List of female scientists before the 20th century: Difference between revisions
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*[[Artemisia of Caria]] (c. 300 BCE), botanist {{Citation needed|date=May 2007}} |
*[[Artemisia of Caria]] (c. 300 BCE), botanist {{Citation needed|date=May 2007}} |
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*[[Aspasia of Miletus]] (4th century BCE), philosopher and scientist |
*[[Aspasia of Miletus]] (4th century BCE), philosopher and scientist |
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*[[Cleopatra the Alchemist]] Her identity is unclear, but her book, ''The Chrysopoeia of Cleopatra'', is [http://www.kheper.net/topics/archetypes/uroboros.htm] first recorded as existing in the 2nd century A.D./C.E. in Alexandria. |
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*[[Diotima of Mantinea]] (4th century BCE), philosopher and scientist, ancient Greece (sources vary as to her historicity; possibly a fictionalized character based on Aspasia of Miletus) |
*[[Diotima of Mantinea]] (4th century BCE), philosopher and scientist, ancient Greece (sources vary as to her historicity; possibly a fictionalized character based on Aspasia of Miletus) |
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*[[Enheduanna]] (c. 2285-2250 BCE), Sumerian/Akkadian astronomer and poet |
*[[Enheduanna]] (c. 2285-2250 BCE), Sumerian/Akkadian astronomer and poet |
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*[[Isabella Cortese]], (fl. 1561), Italian alchemist |
*[[Isabella Cortese]], (fl. 1561), Italian alchemist |
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*[[Maria Cunitz]] (1610–1664), Silesian astronomer |
*[[Maria Cunitz]] (1610–1664), Silesian astronomer |
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*[[Du Chatelet, Martine de Birtereau, Baroness of Beausoleil]] (1602–1642), French mineralogist and mining engineer |
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*[[Jeanne Dumée]] (fl. 1680), French astronomer |
*[[Jeanne Dumée]] (fl. 1680), French astronomer |
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<!--*[[Marie Duprée]] (17th century), French natural philosopher groupee of Decartes--> |
<!--*[[Marie Duprée]] (17th century), French natural philosopher groupee of Decartes--> |
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*[[Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine]] (1618–1680), German natural philosopher |
*[[Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine]] (1618–1680), German natural philosopher |
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*[[Beatriz Galindo]] (1465–1534), Spanish physician |
*[[Beatriz Galindo]] (1465–1534), Spanish physician |
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*[[Françoise Grigan]] (1646–1705), French natural philosopher |
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*[[Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius]] (c.1646), astronomer, wife of Johannes Hevelius |
*[[Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius]] (c.1646), astronomer, wife of Johannes Hevelius |
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* [[Hedvig Eleonora Klingenstierna]], (17th century) Swedish lecturer in Latin at Linköping University |
* [[Hedvig Eleonora Klingenstierna]], (17th century) Swedish lecturer in Latin at Linköping University |
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*[[Anne de La Vigne]] (b. 1684), French [[natural philosopher]] |
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*[[Maria Sibylla Merian]] (1647–1717), naturalist |
*[[Maria Sibylla Merian]] (1647–1717), naturalist |
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*[[Tarquinia Molza]] (1542–1617), Italian natural philosopher |
*[[Tarquinia Molza]] (1542–1617), Italian natural philosopher |
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*[[Elena Cornaro Piscopia]] (1646–1684), Italian mathematician and the first female PhD |
*[[Elena Cornaro Piscopia]] (1646–1684), Italian mathematician and the first female PhD |
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*[[Louise-Anastasia Serment]] (1642–1692), French natural philosopher |
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*[[Jane Sharp]] (fl. 1671), British midwife |
*[[Jane Sharp]] (fl. 1671), British midwife |
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*[[Lorenna Strozzi]] (1515–1591), Italian natural philosopher |
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{{col-end}} |
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*[[Catherine Littlefield Greene]] (1755–1814), American inventor |
*[[Catherine Littlefield Greene]] (1755–1814), American inventor |
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*[[Claudine Guyton de Morveau]] (c.1770-c.1820), French natural philosopher |
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*[[Caroline Herschel]] (1750–1848), German-British astronomer |
*[[Caroline Herschel]] (1750–1848), German-British astronomer |
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*[[Josephine Kablick]] (b. 1787), Botanist |
*[[Josephine Kablick]] (b. 1787), Botanist |
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*[[Christine Kirch]] (c.1696-1782), German astronomer |
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*[[Maria Margarethe Kirch]], (1670–1720), German astronomer |
*[[Maria Margarethe Kirch]], (1670–1720), German astronomer |
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*[[Maria La Chapelle]] (1769–1821), French midwife |
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*[[Marie Améile Lalande]] (fl. 1790), French astronomer |
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*[[Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze|Marie Paulze Lavoisier]] (1758–1836), French chemist and illustrator |
*[[Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze|Marie Paulze Lavoisier]] (1758–1836), French chemist and illustrator |
