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Center for Countering Digital Hate

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"CCDH" redirects here. For the Moroccan human rights organization, see National Human Rights Council (Morocco).
Center for Countering Digital Hate
AbbreviationCCDH
Formation2017-2018[1][2]
FounderImran Ahmed[1]
Purpose"To disrupt the architecture of online hate and misinformation"[3]
Directors
Tom Brookes
Simon Clark (Chair)
Damian Collins MP
Kirsty McNeill
Siobhan McAndrew
Lord Jonathan Oates
Ayesha Saran[4]
Websitewww.counterhate.co.uk

The Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) is a nonprofit limited company, limited by guarantee, with offices in London and Washington DC.[3] Its founder and CEO is Imran Ahmed.[1] The organization dates its foundation to December 2017,[1] although the company, Center for Countering Digital Hate Ltd, was not incorporated until October 2018.[2]

The organisation's stated aims are "strengthening communities and democracy by disrupting identity-based hate and dangerous misinformation in digital spaces." It advocates that American "big tech" firms such as YouTube, Facebook, Amazon, Twitter, Instagram and Apple stop providing services to individuals who they claim preach hate and misinformation, in order to disrupt those individuals' and their organisations' communications, recruitment and fundraising. The CCDH has run a number of successful high-profile campaigns to disrupt the activities of antisemites, neo-Nazis, anti-vaccine advocates and climate change deniers, gaining several celebrity endorsements for their campaigns.

The organisation is a member of the Stop Hate For Profit coalition[5] and the Change the Terms coalition.[6] From 4 May 2020, the Stop Funding Fake News campaign became a project of the CCDH.[7]

Deplatforming campaigns

The CCDH has targeted antisemites,[8] neo-Nazis,[9] anti-vaccine advocates[10] and climate change deniers,[11] gaining endorsement for their campaigns from numerous international celebrities, including Sacha Baron Cohen,[12] Selena Gomez,[13] Josh Gad,[14] Amy Schumer,[15] Mark Ruffalo,[16] Sarah Silverman,[17] Kerry Washington,[18] Chris Evans[15] and Ed Helms.[18]

It has been cited by US Senators[19][20] and members of the US Congress[21] as well as Members of the UK Parliament.[22]

Campaign against Galloway and Hopkins

Further information: Twitter suspensions
photograph
Rachel Riley and the CCDH lobbied "big tech" companies to deplatform George Galloway and Katie Hopkins.

The CCDH's first significant campaign began in January 2020; the targets for this campaign were Katie Hopkins, a right-wing commentator, and George Galloway, a veteran left-wing politician and broadcaster who was sacked from his job at Talkradio for posting an allegedly antisemitic tweet.[23] TV presenter Rachel Riley was one of the public faces of the campaign, directly lobbying "big tech" companies alongside the CCDH to have these individuals removed from major social media platforms. Similar methods had already taken place in regards to American figures, such as conspiracy theorist Alex Jones in 2018, who was completely removed from all "big tech" platforms. According to media reports Riley and CCDH CEO Imran Ahmed had a "secret meeting" with Twitter's Soho, London based office, demanding the removal of Hopkins and Galloway from their platform.[24]

At the meeting with Twitter representatives on 29 January 2020, Ahmed and Riley stated that their demand was to exclude "hate actors from public discourse". They presented a number of posts by Hopkins and Galloway which they claimed were in breach of Twitter's community guidelines, demanding that they stop their "ability to use the platform to spread hate" and deplatform them from Twitter to eliminate "hate actors from public discourse".[25][26][27] Ultimately, the CCDH's attempt to remove Galloway from Twitter failed, but Hopkins had her account suspended for a week in February 2020,[28] and eventually removed permanently in July 2020.[29]

Campaign against David Icke

photograph
The British conspiracy theorist David Icke, who the CCDH sought to deplatform in 2020.

