Chidi (god)
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Chidi | |
---|---|
Science and technology | |
Member of Wufang Shangdi | |
Major cult centre | Mount Heng |
Predecessor | Cangdi (Wuxing cycle) |
Successor | Huangdi (Wuxing cycle and in office as the Yellow Emperor) |
Planet | Mars |
Chìdì (
In response to Wuxing thought and Tu Shi, the founder of the Han dynasty, Liu Bang, is said to be the son of the Red Emperor; in the Han dynasty God of the Five Directions, the Red Emperor represents the Southern God. Among the Taoist deities, there are also deities that use the title of Red Emperor, such as Hung Shing.[citation needed]
The title has been used to refer to Yan Emperor,[3] Shennong[1][1][1], Emperor Yao[4] and Zhurong.[3]
He is also associated with Chīyóu (蚩尤), the god of some southern peoples, in both iconography and myth, as both Shennong Yandi and Chiyou fought against the Yellow Emperor, although Chiyou is traditionally considered more violent and has the horns of a fighting bull, while Shennong Yandi is more peaceful and has the horns of a plowing buffalo.[1]
He is the manifestation of the supreme God associated with the essence of fire; his animal form is the Red Dragon (
Yandi
[edit]The Yi Zhou Shu states that Chiyou was once a vassal of the Red Emperor and was appointed to rule the land of Shaohao. As Chiyou became more powerful, he fought with the Red Emperor in Zhuolu. The Red Emperor was defeated and turned to the Huang Di for help. The Yellow Emperor defeated Chi You and restored peace to the world.[7]。
According to Wang Fu's "The Theory of Subtlety", the Flame Emperor's Shennong clan , son of the divine dragon, called himself Yan Di, inherited the title of Shennong and replaced Fuxi as the common lord of the world.[8]。
Shennong
[edit]Shennong often identified with the Red Emperor[1][1][1]
Yao and Liu Bang
[edit]The saying that Yao was the Red Emperor originated in the Han dynasty. The Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), citing the Shippen and the Da Dai Li (Records of the Grand Ritual), states that Yao was one of the Five Emperors. In line with the Five Virtues of the Beginning, Yao is considered to be the Red Emperor. Legend has it that Liu Bang was the son of the Red Emperor after Yao.[4]。
Zhurong
[edit]Zhurong is often identified with the Red Emperor[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Bonnefoy (1993), p. 246.
- ^ "2. The Author as Cultural Hero: The Yellow Emperor, the Symbolic Author", Authorship and Text-making in Early China, De Gruyter, p. 55, 2018-09-24, doi:10.1515/9781501505133-004, ISBN 9781501505133, S2CID 240197783, retrieved 2023-03-15
- ^ a b c Theobald, Ulrich. "Zhu Rong
祝融 (www.chinaknowledge.de)". www.chinaknowledge.de. Retrieved 2023-03-13. - ^ a b
班 固 《漢書 》卷 1〈高祖 紀 〉:「高祖 被 酒 ……乃拔劍 斬 蛇 ……嫗 曰:『吾子 ,白 帝 子 也,化 為 蛇 ,當 道 ,今 者 赤 帝 子 斬 之 ,故 哭』」註疏 :「應 劭曰:『秦 襄 公 以居西 ,主 少 昊 之 神 ,作 西 畤,祠 白 帝 。……少 昊 ,金 德也 。赤 帝 ,堯後謂 漢 也。殺 之 者 ,明 漢 當 滅 秦 也。』」 - ^ Fowler (2005), pp. 200–201.
- ^ Sun & Kistemaker (1997), p. 121.
- ^ 《
逸 周 書 》〈嘗麥解 〉:「昔 天 之 初 ,誕作二 後 ,乃設建 典 ,命 赤 帝 分 正 二 卿 ,命 蚩尤於宇少 昊 。以臨四方 ,司 上天 末成 之 慶 。蚩尤乃逐帝 ,爭 於涿鹿 之 河 (或 作 阿 ),九 隅 無 遺 。赤 帝 大 懾,乃說於黃帝 ,執 蚩尤,殺 之 于中冀,以甲兵 釋 怒 。用 大正 順 天 思 序 ,紀 於大 帝 。用 名 之 曰絕轡 之 野 。乃命少 昊 清 司馬 鳥 師 ,以正五 帝 之 官 ,故 命 曰質。天 用 大成 ,至 於今不亂 。」 - ^ 《
潛 夫 論 》〈五德 志 〉:「有 神 龍 首 出 ,常 感 妊 姒,生 赤 帝 魁 隗,身 號 炎 帝 ,世 號 神 農 。代 伏 羲氏。」
Bibliography
[edit]- Sun, Xiaochun; Kistemaker, Jacob (1997). The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society. Brill. ISBN 9004107371.
- Fowler, Jeanine D. (2005). An Introduction to the Philosophy and Religion of Taoism: Pathways to Immortality. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 1845190866.[permanent dead link]
- Bonnefoy, Yves (1993). Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226064565.