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*[[Martha Daniell Logan]] (1702–1779), American horticulturist |
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*[[Anna Morandi Manzolini]] (1716–1774), Italian physician and anatomist |
*[[Anna Morandi Manzolini]] (1716–1774), Italian physician and anatomist |
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<!--*[[Sybilla Masters]] (c.1715) patent for a corn mill--> |
<!--*[[Sybilla Masters]] (c.1715) patent for a corn mill--> |
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*[[Louise du Pierry]] (b. 1746), French astronomer |
*[[Louise du Pierry]] (b. 1746), French astronomer |
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<!--*[[Eliza Luca Pinckney]] (1723-1766) indigo dye pioneer--> |
<!--*[[Eliza Luca Pinckney]] (1723-1766) indigo dye pioneer--> |
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*[[Martha Laurens Ramsey]] (1718–1811), American agronomist |
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*[[Christina Roccati]] (1732–1797) |
*[[Christina Roccati]] (1732–1797) |
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*[[Clotilde Tambroni]] (1758–1817), Italian philologist and linguistic |
*[[Clotilde Tambroni]] (1758–1817), Italian philologist and linguistic |
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{{col-break}} |
{{col-break}} |
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*[[Lovisa Årberg]] (1801–1881) first woman doctor and surgeon in Sweden. |
*[[Lovisa Årberg]] (1801–1881) first woman doctor and surgeon in Sweden. |
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*[[Elisabeth Adams]] (19th century) |
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*[[Elizabeth Cary Agassiz]] (1822–1907), American natural historian |
*[[Elizabeth Cary Agassiz]] (1822–1907), American natural historian |
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*[[Mary Albertson]], American astronomer and biologist |
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*[[Elizabeth Garrett Anderson]] (1836–1917), British physician |
*[[Elizabeth Garrett Anderson]] (1836–1917), British physician |
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*[[Mary Anning]] (1799–1847), British natural historian |
*[[Mary Anning]] (1799–1847), British natural historian |
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*[[Emily Blackwell]] (1826–1910 ), American physician |
*[[Emily Blackwell]] (1826–1910 ), American physician |
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*[[Marie Gillain Boivin]] (1773–1841), French midwife |
*[[Marie Gillain Boivin]] (1773–1841), French midwife |
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*[[Mary Layne Brandegee]] (1844–1920), American biologist |
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*[[Elizabeth Knight Britton]] (1858–1934), American biologist |
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*[[Mary E. Britton]] (19th century) |
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*[[Elizabeth Brown]] (d. 1899), British astronomer |
*[[Elizabeth Brown]] (d. 1899), British astronomer |
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*[[Mary Morland Buckland]] (d. 1857), British natural historian |
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*[[Mary Whiton Calkins]] (1863–1930), American psychologist |
*[[Mary Whiton Calkins]] (1863–1930), American psychologist |
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*[[Annie Jump Cannon]] (1863–1941), American astronomer |
*[[Annie Jump Cannon]] (1863–1941), American astronomer |
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*[[Mary Agnes Meara Chase]] (1869–1963), American biologist |
*[[Mary Agnes Meara Chase]] (1869–1963), American biologist |
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*[[Cornelia Clapp]] (1849–1934), American zoologist |
*[[Cornelia Clapp]] (1849–1934), American zoologist |
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*[[Agnes Mary Claypole]] (1870–1954), American biologist |
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*[[Edith Jane Claypole]] (1870–1915), American biologist |
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*[[Agnes Mary Clerke]] (1842–1907), British astronomer |
*[[Agnes Mary Clerke]] (1842–1907), British astronomer |
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*[[Anna Botsford Comstock]] (1854–1930), American natural historian |
*[[Anna Botsford Comstock]] (1854–1930), American natural historian |
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*[[A. Grace Cook]] American astronomer |
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*[[Clara Eaton Cummings]] (1853–1906), American biologist |
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*[[Florence Cushman]] American astronomer |
*[[Florence Cushman]] American astronomer |
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*[[Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt]] (1859–1928) American pathologist |
*[[Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt]] (1859–1928) American pathologist |
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*[[Amalie Dietrich]] (1821–1891), German natural historian |
*[[Amalie Dietrich]] (1821–1891), German natural historian |
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*[[Maria Dalle Donne]] (19th century) |
*[[Maria Dalle Donne]] (19th century) |
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*[[June Etta Downey]] (1875–1932), American psychologist |
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*[[Marie Durocher]] (1809–1893), Brazilian obstetrician, midwife and physician |
*[[Marie Durocher]] (1809–1893), Brazilian obstetrician, midwife and physician |
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*[[Mary Anna Palmer Draper]] (1839–1914), American astronomer |