In April 2020 the CCDH launched a campaign against the British conspiracy theorist David Icke, who gained media attention during the COVID-19-associated lockdown in the United Kingdom.[30] Icke posted a number of controversial videos to his YouTube account, which included an interview with Brian Rose of London Real where Icke posited a conspiracy theory which attempted to link the erection of 5G masts to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the British lockdown, the CCDH worked to counter COVID-19 misinformation. The CCDH released a 25-page pamphlet attacking Icke entitled "#DeplatformIcke"[31] and campaigned to persuade social media platforms to remove his accounts, using the hashtag "#DeplatformIcke". The CCDH demanded the total removal of Icke's online presence from "big tech" platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, Amazon, Twitter, Instagram and Apple, portraying him as a "hate actor" on their website.

The #DeplatformIcke pamphlet sent out by CCDH to "big tech" giants was signed by 800 individuals, according to the CCDH, and groups.[32] In particular the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Antisemitism (Andrew Percy and Catherine McKinnell both signed), as did Damian Collins, Conservative MP who was the former chair of the Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee. Antisemitism monitoring organisation, the Community Security Trust (CST), also supported the letter, with CST's Dave Rich calling for Icke's "hateful and dangerous conspiracy theories to be removed from mainstream social media platforms."[30]

Icke, a prolific content creator, had a public audience of more than 1 million followers on YouTube, as well as on Facebook and Twitter. Two of the websites, YouTube and Facebook, deleted his accounts from their website: Facebook deleted his account on 1 May 2020, stating as the reason "health misinformation that could cause physical harm",[33] YouTube followed on 2 May 2020 stating: "YouTube has clear policies prohibiting any content that disputes the existence and transmission of Covid-19 as described by the WHO and the NHS."[34] While both of Icke's personal accounts were deleted from the two websites, both allowed other uploaders to host Icke-related content unrelated to COVID-19. Ahmed and the CCDH praised the response to their call, but continued to demand that complete internet-wide deplatforming be enacted against Icke and a shadow ban of all his content be enforced.[35][36]

In November 2020, Twitter removed David Icke's account for violating the site's rules against spreading misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic. This was welcomed by the CCDH.[37]

#No2Misinfo Campaign

The CCDH’s #No2Misinfo campaign launched in late October 2020 in order to draw attention to electoral misinformation networks being funded by Google’s Ads service. The report uncovered that Google Ads were used to monetize websites intended to spread misinformation about the 2020 US Presidential Election.[38] The Global Disinformation Index identified 145 such sites and the New York Times has reported on the nature of the misinformation they produce.[39][40]

CCDH examined six of these websites, responsible for spreading election falsehoods, which received over 40 million visits prior to the election. This traffic generated an estimated $5 million from Google Ads revenue which violated Google’s own policy not to monetize content which: “...makes claims that are demonstrably false and could significantly undermine participation or trust in an electoral or democratic process.”[41][42]

The CCDH called on Google to stop placing adverts on electoral misinformation websites releasing an open letter to Chief Executive Officer of Google, Sundar Pichai, for supporters to sign.[43][44] The campaign drew support from public figures and celebrities such as Selena Gomez, Rachel Riley, Amy Schumer, Chris Evans and Kerry Washington.[45]

Other actions

The CCDH notified Google that the Zero Hedge website had published what it called "racist articles" about the Black Lives Matter protests. As a result, in June 2020, Google found that reader comments on Zero Hedge breached its policies and banned Zero Hedge from its advertising platform.[46]

Directors and associates

Imran Ahmed, CEO of the Center for Countering Digital Hate

Imran Ahmed

The organisation was founded by its current CEO, Imran Ahmed, who is also a trustee of Victim Support[47] and sits on the steering committee for the Commission for Countering Extremism's Pilot Task Force.[48] He is a vocal critic of social media companies such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram who he accuses of using algorithms to promote dangerous extremist content to millions of users.[49] Before founding the CCDH in 2018, Imran served as a Political Advisor to Shadow Foreign Secretary, Rt Hon Hilary Benn MP in the UK Parliament and as Political Advisor to Rt Hon Alan Johnson MP, leader of the Labour Remain campaign, in the 2016 Brexit referendum.[50][51] Ahmed previously co-authored the book The New Serfdom: The Triumph of Conservative Ideas and How to Defeat Them with Labour MP Angela Eagle.[52] Imran was raised in Manchester, England and holds an MA in Social and Political Sciences from the University of Cambridge.[53]

