Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone: Difference between revisions
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Colloquially, it is sometimes called '''flakka''', '''gravel''', or the '''zombie drug'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/zombie-drug-flakka-may-have-hit-winnipeg-streets-police-1.4383153|title='Zombie drug' flakka may have hit Winnipeg streets: police|work=[[CBC News]]|date=November 2, 2017| vauthors = Coubrough J }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/flakka-what-is-it-florida-face-eating-attack-zombie-drug-austin-harrouff-a7195871.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818194424/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/flakka-what-is-it-florida-face-eating-attack-zombie-drug-austin-harrouff-a7195871.html |archive-date=2016-08-18 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|title=Flakka: What is the 'zombie drug' blamed for face-eating attacks?|work=[[The Independent]]|date=August 17, 2016| vauthors = England C, Garcia F }}</ref> |
Colloquially, it is sometimes called '''flakka''', '''gravel''', or the '''zombie drug'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/zombie-drug-flakka-may-have-hit-winnipeg-streets-police-1.4383153|title='Zombie drug' flakka may have hit Winnipeg streets: police|work=[[CBC News]]|date=November 2, 2017| vauthors = Coubrough J }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/flakka-what-is-it-florida-face-eating-attack-zombie-drug-austin-harrouff-a7195871.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818194424/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/flakka-what-is-it-florida-face-eating-attack-zombie-drug-austin-harrouff-a7195871.html |archive-date=2016-08-18 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|title=Flakka: What is the 'zombie drug' blamed for face-eating attacks?|work=[[The Independent]]|date=August 17, 2016| vauthors = England C, Garcia F }}</ref> |
Revision as of 22:05, 7 May 2024
Clinical data | |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intranasal, vaporization, intravenous, sublingual |
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Identifiers | |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C15H21NO |
Molar mass | 231.339 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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(what is this?) (verify) |
Colloquially, it is sometimes called flakka, gravel, or the zombie drug.[7][8]
Adverse effects
According to Craig Crespi in the journal Case Reports in Psychiatry, "symptoms are known to easily escalate into frightening delusions, paranoid psychosis, extreme agitation, and a multitude of other altered mental states." These common adverse effects of
In addition, agitated delirium has been named as an adverse effect of
Pharmacology
Chemistry
Detection in body fluids
Society and culture
Legal status
Australia
EU
China
As of October 2015,
Italy
Cathinone and all structurally derived analogues (including pyrovalerone analogues) were classified as narcotics in January 2012.[31][16]
US
On 28 January 2014, the DEA listed
Economics
See also
α -Pyrrolidinohexiophenone (α -PHP)α -Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone (α -PVT)α -PCYP- Alpha-D2PV
- 4'-Methoxy-
α -pyrrolidinopentiophenone - Naphyrone (O-2482)
- Pentedrone
- Pentylone
- Prolintane
- Pyrovalerone (O-2371)
Notes
References
- ^ Anvisa (2023-07-24). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-07-25). Archived from the original on 2023-08-27. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
- ^ "PubChem Substance Record for SID 481087126, alpha-PVP". National Center for Biotechnology Information. May 9, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
- ^ "PubChem Substance Record for SID 172113243, alpha-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone". National Center for Biotechnology Information. March 3, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
- ^ GB 927475, "
α -Pyrrolidinovalerophenones", published May 29, 1963 - ^ Logan BK (September 13, 2013). "SOFT Designer Drug Committee Monographs: Alpha-PVP" (PDF). Society of Forensic Toxicologists. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2015.
- ^ Sauer C, Peters FT, Haas C, Meyer MR, Fritschi G, Maurer HH (June 2009). "New designer drug alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 44 (6): 952–64. Bibcode:2009JMSp...44..952S. doi:10.1002/jms.1571. PMID 19241365.
- ^ Coubrough J (November 2, 2017). "'Zombie drug' flakka may have hit Winnipeg streets: police". CBC News.
- ^ England C, Garcia F (August 17, 2016). "Flakka: What is the 'zombie drug' blamed for face-eating attacks?". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2016-08-18.
- ^ "Drugs of Abuse Emerging Trends". National Institute on Drug Abuse. 6 April 2015.
- ^ Marinetti LJ, Antonides HM (April 2013). "Analysis of synthetic cathinones commonly found in bath salts in human performance and postmortem toxicology: method development, drug distribution and interpretation of results". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 37 (3): 135–46. doi:10.1093/jat/bks136. PMID 23361867.
- ^ Richards-Waugh LL, Bailey KM, Clay DJ, Gebhardt MA, Newsome-Sparks CL, Majmoud HE, Venuti SE, Kraner JC (2013). "t" (PDF). AAFS Proceedings. Abstract K16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-08. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
- ^ "Cheap, synthetic 'flakka' dethroning cocaine on Florida drug scene".