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*[[Alice Eastwood]] (1859–1953), American biologist |
*[[Alice Eastwood]] (1859–1953), American biologist |
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*[[Rosa Smith Eigenmann]] (1858–1947), American biologist |
*[[Rosa Smith Eigenmann]] (1858–1947), American biologist |
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*[[Mileva Einstein-Maric]] (1875–1948), Serbian/Swiss physicist |
*[[Mileva Einstein-Maric]] (1875–1948), Serbian/Swiss physicist |
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*[[Ellen Eglui]] (19th century) |
*[[Ellen Eglui]] (19th century) |
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*[[Mary Orr Evershed]] (1867–1949), British astronomer |
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*[[Margaret Clay Ferguson]] (1863–1951), American biologist |
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*[[Alice Cunningham Fletcher]] (1838–1923), American ethnologist |
*[[Alice Cunningham Fletcher]] (1838–1923), American ethnologist |
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*[[Williamina Fleming]] (1857–1911), Scottish/American astronomer |
*[[Williamina Fleming]] (1857–1911), Scottish/American astronomer |
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*[[Rosalie Fougelberg]] (1841) , Swedish dentist |
*[[Rosalie Fougelberg]] (1841) , Swedish dentist |
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*[[Lydia Folger Fowler]] (1822–1879), American physician |
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*[[Melanie Hahnemann]] (1800-1878), French homepath |
*[[Melanie Hahnemann]] (1800-1878), French homepath |
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*[[Harriet Boyd Hawes]] (1871–1945), American archeologist |
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*[[Margaret Lindsay Huggins|Margaret Lindsay Murray Huggins]] (1848–1915), British astronomer |
*[[Margaret Lindsay Huggins|Margaret Lindsay Murray Huggins]] (1848–1915), British astronomer |
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*[[Ida Henrietta Hyde]] (1857–1945), American biologist |
*[[Ida Henrietta Hyde]] (1857–1945), American biologist |
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*[[Kisamor|Maria Jansson]] (1788–1842), known as ''Kisamor'', Swedish physician |
*[[Kisamor|Maria Jansson]] (1788–1842), known as ''Kisamor'', Swedish physician |
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*[[Sophia Jex-Blake]] (1840–1912), British physician |
*[[Sophia Jex-Blake]] (1840–1912), British physician |
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*[[Marcia Keith]] (1859–1950), American physicist |
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*[[Mary Kies]] (19th century), American inventor |
*[[Mary Kies]] (19th century), American inventor |
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*[[Sofia Kovalevskaya]] (1850–1891), Russian mathematician (partial differential equations, rotating solids, Abelian functions) |
*[[Sofia Kovalevskaya]] (1850–1891), Russian mathematician (partial differential equations, rotating solids, Abelian functions) |
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*[[Christine Ladd-Franklin]] (1847–1930), American psychologist |
*[[Christine Ladd-Franklin]] (1847–1930), American psychologist |
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*[[Lefebre]] (19th century) |
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*[[Henrietta Swan Leavitt]] (1868–1921), American astronomer |
*[[Henrietta Swan Leavitt]] (1868–1921), American astronomer |
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*[[Sarah Plumber Lemmon]] (1836–1923), American biologist |
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*[[Jane C. Loudon|Jane Webb Loudon]] (1807–1858), British botanist |
*[[Jane C. Loudon|Jane Webb Loudon]] (1807–1858), British botanist |
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*[[Ada Lovelace|Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace]] (1815–1851), British mathematician |
*[[Ada Lovelace|Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace]] (1815–1851), British mathematician |
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*[[Mary Horner Lyell]] (1808–1873), British geologist |
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*[[A. H. Manning]] (19th century) |
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*[[Margaret Eliza Maltby]] (1860–1944), American physicist |
*[[Margaret Eliza Maltby]] (1860–1944), American physicist |
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*[[Jane Haldimand Marcet]] (1769–1858), British natural philosopher |
*[[Jane Haldimand Marcet]] (1769–1858), British natural philosopher |
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*[[Lillen Jane Martin]] (1851–1943), American psychologist |
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*[[Sarah Mather (scientist)|Sarah Mather]] (19th century) |
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*[[Annie Scott Dill Maunder|Annie Russell Maunder]] (1868–1947), Irish astronomer |
*[[Annie Scott Dill Maunder|Annie Russell Maunder]] (1868–1947), Irish astronomer |
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*[[Antonia Maury|Antonia Caetana Maury]] (1866–1952), American astronomer. |
*[[Antonia Maury|Antonia Caetana Maury]] (1866–1952), American astronomer. |
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*[[Carlotta Joaquina Maury]] (1874–1938), American paleontologist '''sister of Antonia Maury''' |
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*[[Olive Thorne Miller]] (1831–1918), American natural historian |
*[[Olive Thorne Miller]] (1831–1918), American natural historian |
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*[[Maria Mitchell]] (1818–1889), American astronomer |
*[[Maria Mitchell]] (1818–1889), American astronomer |
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*[[Eleanor Anne Ormerod]] (1828–1901), British biologist |