Board of Directors

Morgan James McSweeney, currently chief of staff to the Leader of the Labour Party, Keir Starmer,[54][better source needed] was the first Director listed on Companies House, appointed in October 2018.[55] McSweeney resigned in April 2020. McSweeney was joined in September 2019, upon the public launch of the center, by three other directors: David Craig Roberts, Dr. Siobhan Marie McAndrew,[55] a sociology lecturer at the University of Bristol[56] and Kirsty Jean McNeill,[55] an Executive Director at Save the Children and Board member of the Holocaust Educational Trust and the Coalition for Global Prosperity.[57] More recent directors include Simon Clark (Chair), Tom Brookes, Executive Director, Strategic Communications at the European Climate Foundation,[58] Damian Collins MP, a Conservative Member of Parliament and former Chair of the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee, Lord Jonathan Oates, a Liberal Democrat Member of the House of Lords and former chief of staff to Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, and Ayesha Saran[55]

Publications

"Don't Feed the Trolls"

The CCDH first garnered media attention by publishing a 12-page pamphlet "Don't Feed the Trolls: How to Deal with Hate on Social Media" in 2019, with an introduction by the CCDH's CEO Imran Ahmed and chair of Advisory Board, Canadian psychologist Linda Papadopoulos.[59][60] The Center acknowledged the assistance of the following individuals as having "provided valuable insight or feedback in the writing of this report";[59] Morgan McSweeney, Siobhan McAndrew, Rachel Riley, Dave Rich (of the Community Security Trust), Dr. Daniel Allington (of King's College London),[61] Simon Clark (of the Center for American Progress),[62] Euan Neill (of the Commission for Countering Extremism), Randeep Ramesh (of The Guardian),[63] Hannah O'Rourke, Will Somerville (of Unbound Philanthropy), Dr. Kate Ferguson (of Protection Approaches, an NGO which focuses on "identity-based violence and mass atrocity crimes"),[64] Dr. Robert Ford (of the University of Manchester)[65] and Jonathan Sebire (of Signify).[66]

The central thesis of the "Don't Feed the Trolls" pamphlet is that what the CCDH describes as internet trolls operate through manipulating social media algorithms and if a tweet or Facebook post receives engagement (whether positive or negative) then it is seen by a wider audience, particularly if the feedback is from a high-profile account. The pamphlet advises those who are on the receiving end of the messages not to respond, block the user, do not highlight being targeted and take time off social media.[67] The pamphlet cited as ideological inspiration the works of several American-based sociologists, psychologists and political thinkers, including Cass Sunstein's Going to Extremes: How Like Minds Unite and Divide (2009) and On Rumors: How Falsehoods Spread, Why We Believe Them, What Can Be Done (2011), Jonathan Haidt's The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion (2012), George Lakoff's Don't Think of an Elephant! Know Your Values and Frame the Debate: The Essential Guide for Progressives (2004) and Nancy L. Rosenblum's A Lot of People Are Saying: The New Conspiricism and the Assault on Democracy (2019).[67][59]

The "Don't Feed the Trolls" campaign has attracted a number of high-profile supporters such as Sadiq Khan (the Mayor of London),[68] Rachel Riley,[68] Gary Lineker[68] and Eddie Izzard.[69]

Anti-vaxx Industry

Anti-vaxx Industry explores the relationship between social media companies and online anti-vaxx networks. The report, published July 7th 2020, alleges that companies such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram are responsible for the rapid growth of an “anti-vaxx industry” which has amassed an estimated 58 million followers online.[70] It further claims that social media platforms chose not to alienate the anti-vaxx user base because it generated an estimated $1 billion in annual advertising revenue. The report concludes that the monetization of online vaccine misinformation and its proliferation into the mainstream, poses a significant threat to the effectiveness of Coronavirus vaccines.[71]

Will to Act

Will to Act explores whether social media giants actually enforce their policies and commitments to moderate and remove harmful COVID-19 misinformation on their respective platforms. The report argues that the largest social media companies, more often than not, fail to enforce their own rules for anti-vaccine and Covid conspiracy posts.[72][73]