27 people have died from flakka-related overdoses in the last eight months in Broward County
- ^ Klavž J, Gorenjak M, Marinšek M (August 2016). "Suicide attempt with a mix of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones: Case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, alpha-PVP and 4-CMC". Forensic Science International. 265: 121–4. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.018. PMID 26890319.
- ^ Sykutera M, Cychowska M, Bloch-Boguslawska E (May 2015). "A Fatal Case of Pentedrone and
α -Pyrrolidinovalerophenone Poisoning". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 39 (4): 324–9. doi:10.1093/jat/bkv011. PMID 25737339. - ^ Mash DC (2016). "Excited Delirium and Sudden Death: A Syndromal Disorder at the Extreme End of the Neuropsychiatric Continuum". Frontiers in Physiology. 7: 435. doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00435. PMC 5061757. PMID 27790150.
- ^ a b c "EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: 1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone (
α -PVP)". European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). September 2015. - ^ Marusich JA, Antonazzo KR, Wiley JL, Blough BE, Partilla JS, Baumann MH (December 2014). "Pharmacology of novel synthetic stimulants structurally related to the "bath salts" constituent 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)". Neuropharmacology. 87: 206–13. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.02.016. PMC 4152390. PMID 24594476.
- ^ Rickli A, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (March 2015). "Monoamine transporter and receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive substances: para-halogenated amphetamines and pyrovalerone cathinones" (PDF). European Neuropsychopharmacology. 25 (3): 365–76. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.12.012. PMID 25624004. S2CID 5511568.
- ^ Meltzer PC, Butler D, Deschamps JR, Madras BK (February 2006). "1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogues: a promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 49 (4): 1420–32. doi:10.1021/jm050797a. PMC 2602954. PMID 16480278.
- ^ Gannon BM, Galindo KI, Mesmin MP, Sulima A, Rice KC, Collins GT (May 2018). "Relative reinforcing effects of second-generation synthetic cathinones: Acquisition of self-administration and fixed ratio dose-response curves in rats". Neuropharmacology. 134 (Pt A): 28–35. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.018. PMC 5809320. PMID 28811192.
- ^ Gannon BM, Rice KC, Collins GT (October 2017). "Reinforcing effects of abused 'bath salts' constituents 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone and
α -pyrrolidinopentiophenone and their enantiomers". Behavioural Pharmacology. 28 (7): 578–581. doi:10.1097/FBP.0000000000000315. PMC 5599337. PMID 28570297. - ^ "Reactions table". Reagent Base. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
- ^ Eiden C, Mathieu O, Cathala P, Debruyne D, Baccino E, Petit P, Peyriere H (November 2013). "Toxicity and death following recreational use of 2-pyrrolidino valerophenone". Clinical Toxicology. 51 (9): 899–903. doi:10.3109/15563650.2013.847187. PMID 24111554. S2CID 22826544.
- ^ Baselt RC (2014). Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man. Seal Beach, Ca.: Biomedical Publications. p. 1751. ISBN 978-0-9626523-9-4.
- ^ "Látky, o které byl doplněn seznam č. 4 psychotropních látek (příloha č. 4 k nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.)" (PDF) (in Czech). Ministerstvo zdravotnictví. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-05-15.
- ^ a b Poisons Standard July 2016 Comlaw.gov.au
- ^ a b Olding R. "'Bath salts' death: lethal drug was a top seller". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ^ "Flakka, synthetic drug behind increasingly bizarre crimes". AP. 30 Apr 2015. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/1070 of 27 June 2016 on subjecting
α -PVP to control measures". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-08-13. - ^ 关于
印 发《非 药用类麻醉 药品和 精神 药品列 管 办法》的 通知 . China Food and Drug Administration (in Chinese). 27 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015. - ^ "Decreto 29 dicembre 2011 (12A00013) (G.U. Serie Generale n. 3 del 4 gennaio 2012)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2016-05-28.
- ^ "Rules - 2014". DEA/DOJ Diversion Control. Archived from the original on 2016-10-17. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
- ^ "Lists of:Scheduling Actions, Controlled Substances, Regulated Chemicals" (PDF). US Department of Justice. August 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
- ^ Steinberg J (November 8, 2015). "Flakka: The New Illegal Drug You Need to Know About". Inc. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
- ^ Alvarez T (April 2, 2015). "Flakka: Rampant designer drug dubbed '$5 insanity'". Sun-Sentinel. Fort Lauderdale, Fla.