*[[Eleanor Anne Ormerod]] (1828–1901), British biologist |
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*[[Edith Marion Patch]] (1876–1954), American biologist |
*[[Edith Marion Patch]] (1876–1954), American biologist |
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*[[Florence Peebles]] (1874–1956), American biologist |
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*[[Mary Engle Pennington]] (1872–1952), American chemist |
*[[Mary Engle Pennington]] (1872–1952), American chemist |
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*[[Sophia Pereyaslaw]] (19th century) |
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*[[Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps]] (1793–1884), American science educator |
*[[Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps]] (1793–1884), American science educator |
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*[[Beatrix Potter]] (1866–1943), British mycologist |
*[[Beatrix Potter]] (1866–1943), British mycologist |
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*[[Emily Roebling]] (1844–1903), American civil engineer |
*[[Emily Roebling]] (1844–1903), American civil engineer |
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*[[Clémence Royer]] (1830–1902)[[:fr:Clémence Royer]] |
*[[Clémence Royer]] (1830–1902)[[:fr:Clémence Royer]] |
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*[[Caterina Scarpellini]] (1808- ) |
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*[[Rena Florence Sabin]] (1871–1953), American anatomist and public health official |
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*[[Ethel Sargant]] (1863–1918), British biologist |
*[[Ethel Sargant]] (1863–1918), British biologist |
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*[[Lucy Sistare Say]] (1801–1885), American scientific illustrator |
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*[[Ellen Churchill Semple]] (1863–1932), American geographer |
*[[Ellen Churchill Semple]] (1863–1932), American geographer |
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*[[Annie Lorrain Smith]] (1854–1937), British lichenologist and mycologist |
*[[Annie Lorrain Smith]] (1854–1937), British lichenologist and mycologist |
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*[[Mary Watson Whitney]] (1847–1921), American astronomer |
*[[Mary Watson Whitney]] (1847–1921), American astronomer |
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*[[Karolina Widerström]] (1856–1949), Swedish physician |
*[[Karolina Widerström]] (1856–1949), Swedish physician |
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*[[Fiammetta Wilson]] (1864–1920), British astronomer |
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*[[Anna Winlock]] (1857–1904), American astronomer |
*[[Anna Winlock]] (1857–1904), American astronomer |
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*[[Anne Sewell Young]] (1871–1961), American astronomer |
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* [[Faye Ajzenberg-Selove]] (1926- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Ajzenberg_Selove,Fay@88123456.html], American nuclear physicist, (2007 US National Medal of Science) |
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* [[Claudia Alexander]], American planetary scientist |
* [[Claudia Alexander]], American planetary scientist |
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* E.K. Janaki Ammal (1897-1984) Indian botanist |
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⚫ | |||
* [[Asha Kolte]], Indian Biologist (1941-)[http://www.springerlink.com/content/2wqp86212t613w1h/][http://ashakolte.blogspot.com/] |
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* [[Betsy Ancker-Johnson]] (1929- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Ancker-Johnson,_Betsy@841234567.html], American plasma physicist |
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* [[Caroline Austin]], British molecular biologist [http://www.ncl.ac.uk/biomedicine/research/groups/profile/caroline.austin] |
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* [[Zonia Baber]] (1862-1955), American geographer and geologist |
* [[Zonia Baber]] (1862-1955), American geographer and geologist |
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* [[Milla Baldo-Ceolin]] [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Baldo-Ceolin,_Milla@960123456.html], Italian particle physicist |
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* [[Yvonne Barr]] (1932- ), British virologist (co-discovery of Epstein-Barr virus) |
* [[Yvonne Barr]] (1932- ), British virologist (co-discovery of Epstein-Barr virus) |
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* [[Gillian Bates]], British geneticist (Huntingdon's disease) |
* [[Gillian Bates]], British geneticist (Huntingdon's disease) |
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* [[Marietta Blau]] (1894–1970) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Blau,_Marietta@843727247.html], German experimental particle physicist |
* [[Marietta Blau]] (1894–1970) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Blau,_Marietta@843727247.html], German experimental particle physicist |
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* [[Katharine Blodgett]] (1898–1979) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Blodgett,_Katharine_Burr@844123456.html], American thin-film physicist |
* [[Katharine Blodgett]] (1898–1979) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Blodgett,_Katharine_Burr@844123456.html], American thin-film physicist |
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* [[Christiane Bonnelle]] [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Bonnelle,_Christiane@871234567.html], French spectroscopist |
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* [[Alice Middleton Boring]] (1883–1955), American biologist |