Will to Act was published by the Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) and Restless Development and used data collected by Youth Against Misinformation, a group of young activists coordinated and trained by Restless Development and the CCDH.[74] Volunteers flagged posts containing misinformation that breached social media community standards and found that over 9 in 10 of the posts reported had no action taken against them.[75] Imran Ahmed, CEO of the CCDH, said "Social media giants have claimed many times that they are taking Covid-related misinformation seriously, but this new research shows that even when they are handed the posts promoting misinformation, they fail to take action.”[76]

Failure to Act

Failure to Act was released by CCDH and Restless Development to once again track action taken by social media companies in response to harmful anti-vaxx content. The report found that platforms did not act on three-quarters of identified COVID-19 misinformation.[77] Volunteers from Youth Against Misinformation flagged 912 posts on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook and found that 95% of posts containing misinformation were not acted on by social media companies.[78] Removal rates were notably poorer on Instagram than they were on Facebook, despite both companies sharing the same set of community standards and similar policies on Covid misinformation.[79]

The report advocates for greater accountability for tech companies who fail to act on misinformation that violates their own community standards.[80]

Anti-vaxx Playbook

In late October 2020 leading anti-vaxxers from across the globe held a private three-day conference to coordinate a strategy to undermine confidence in the Covid-19 vaccine. CCDH researchers infiltrated the conference and reported their findings. The Anti-Vaxx Playbook, published on December 22nd 2020, claims to provide insight into anti-vaxx tactics, messages and use of social media. It also offers suggestions for health experts, the public, tech giants and legislators on how to counter “anti-vaxxers' deadly plan to disrupt Covid vaccines.”[81]

The report identifies three recurring narratives anti-vaxxers use to disrupt efforts to combat the Covid-19 pandemic: covid is not dangerous, vaccines cannot be trusted, and medical experts and global health officials are not to be trusted.[82]

Malgorithm

“Malgorithm'' is a critical analysis of Instagram and Facebook’s user engagement and content recommendation algorithm.[83] The study was launched by the CCDH in collaboration with Restless Development and the Youth Against Misinformation initiative.[84] The report, released in early March 2021, claims that Instagram’s ‘Explore’ and ‘Suggested Posts’ feature, designed to maximise user engagement, is responsible for recommending millions of users dangerous conspiracies and misinformation.[85][86][87] The report found that users who engage with anti-vaxx misinformation on Instagram are routinely suggested antisemitic content and election conspiracy theories.[88][89] Similarly, the report found that users who engage with QAnon or far-right content are regularly fed Covid-19 and vaccine misinformation.[85]

The report calls for Instagram to dramatically alter its algorithm to stop promoting extremist content, Facebook to follow through on a promise to deplatform anti-vaxxers, and antitrust litigators to explore how machine learning algorithms damage consumer interests.[85] On March 25, 2021 US Representative Anna Eshoo questioned Mark Zuckerberg on the findings of Malgorithm before the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce demanding that Zuckerberg’s platforms stop promoting disinformation.[90][91]

The Disinformation Dozen

The Disinformation Dozen is a report which was published on March 24th 2021, by CCDH in coordination with Anti-Vax Watch. It identifies the top 12 spreaders of anti-vaccine disinformation on social media platforms. The report cites these 12 individuals, dubbed the “disinformation dozen”, as responsible for 65% of all anti-vaxx content across Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.[92] The report was used by CCDH in order to pressure social media companies to deplatform these repeat offenders of community standards online.[93]

The report gained significant media attention with public figures such as Chelsea Clinton sharing the research.[94][95] Along with its launch, twelve state Attorneys General sent a letter to Facebook and Twitter citing the report's findings.[96] The Disinformation Dozen report was also cited by US Representatives Mike Doyle, Anna Eshoo and Jerry McNerney in the March 25, 2021 United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce hearing on online disinformation where they demanded that tech CEO’s act on disinformation on their platforms.[97][98] United States Senators Amy Klobuchar and Ben Ray Luján also used the CCDH report to call on Twitter and Facebook CEOs to take action to prevent the spread of vaccine disinformation online.[99]

Disinformation Dozen: The Sequel

Disinformation Dozen: the Sequel reports on the failures of social media giants to remove anti-vaxx content a month after pledging to do so before the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce. 18 of the social media accounts operated by the Disinformation Dozen were removed since the first report. However, the new report claims that false and misleading vaccine content was viewed up to 29 million times in the following month because leading anti-vaxxers used their remaining accounts to continue “super spreading'' vaccine disinformation on social media.[100][101]CCDH once again called for social media platforms to deplatform the Disinformation Dozen.[102]

