1999">{{cite book |last=MacPhee |first=R.D.E. |last2=Flemming |first2=C. |year=1999 |chapter=Requiem Æternam |editor-last=MacPhee |editor-first=R.D.E. |title=Extinctions in Near Time |series=Advances in Vertebrate Paleobiology |volume=2 |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |doi=10.1007/978-1-4757-5202-1_13 |isbn=978-1-4757-5202-1}}</ref> though it was rediscovered shortly after their paper was published, in 2000.<ref name="Fleming 2010">{{cite book|editor-last1=Fleming| editor-first1= T. H.| editor-last2= Racey| editor-first2= P. A.| date=2010|title= Island bats: evolution, ecology, and conservation| publisher= University of Chicago Press| page=502|isbn=9780226253312}}</ref><ref name="Burgess 2000">{{cite book| editor-last1=Burgess| editor-first1=N.D.| editor-last2=Clarke| editor-first2=G.P.|title=Coastal forests of eastern Africa|isbn=978-2831704364|location=Gland, Switzerland|publisher=IUCN Forest Conservation Programme}}</ref><ref name="Maas 2014">{{cite web|last=Maas| first= P.H.J.|date= 2014|title= Rediscovered Species and Subspecies| publisher= TSEW (2017). The Sixth Extinction Website| url=http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct-archive/lists/rediscovered.htm| access-date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> |
In 1999, MacPhee and Flemming considered it allegedly extinct since roughly 1878,<ref name="MacPhee 1999">{{cite book |last=MacPhee |first=R.D.E. |last2=Flemming |first2=C. |year=1999 |chapter=Requiem Æternam |editor-last=MacPhee |editor-first=R.D.E. |title=Extinctions in Near Time |series=Advances in Vertebrate Paleobiology |volume=2 |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |doi=10.1007/978-1-4757-5202-1_13 |isbn=978-1-4757-5202-1}}</ref> though it was rediscovered shortly after their paper was published, in 2000.<ref name="Fleming 2010">{{cite book|editor-last1=Fleming| editor-first1= T. H.| editor-last2= Racey| editor-first2= P. A.| date=2010|title= Island bats: evolution, ecology, and conservation| publisher= University of Chicago Press| page=502|isbn=9780226253312}}</ref><ref name="Burgess 2000">{{cite book| editor-last1=Burgess| editor-first1=N.D.| editor-last2=Clarke| editor-first2=G.P.|title=Coastal forests of eastern Africa|isbn=978-2831704364|location=Gland, Switzerland|publisher=IUCN Forest Conservation Programme}}</ref><ref name="Maas 2014">{{cite web|last=Maas| first= P.H.J.|date= 2014|title= Rediscovered Species and Subspecies| publisher= TSEW (2017). The Sixth Extinction Website| url=http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct-archive/lists/rediscovered.htm| access-date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> |
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In addition to [[habitat destruction]], this species is also threatened by collection for use in [[traditional medicine]]. |
In addition to [[habitat destruction]], this species is also threatened by collection for use in [[traditional medicine]]. |
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Revision as of 13:26, 15 November 2021
| Tanzanian woolly bat | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | Kerivoula |
| Species: | K. africana
|
| Binomial name | |
| Kerivoula africana Dobson, 1878
| |
The Tanzanian woolly bat or Dobson's painted bata (Kerivoula africana) is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found only in Tanzania. Locally, it is known as the "popo" or "tunge".[2]
Taxonomy and etymology
It was initially described by Irish zoologist George Edward Dobson in 1878. He described the species based on a specimen collected by French zoologist Achille Raffray in 1875 in Zanzibar.[3] Its species name "africana" is a New Latin derivative of Latin āfricānus, meaning "African".
Description
In his 1878 description of the species, Dobson stated that its ears and tragus were similar in appearance to that of Hardwicke's woolly bat, Kerivoula hardwicki. It lacks fur between its eyes, but has a fringe of longer hairs along its lips. Its dorsal fur is bicolored, with the base of individual hairs dark brown and the tip grayish brown. Fur on the ventral surface is also bicolored, but the color is lighter overall. Its head and body is 1.35 in (34 mm) long; its tail is also 1.35 in (34 mm) long; its ear is 0.5 in (13 mm) long; its tragus is 0.3 in (7.6 mm) long; its forearm is 1.1 in (28 mm) long; its foot is 0.25 in (6.4 mm) long. Its dental formula is 2.1.3.33.1.3.3 for a total of 38 teeth. At the time of its description, it was the smallest species of its genus known.[4]
Range and habitat
It is endemic to Tanzania, and is only found on the country's eastern coast. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. Coastal wetlands are lost via conversion to subsistence agriculture and coastal forests being subject to logging by the timber industry and local use.[1]
Conservation
It is currently evaluated as endangered by the IUCN, a designation it has maintained since 2004. From 1988 to 1996, it was evaluated as possibly extinct, and from 1996 to 2004 it was evaluated as data deficient. It meets the criteria to be listed as an endangered species because its area of occupancy is likely less than 500 km2 (190 sq mi), all individuals are likely in fewer than five locations, and the extent of its habitat is in decline.[1] In 1999, MacPhee and Flemming considered it allegedly extinct since roughly 1878,[5] though it was rediscovered shortly after their paper was published, in 2000.[6][7][8] In addition to habitat destruction, this species is also threatened by collection for use in traditional medicine. The Sukuma people believe that pneumonia can be treated by burning the body of a Tanzanian woolly bat and inhaling the smoke. One bat is supposed to be burned and inhaled per day for three days.[2]
References
- ^ a b c Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Fahr, J.; Jacobs, D. (2020). "Kerivoula africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10966A21975149. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10966A21975149.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ a b Vats, R.; Thomas, S. (2015). "A study on use of animals as traditional medicine by Sukuma Tribe of Busega District in North-western Tanzania". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 11 (1): 38. doi:10.1186/s13002-015-0001-y. PMC 4472419. PMID 25947365.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "Collection: Mammals (ZM) Specimen MNHN-ZM-MO-1985-1063". Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (France). Retrieved November 20, 2017.
- ^ Dobson, G. E. (1878). Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. London: order of the Trustees. p. 335.
- ^ MacPhee, R.D.E.; Flemming, C. (1999). "Requiem Æternam". In MacPhee, R.D.E. (ed.). Extinctions in Near Time. Advances in Vertebrate Paleobiology. Vol. 2. Springer Science+Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5202-1_13. ISBN 978-1-4757-5202-1.
- ^ Fleming, T. H.; Racey, P. A., eds. (2010). Island bats: evolution, ecology, and conservation. University of Chicago Press. p. 502. ISBN 9780226253312.
- ^ Burgess, N.D.; Clarke, G.P. (eds.). Coastal forests of eastern Africa. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN Forest Conservation Programme. ISBN 978-2831704364.
- ^ Maas, P.H.J. (2014). "Rediscovered Species and Subspecies". TSEW (2017). The Sixth Extinction Website. Retrieved November 21, 2017.