* [[Alice Middleton Boring]] (1883–1955), American biologist |
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* [[Lera Boroditsky]], American psychologist |
* [[Lera Boroditsky]], American psychologist |
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* [[Jenny Rosenthal Bramley]] (1909–1997), Lithuanian-American physicist [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Bramley,_Jenny_Rosenthal@901234567.html], [http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/biography/bramley.html] |
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* [[Harriet Brooks]] (1876–1933) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Brooks,_Harriet@842580299.html], American radiation physicist |
* [[Harriet Brooks]] (1876–1933) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Brooks,_Harriet@842580299.html], American radiation physicist |
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* [[Dorothy Lavinia Brown]] (1919–2004), American surgeon |
* [[Dorothy Lavinia Brown]] (1919–2004), American surgeon |
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* [[Nina Byers]] (1930- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Byers,_Nina@931234567.html], American physicist |
* [[Nina Byers]] (1930- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Byers,_Nina@931234567.html], American physicist |
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* [[Annie Jump Cannon]] (1863–1941), American astronomer |
* [[Annie Jump Cannon]] (1863–1941), American astronomer |
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* [[Estella Eleanor Carothers]] (1883–1957), American biologist |
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* [[Mary L. Cartwright]] (1900–1998) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Cartwright,_Mary_Lucy@951234567.html] |
* [[Mary L. Cartwright]] (1900–1998) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Cartwright,_Mary_Lucy@951234567.html] |
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* [[Yvette Cauchois]] (1908–1999) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Cauchois,_Yvette@871234567.html] |
* [[Yvette Cauchois]] (1908–1999) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Cauchois,_Yvette@871234567.html] |
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* [[Amanda Chessell]] computer scientist |
* [[Amanda Chessell]] computer scientist |
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* [[Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat]] (1923- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Choquet-Bruhat,_Yvonne@922345678.html], French theoretical physicist |
* [[Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat]] (1923- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Choquet-Bruhat,_Yvonne@922345678.html], French theoretical physicist |
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* [[Patricia Cladis]] (1937- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Cladis,_Patricia_Elizabeth@959037368.html] |
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<!--* [[Bessie Coleman]] (1893-1926) --> |
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* [[Janine Connes]] [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Connes,_Janine@841234567.html] |
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* [[Esther Conwell]] (1922- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Conwell,_Esther_Marly@841873837.html] |
* [[Esther Conwell]] (1922- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Conwell,_Esther_Marly@841873837.html] |
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* [[Ursula Cowgill|Ursula M. Cowgill]], American biologist and anthropologist |
* [[Ursula Cowgill|Ursula M. Cowgill]], American biologist and anthropologist |
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* [[Suzanne Cory]] (1942- ), Australian immunologist/cancer researcher |
* [[Suzanne Cory]] (1942- ), Australian immunologist/cancer researcher |
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* [[Heather Couper]] (1949- ), British astronomer (astronomy popularisation, science education) |
* [[Heather Couper]] (1949- ), British astronomer (astronomy popularisation, science education) |
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* |
*[[Gerty Theresa Cori]] (1896–1957), American biochemist (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947) |
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* [[Deborah Crocker]] (1957- ) |
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* [[Maria Skłodowska-Curie]] (1867–1934), Polish-French chemist (pioneer in radiology, discovery of polonium and radium) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Curie,_Marie_Sklodowska@812345678.html] |
* [[Maria Skłodowska-Curie]] (1867–1934), Polish-French chemist (pioneer in radiology, discovery of polonium and radium) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Curie,_Marie_Sklodowska@812345678.html] |
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* [[Janet Darbyshire]], British epidemiologist |
* [[Janet Darbyshire]], British epidemiologist |
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* [[Cecile DeWitt-Morette]] (1922- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/DeWitt-Morette,_Cecile@862345678.html] |
* [[Cecile DeWitt-Morette]] (1922- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/DeWitt-Morette,_Cecile@862345678.html] |
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* [[Louise Dolan]] [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Dolan,_Louise@901234567.html] |
* [[Louise Dolan]] [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Dolan,_Louise@901234567.html] |
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* [[Nancy M. Dowdy]] (1938- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Dowdy,_Nancy_M._O%27Fallon@941234567.html] |