The report was published on April 28th 2021 and includes a foreword from Jennifer Nuzzo, DrPH, SM Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Céline Gounder, MD, ScM, FIDSA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, New York University School of Medicine and Bellevue Hospital, Atul Nakhasi, MD, Primary Care Physician and Co-Founder of #ThisIsOurShot, Sunny Jha, MD, Anesthesiologist, Pain Physician, Patient and Physician Advocate and Co-Founder of #ThisIsOurShot.[103]


criticism

The Center of Countering Digital Hate gets accused by many people of censorship due to their attempt to deplatform people and therefore effectively driving them out of a large parts of the public discourse and of harming the reputation of the people and organizations targeted by the CCDH's campaigns[104]. Some people also defend the targeted people by stating their own positive experiences with them[105]. The criticism happens mainly on the organization's own twitter website[106] and on the private websites of the people who try to defend their reputation[107].

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b "Center For Countering Digital Hate Ltd". Companies House. 10 May 2020. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020.
  3. ^ a b "About Us". The Center for Countering Digital Hate. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  4. ^ "CENTER FOR COUNTERING DIGITAL HATE LTD". Officers (free information from Companies House). 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  5. ^ Frazer, Jenni. "'The reason social media companies tolerate hate? Profit'". jewishnews.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  6. ^ Ahmed, Imran [@Imi_Ahmed] (December 8, 2020). "Delighted that @CCDHate was invited to join the @changeterms Coalition and has accepted. It is an important voice in the debate to #ChangeTheTerms on digital spaces and how they are socialised and governed" (Tweet). Retrieved 4 January 2021 – via Twitter.
  7. ^ "Stop Funding Fake News". Stop Funding Fake News. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  8. ^ Center for Countering Digital Hate [@CCDHate] (November 3, 2020). "David Icke has finally been removed from Twitter, following Facebook and YouTube earlier this year. Twitter had allowed him to continue spreading antisemitic hatred and dangerous Covid misinformation for months. https://t.co/TQ5tWr5LFG" (Tweet). Retrieved 4 January 2021 – via Twitter.
  9. ^ "Facebook Still Ignoring Warnings of Neo-Nazi Fundraising Network on Its Platforms, New Report Claims". Algemeiner.com. 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2021-01-05.
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  11. ^ Stop Funding Fake News [@SFFakeNews] (December 9, 2020). "NEW: These brands all claim to claim to care about #ClimateChange But their adverts are funding websites that deny climate change. We're calling on them to remove their ads and #DefundClimateDenial Join us. THREAD ⬇️ https://t.co/AJU3f9x5KH" (Tweet). Retrieved 4 January 2021 – via Twitter.
  12. ^ Center for Countering Digital Hate [@CCDHate] (November 22, 2020). "NEW: Facebook and Instagram are hosting accounts that sell neo-Nazi merchandise to fund far-right extremism. Facebook was told two years ago and failed to act. Our breaking research in @ObserverUK. https://t.co/PJ3toGnKEp" (Tweet). Retrieved 4 January 2021 – via Twitter.
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  16. ^ Ruffalo, Mark [@MarkRuffalo] (November 5, 2020). "It should be obvious to the folks who work @facebook that these memes and messages shared in this group are further inciting hate and violence. This group needs to be taken down before more harm will be done. https://t.co/VDZEIf4Ixp" (Tweet). Retrieved 4 January 2021 – via Twitter.
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  19. ^ Center for Countering Digital Hate [@CCDHate] (November 17, 2020). "WATCH: Senator @CoryBooker asks Mark Zuckerberg why it took action by the Center for Countering Digital Hate to get the Stop the Steal group, containing misinformation and calls for violence, taken down. https://t.co/QrkKEb9e8U https://t.co/mg4rPVDRoq" (Tweet). Retrieved 4 January 2021 – via Twitter.
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  58. ^ "Tom Brookes". European Climate Foundation. 9 Dec 2020.
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Further reading

External links

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