O-Xylene: Difference between revisions
→Production and use: clarify |
→Production and use: tox |
||
Line 88: | Line 88: | ||
''o''-Xylene is largely used in the production of [[phthalic anhydride]], which is a precursor to many materials, drugs, and other chemicals.<ref name="Ullmann"/> |
''o''-Xylene is largely used in the production of [[phthalic anhydride]], which is a precursor to many materials, drugs, and other chemicals.<ref name="Ullmann"/> |
||
==Toxicity and exposure== |
|||
Xylenes are not acutely toxic, for example the [[LD50]] (rat, oral) is 4300 mg/kg. Effects vary with animal and xylene isomer. Concerns with xylenes focus on narcotic efffects.<ref name="Ullmann"/> |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 03:44, 6 August 2017
| |||
Names | |||
---|---|---|---|
Preferred IUPAC name
1,2-Xylene | |||
Systematic IUPAC name
1,2-Dimethylbenzene | |||
Other names
o-Xylene
| |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
|||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
DrugBank | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.203 | ||
KEGG | |||
RTECS number |
| ||
UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|||
| |||
| |||
Properties | |||
C8H10 | |||
Molar mass | 106.168 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colorless liquid | ||
Density | 0.88 g/ml | ||
Melting point | −24 °C (−11 °F; 249 K) | ||
Boiling point | 144.4 °C (291.9 °F; 417.5 K) | ||
0.02% (20°C)[1] | |||
Solubility in ethanol | very soluble | ||
Solubility in diethyl ether | very soluble | ||
Vapor pressure | 7 mmHg (20°C)[1] | ||
-77.78·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.50545 | ||
Viscosity | 1.1049 cP at 0 °C 0.8102 cP at 20 °C | ||
Structure | |||
0.64 D [2] | |||
Hazards | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | 32 °C (90 °F; 305 K) | ||
463 °C (865 °F; 736 K)[3] | |||
Explosive limits | 0.9%-6.7%[1] | ||
Threshold limit value (TLV)
|
100 ppm[3] (TWA), 150 ppm[3] (STEL) | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LCLo (lowest published)
|
6125 ppm (rat, 12 hr) 6125 ppm (human, 12 hr)[4] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3)[1] | ||
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) ST 150 ppm (655 mg/m3)[1] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
900 ppm[1] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related aromatic hydrocarbons
|
m-xylene p-xylene toluene | ||
Supplementary data page | |||
O-Xylene (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
o-Xylene (ortho-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H4(CH3)2. with two methyl substituents bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring (the ortho configuration). It is a constitutional isomer of m-xylene and p-xylene, the mixture being called xylene or xylenes. o-Xylene is a colorless slightly oily flammable liquid.[5]
Production and use
Petroleum contains about one weight percent xylenes. Most o-xylene is produced by cracking petroleum, which produce a distribution of aromatic compounds, including xylene isomers. m-Xylene is isomerized to o-xylene. Net production was approximately 500,000 tons in the year 2000.
o-Xylene is largely used in the production of phthalic anhydride, which is a precursor to many materials, drugs, and other chemicals.[5]
Toxicity and exposure
Xylenes are not acutely toxic, for example the LD50 (rat, oral) is 4300 mg/kg. Effects vary with animal and xylene isomer. Concerns with xylenes focus on narcotic efffects.[5]
References
- ^ a b c d e f NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0668". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ Rudolph, H.D.; Walzer, K.; Krutzik, Irmhild (1973). "Microwave spectrum, barrier for methyl rotation, methyl conformation, and dipole moment of ortho-xylene". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 47 (2): 314. doi:10.1016/0022-2852(73)90016-7.
- ^ a b c "o-Xylene". International Chemical Safety Cards. ICSC/NIOSH. July 1, 2014.
- ^ "Xylene (o-, m-, p-isomers)". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b c Fabri, Jörg; Graeser, Ulrich, and Simo, Thomas A., Xylenes, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2000, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Accessed 2015-2-8 doi:10.1002/14356007.a28_433.