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* [[Mildred Dresselhaus]] (1930- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Dresselhaus,_Mildred_Spiewak@846925666.html] |
* [[Mildred Dresselhaus]] (1930- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Dresselhaus,_Mildred_Spiewak@846925666.html] |
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* [[Helen Flanders Dunbar]] (1902–1959) important early figure in U.S. [[Psychosomatic illness|psychosomatic medicine]].[http://www.psych.yorku.ca/femhop/Helen%20Dunbar.htm] |
* [[Helen Flanders Dunbar]] (1902–1959) important early figure in U.S. [[Psychosomatic illness|psychosomatic medicine]].[http://www.psych.yorku.ca/femhop/Helen%20Dunbar.htm] |
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Line 248: | Line 305: | ||
* [[Tatyana Afanasyeva|Tatjana Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa]] (1876–1964) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Ehrenfest-Afanaseva,_Tatiana@900123456.html] |
* [[Tatyana Afanasyeva|Tatjana Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa]] (1876–1964) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Ehrenfest-Afanaseva,_Tatiana@900123456.html] |
||
* [[Gertrude B. Elion]] (1918–1999), American biochemist (Nobel prize for drug development) |
* [[Gertrude B. Elion]] (1918–1999), American biochemist (Nobel prize for drug development) |
||
* [[Magda Ericson]] (1929- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Ericson,_Magda_Galula@881345678.html] |
|||
* [[Sandra Faber]] (1944- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Faber,_Sandra_Moore@931234567.html] |
* [[Sandra Faber]] (1944- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Faber,_Sandra_Moore@931234567.html] |
||
* [[Claire Fagin]], American health-care researcher |
* [[Claire Fagin]], American health-care researcher |
||
Line 253: | Line 311: | ||
* [[Rosalind Franklin]] (1920–1957), British physical chemist and crystallographer |
* [[Rosalind Franklin]] (1920–1957), British physical chemist and crystallographer |
||
* [[Ursula Franklin]] (1921-), Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author and educator |
* [[Ursula Franklin]] (1921-), Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author and educator |
||
* [[Judy Franz]] (1938- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Franz,_Judy_R.@921234567.html] |
|||
* [[Phyllis S. Freier]] (1921–1992) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Freier,_Phyllis_S.@921234567.html] |
|||
* [[Mary K. Gaillard]] (1939- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Gaillard,_Mary_Katharine@847418063.html] |
* [[Mary K. Gaillard]] (1939- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Gaillard,_Mary_Katharine@847418063.html] |
||
* [[Birutė Galdikas]] (1946- ), German primatologist and conservationist |
* [[Birutė Galdikas]] (1946- ), German primatologist and conservationist |
||
* [[Fanny Gates]] (1872–1931) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Gates,_Fanny_Cook@842511724.html] |
|||
* [[Kate Gleason]] (1865–1933), American engineer |
* [[Kate Gleason]] (1865–1933), American engineer |
||
* [[Ellen Gleditsch]] (1879–1968) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Gleditsch,_Ellen@842345678.html] |
|||
* [[Claire F. Gmachl]], American physicist |
* [[Claire F. Gmachl]], American physicist |
||
* [[Maria Goeppert-Mayer]] (1906–1972), German-American physicist [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Mayer,_Maria_Goeppert@844444444.html] |
* [[Maria Goeppert-Mayer]] (1906–1972), German-American physicist [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Mayer,_Maria_Goeppert@844444444.html] |
||
Line 263: | Line 325: | ||
* [[Evelyn Boyd Granville]] (1924- ) |
* [[Evelyn Boyd Granville]] (1924- ) |
||
* [[Susan Greenfield]] (1951- ), British neurophysiologist (neurophysiology of the brain, popularisation of science) |
* [[Susan Greenfield]] (1951- ), British neurophysiologist (neurophysiology of the brain, popularisation of science) |
||
* [[Gail Hanson]] (1947- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Hanson,_Gail_Gulledge@841234567.html] |
|||
* [[Anna J. Harrison]] (1912–1998), American organic chemist |
* [[Anna J. Harrison]] (1912–1998), American organic chemist |
||
* [[Evans Hayward]] (1922- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Hayward,_Evans@901234567.html] |
|||
* [[Caroline Herzenberg]] (1932- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Herzenberg,_Caroline_Littlejohn@8212345678.html] |
|||
* [[Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin]] (1910–1994), British X-ray crystallographer [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Hodgkin,_Dorothy_Crowfoot@841234567.html] |
* [[Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin]] (1910–1994), British X-ray crystallographer [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Hodgkin,_Dorothy_Crowfoot@841234567.html] |
||
* [[Grace Hopper]] (1906–1992), American computer scientist |
* [[Grace Hopper]] (1906–1992), American computer scientist |
||
* [[Sethanne Howard]] (1944- ) |
|||
* [[Clara Immerwahr]] (1870–1915), German chemist |
* [[Clara Immerwahr]] (1870–1915), German chemist |
||
* [[Shirley Jackson (physicist)]] (1946- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Jackson,_Shirley_Ann@921234567.html] |
* [[Shirley Jackson (physicist)]] (1946- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Jackson,_Shirley_Ann@921234567.html] |
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Line 271: | Line 337: | ||
{{col-break}} |
{{col-break}} |
||
* [[Irène Joliot-Curie]] (1897–1956), French chemist and nuclear physicist [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Joliot-Curie,_Irene@841891460.html] |
* [[Irène Joliot-Curie]] (1897–1956), French chemist and nuclear physicist [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Joliot-Curie,_Irene@841891460.html] |
||
