Berlin Circle: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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The Berlin Circle was created in the late 1920s by [[Hans Reichenbach]], [[Joseph Petzoldt]], [[Kurt Grelling]] and [[Walter Dubislav]] and composed of philosophers and scientists such as [[Carl Gustav Hempel]], [[David Hilbert]] and [[Richard von Mises]]. In 1927 it was |
The Berlin Circle was created in the late 1920s by [[Hans Reichenbach]], [[Joseph Petzoldt]], [[Kurt Grelling]] and [[Walter Dubislav]] and composed of philosophers and scientists such as [[Carl Gustav Hempel]], [[David Hilbert]] and [[Richard von Mises]]. In 1927 it was founded as the "local Berlin group" (German: "Berliner Ortsgruppe") of "the international society for empirical philosophy" (German: "Die Internationale Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie"), which was renamed in 1928 as "Berlin society for empirical philosophy" (German: "Berliner Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie"), and in 1931 again renamed as "Berliner Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Philosophie" (German: "Berlin society for scientific philosophy").<ref name=hent>{{Cite book | author=Hentschel, K. | year=1990 | title=Interpretationen und Fehlinterpretationen der speziellen und der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie durch Zeitgenossen Albert Einsteins | location=Basel—Boston—Bonn | publisher=Birkhäuser | doi=10.18419/opus-7182 | isbn=978-3-7643-2438-4 | url=http://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/opus/volltexte/2010/5175/ }}; See p. 405.</ref> Together with the [[Vienna Circle]], they published the journal ''[[Erkenntnis]]'' ("Knowledge") edited by [[Rudolf Carnap]] and Reichenbach, and organized several congresses and colloquia concerning the [[philosophy of science]], the first of which was held in [[Prague]] in 1929.<ref>[http://www.iep.utm.edu/berlincr/ "Berlin Circle" entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]</ref> |
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The Berlin Circle had much in common with the Vienna Circle, but the philosophies of the circles differed on a few subjects, such as [[probability]] and [[conventionalism]]. Reichenbach insisted on calling his philosophy logical empiricism, to distinguish it from the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle. Few people today make the distinction, and the words are often used interchangeably. Members of the Berlin Circle were particularly active in analyzing the philosophical and [[logical consequence]]s of the advances in contemporary [[physics]], especially the [[theory of relativity]]. Apart from that, they denied the [[soundness]] of [[metaphysics]] and traditional philosophy and asserted that many philosophical problems are indeed meaningless. After the rise of [[Nazism]], several of the group's members emigrated to other countries, including Reichenbach, who moved to [[Turkey]] in 1933 and later to the United States in 1938; Dubislav emigrated to [[Prague]] in 1936; Hempel moved to Belgium in 1934 and later to the United States in 1939; and Grelling was killed in a [[concentration camp]]. A younger member of the Berlin Circle or Berlin School to leave Germany was [[Olaf Helmer]] who joined the [[RAND Corporation]] and played an important role in the development of the [[Delphi method]] used for predicting future trends, and other early forms of [[social technology]].<ref>''Berlin School of Logical Empiricism'' by [[Nicholas Rescher]] (Springer, 2006).</ref> |
The Berlin Circle had much in common with the Vienna Circle, but the philosophies of the circles differed on a few subjects, such as [[probability]] and [[conventionalism]]. Reichenbach insisted on calling his philosophy logical empiricism, to distinguish it from the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle. Few people today make the distinction, and the words are often used interchangeably. Members of the Berlin Circle were particularly active in analyzing the philosophical and [[logical consequence]]s of the advances in contemporary [[physics]], especially the [[theory of relativity]]. Apart from that, they denied the [[soundness]] of [[metaphysics]] and traditional philosophy and asserted that many philosophical problems are indeed meaningless. After the rise of [[Nazism]], several of the group's members emigrated to other countries, including Reichenbach, who moved to [[Turkey]] in 1933 and later to the United States in 1938; Dubislav emigrated to [[Prague]] in 1936; Hempel moved to Belgium in 1934 and later to the United States in 1939; and Grelling was killed in a [[concentration camp]]. A younger member of the Berlin Circle or Berlin School to leave Germany was [[Olaf Helmer]] who joined the [[RAND Corporation]] and played an important role in the development of the [[Delphi method]] used for predicting future trends, and other early forms of [[social technology]].<ref>''Berlin School of Logical Empiricism'' by [[Nicholas Rescher]] (Springer, 2006).</ref> |
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Revision as of 09:39, 27 June 2024
The Berlin Circle (German: die Berliner Gruppe) was a group that maintained logical empiricist views about philosophy.
History
The Berlin Circle was created in the late 1920s by Hans Reichenbach, Joseph Petzoldt, Kurt Grelling and Walter Dubislav and composed of philosophers and scientists such as Carl Gustav Hempel, David Hilbert and Richard von Mises. In 1927 it was founded as the "local Berlin group" (German: "Berliner Ortsgruppe") of "the international society for empirical philosophy" (German: "Die Internationale Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie"), which was renamed in 1928 as "Berlin society for empirical philosophy" (German: "Berliner Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie"), and in 1931 again renamed as "Berliner Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Philosophie" (German: "Berlin society for scientific philosophy").[1] Together with the Vienna Circle, they published the journal Erkenntnis ("Knowledge") edited by Rudolf Carnap and Reichenbach, and organized several congresses and colloquia concerning the philosophy of science, the first of which was held in Prague in 1929.[2]
The Berlin Circle had much in common with the Vienna Circle, but the philosophies of the circles differed on a few subjects, such as probability and conventionalism. Reichenbach insisted on calling his philosophy logical empiricism, to distinguish it from the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle. Few people today make the distinction, and the words are often used interchangeably. Members of the Berlin Circle were particularly active in analyzing the philosophical and logical consequences of the advances in contemporary physics, especially the theory of relativity. Apart from that, they denied the soundness of metaphysics and traditional philosophy and asserted that many philosophical problems are indeed meaningless. After the rise of Nazism, several of the group's members emigrated to other countries, including Reichenbach, who moved to Turkey in 1933 and later to the United States in 1938; Dubislav emigrated to Prague in 1936; Hempel moved to Belgium in 1934 and later to the United States in 1939; and Grelling was killed in a concentration camp. A younger member of the Berlin Circle or Berlin School to leave Germany was Olaf Helmer who joined the RAND Corporation and played an important role in the development of the Delphi method used for predicting future trends, and other early forms of social technology.[3]
After emigrating to various countries the group effectively came to an end, but not without influencing a wide range of philosophers of the 20th century, its method having been especially influential on analytic philosophy and futurology.[citation needed]
References
- ^ Hentschel, K. (1990). Interpretationen und Fehlinterpretationen der speziellen und der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie durch Zeitgenossen Albert Einsteins. Basel—Boston—Bonn: Birkhäuser. doi:10.18419/opus-7182. ISBN 978-3-7643-2438-4.; See p. 405.
- ^ "Berlin Circle" entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- ^ Berlin School of Logical Empiricism by Nicholas Rescher (Springer, 2006).
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