* [[Lorella M. Jones]] (1943-1995), American particle physicist [http://physics.illinois.edu/people/memorials/l-jones.asp] |
|||
* [[Carole Jordan]] (1941- ), British solar physicist |
* [[Carole Jordan]] (1941- ), British solar physicist |
||
* [[Renata Kallosh]] (1943- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Kallosh,_Renata@882345678.html] |
* [[Renata Kallosh]] (1943- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Kallosh,_Renata@882345678.html] |
||
* [[Berta Karlik]] (1904–1990) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Karlik,_Berta@900123456.html] |
* [[Berta Karlik]] (1904–1990) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Karlik,_Berta@900123456.html] |
||
* [[Bruria Kaufman]] (1918–2010 ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Kaufman,_Bruria@862345678.html] |
* [[Bruria Kaufman]] (1918–2010 ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Kaufman,_Bruria@862345678.html] |
||
* [[Marcia Keith]] (1859–1950) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Keith,_Marcia_Anna@941234567.html] |
|||
* [[Ann Kiessling]] (1942- ) |
* [[Ann Kiessling]] (1942- ) |
||
* [[Margaret Kivelson]] (1928- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Kivelson,_Margaret_Galland@881234567.html] |
|||
* [[Dorothea Klumpke]] (1861–1942), American-born astronomer |
|||
* [[Noemie Benczer Koller]] (1933- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Koller,_Noemie_Benczer@934123456.html] |
* [[Noemie Benczer Koller]] (1933- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Koller,_Noemie_Benczer@934123456.html] |
||
* [[Doris Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf]] (1922–2010) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf,_Doris@900123456.html] |
|||
* [[Stephanie Kwolek]] (1923- ), American chemist, inventor of [[Kevlar]] |
* [[Stephanie Kwolek]] (1923- ), American chemist, inventor of [[Kevlar]] |
||
* [[Elizabeth Laird]] (1874–1969) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Laird,_Elizabeth_Rebecca@944123456.html] |
* [[Elizabeth Laird]] (1874–1969) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Laird,_Elizabeth_Rebecca@944123456.html] |
||
* [[Henrietta Leavitt]], (1868–1921), American astronomer (periodicity of variable stars) |
* [[Henrietta Leavitt]], (1868–1921), American astronomer (periodicity of variable stars) |
||
* [[Juliet Lee-Franzini]] (1933- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Lee-Franzini,_Juliet@901234567.html] |
|||
* [[Inge Lehmann]] (1888–1993) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Lehmann,_Inge@81234567.html] |
* [[Inge Lehmann]] (1888–1993) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Lehmann,_Inge@81234567.html] |
||
* [[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] (1909- ), Italian neurologist (Nobel prize for growth factors) |
* [[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] (1909- ), Italian neurologist (Nobel prize for growth factors) |
||
Line 290: | Line 362: | ||
* [[Barbara McClintock]] (1902–1992), American geneticist |
* [[Barbara McClintock]] (1902–1992), American geneticist |
||
* [[Anne McLaren]] (1927–2007), British developmental biologist |
* [[Anne McLaren]] (1927–2007), British developmental biologist |
||
* [[Helen Megaw]] (1907- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Megaw,_Helen@851234567.html] |
|||
* [[Lise Meitner]] (1878–1968), Austrian nuclear physicist (pioneering nuclear physics, discovery of nuclear fission, protactinum, and the Auger effect) |
* [[Lise Meitner]] (1878–1968), Austrian nuclear physicist (pioneering nuclear physics, discovery of nuclear fission, protactinum, and the Auger effect) |
||
* [[Maud Menten]] (1879–1960), Canadian biochemist |
* [[Maud Menten]] (1879–1960), Canadian biochemist |
||
Line 305: | Line 378: | ||
* [[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]] (1942- ), German geneticist and developmental biologist (Nobel prize for ''homeobox'' genes) |
* [[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]] (1942- ), German geneticist and developmental biologist (Nobel prize for ''homeobox'' genes) |
||
* [[Daphne Osborne]] (1930–2006), British plant physiologist (plant hormones) |
* [[Daphne Osborne]] (1930–2006), British plant physiologist (plant hormones) |
||
* [[Donna Osif]] (20th century), meteorologist [http://www.cis.vt.edu/ws/SLprojects/Cathy/slp2.html] |
|||
* [[Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin]] (1900–1978), British-American astronomer |
* [[Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin]] (1900–1978), British-American astronomer |
||
* [[Marguerite Perey]] (1909–1975) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Perey,_Marguerite_Catherine@839289119.html] |
* [[Marguerite Perey]] (1909–1975) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Perey,_Marguerite_Catherine@839289119.html] |
||
* [[Melba Phillips]] (1907–2004) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Phillips,_Melba_Newell@851234567.html] |
* [[Melba Phillips]] (1907–2004) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Phillips,_Melba_Newell@851234567.html] |
||
* [[Agnes Pockels]] (1862–1935) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Pockels,_Agnes@871234567.html] |
* [[Agnes Pockels]] (1862–1935) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Pockels,_Agnes@871234567.html] |
||
* [[P. Ya. Polubarinova-Kochina]] (1899- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Polubarinova-Kochina,_P._Ya.@921234567.html] |
|||
* [[Edith Quimby]] (1891–1982) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Quimby,_Edith_Hinkley@842345678.html] |
|||
* [[Helen Quinn]] (1943- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Quinn,_Helen_R.@861234567.html] |
* [[Helen Quinn]] (1943- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Quinn,_Helen_R.@861234567.html] |
||
* [[Lisa Randall]] (1962- ), American physicist |
* [[Lisa Randall]] (1962- ), American physicist |
||
* [[F. Gwendolen Rees]] (1906–1994), British parasitologist |
* [[F. Gwendolen Rees]] (1906–1994), British parasitologist |
||
* [[Anita Roberts]] (1942–2006), American molecular biologist, "mother of TGF-Beta" |
* [[Anita Roberts]] (1942–2006), American molecular biologist, "mother of TGF-Beta" |
||
* [[Georgia Dwelle Rooks]] (20th century) |
|||
* [[Vera Rubin]] (1928- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Rubin,_Vera_Cooper@931234567.html] |
* [[Vera Rubin]] (1928- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Rubin,_Vera_Cooper@931234567.html] |
||
* [[Myriam Sarachik]] (1933- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Sarachik,_Myriam_P.@812345678.html] |
* [[Myriam Sarachik]] (1933- ) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Sarachik,_Myriam_P.@812345678.html] |
||
* [[Bice Sechi-Zorn]] (1928–1984) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Sechi-Zorn,_Bice@853449324.html] |
|||
* [[Johanna Levelt Sengers]] [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Sengers,_Johanna_Levelt@902123456.html] |
|||
* [[Patsy Sherman]] (20th century) |
* [[Patsy Sherman]] (20th century) |
||
* [[Charlotte Moore Sitterly]] (1898–1990), American astronomer |
* [[Charlotte Moore Sitterly]] (1898–1990), American astronomer |
||
Line 320: | Line 399: | ||
* [[Margaret Stanley (virologist)|Margaret A. Stanley]], British virologist and epithelial biologist |
* [[Margaret Stanley (virologist)|Margaret A. Stanley]], British virologist and epithelial biologist |
||
* [[Phyllis Starkey]] (1947- ) British biochemist and medical researcher |
* [[Phyllis Starkey]] (1947- ) British biochemist and medical researcher |
||
* [[Isabelle Stone]] (1868–1944) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Stone,_Isabelle@941234567.html], American thin-film physicist and educator |
|||
* [[Ida Noddack|Ida Noddack Tacke]] (1896–1978), German chemist and physicist |
* [[Ida Noddack|Ida Noddack Tacke]] (1896–1978), German chemist and physicist |
||
* [[Maria Telkes]] (1900–1995), Hungarian-American biophysicist |
* [[Maria Telkes]] (1900–1995), Hungarian-American biophysicist |
||
* [[Jean Thomas (academic)|Jean Thomas]], British biochemist (chromatin) |
* [[Jean Thomas (academic)|Jean Thomas]], British biochemist (chromatin) |
||
* [[Karen Vousden]], British cancer researcher |
* [[Karen Vousden]], British cancer researcher |
||
* [[Katharine Way]] (1903–1995) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Way,_Katharine@862427327.html] |
|||
* [[Mary Olliden Weaver]] (20th century), inventor |
|||
* [[Elsie Widdowson]] (1908–2000) [http://royalsociety.org/Most-influential-British-women-in-the-history-of-science/], British nutritionist |
* [[Elsie Widdowson]] (1908–2000) [http://royalsociety.org/Most-influential-British-women-in-the-history-of-science/], British nutritionist |
||
* [[Margo Wilson]] (1945- ), Canadian evolutionary psychologist |
* [[Margo Wilson]] (1945- ), Canadian evolutionary psychologist |
||
Line 330: | Line 412: | ||
* [[Dorothy Wrinch]] (1894–1976), British mathematician and theoretical biochemist |
* [[Dorothy Wrinch]] (1894–1976), British mathematician and theoretical biochemist |
||
* [[Chien-Shiung Wu]] (1912–1997), Chinese-American physicist (nuclear physics, (non) conservation of parity) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Wu,_Chien_Shiung@841234567.html] |
* [[Chien-Shiung Wu]] (1912–1997), Chinese-American physicist (nuclear physics, (non) conservation of parity) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Wu,_Chien_Shiung@841234567.html] |
||
* [[Sau Lan Wu]] [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Wu,_Sau_Lan@892345678.html], Chinese-American particle physicist |
|||
* [[Xide Xie]] ([[Hsi-teh Hsieh]]) (1921–2000) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Xie,_Xide_%28Hsieh,_Hsi-teh%29@931234567.html] |
* [[Xide Xie]] ([[Hsi-teh Hsieh]]) (1921–2000) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Xie,_Xide_%28Hsieh,_Hsi-teh%29@931234567.html] |
||
* [[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow]] (1921- ), American medical physicist (Nobel prize for radioimmunoassay) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Yalow,_Rosalyn_Sussman@861234567.html] |
* [[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow]] (1921- ), American medical physicist (Nobel prize for radioimmunoassay) [http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Yalow,_Rosalyn_Sussman@861234567.html] |
Revision as of 07:19, 19 June 2011
Please note: this is a historical list, intended to deal with the time period when women working in science were rare. For this reason, this list ends with the 20th century.
Antiquity
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Middle Ages
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15th to 17th centuries
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18th century
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19th century
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20th century
|
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See also
Notes
References
- Herzenberg, Caroline L. 1986. Women Scientists from Antiquity to the Present: An Index. Locust Hill Press. ISBN 0-933951-01-9
- Howard S. The Hidden Giants, ch. 2, (Lulu.com; 2006) (accessed 22 August 2007)
- Howes, Ruth H. and Caroline L. Herzenberg. 1999. Their Day in the Sun: Women of the Manhattan Project. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-719-7
- Ogilvie, M. B. 1986. Women in Science. The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-15031-X
- Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics website at UCLA
- Walsh JJ. 'Medieval Women Physicians' in Old Time Makers of Medicine: The Story of the Students and Teachers of the Sciences Related to Medicine During the Middle Ages, ch. 8, (Fordham University Press; 1911) (accessed 22 August 2007)