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Coatbridge

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Coatbridge
Coatbridge Coat of Arms
Area6.818 sq mi (17.66 km2)
PopulationExpression error: "41,170 (2001 Census)" must be numeric
OS grid referenceNS730651
• Edinburgh33 mi (53 km) ENE
• London341 mi (549 km) SSE
Council area
Lieutenancy area
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMOTHERWELL
Postcode districtML5
Dialling code01236
PoliceScotland
FireScottish
AmbulanceScottish
UK Parliament
Scottish Parliament
List of places
UK
Scotland

Coatbridge (pronounced /ˈkōt-(ˌ)brij/) is a Lanarkshire town set in the central Lowlands of Scotland. The first settlement of Coatbridge stretches back to the stone age era. The towns foundations dates to the 12th century when the arae was donated to the Monks of Newbattle Abbey. During the last years of the 18th century the area began to develop. Coatbridge's explosion in growth from this time onwards has been closely linked with the industrial revolution. Coatbridge was a major Scottish centre for iron works from the 1830's-1920's and had an enormous influx of immigrants in the 19th century. However the heavy industries linked to coal and iron have long vanished from the town with the last iron work in the town closing in the 1960's. Coatbridge today is known as a working class town anchored to neighbouring Glasgow. The town has also been described as “uniquely populated largely by people of Irish descent”. [1]


History

Settlement of Coatbridge dates back to the stone age with stone age flint tools having been found at the present day site of Drumpellier Country Park. Some Roman coins have bene unearthed in Coatbridge [2] and there is thought to be the remains of a Roman road on the fringes of the town at the M8 motorway. [3] The “Monklands” area is so called becuase it was granted to the monks of Newbattle Abbey in 1162. In 1641 the parish of Monklands was divided between New Monkland (present day Airdrie) and Old Monkland (present day Coatbridge.[4] In 1745 Bonnie Prince Charlie’s Jacobite army seized Coatbridge on their march to Einburgh in an action described as the "Canter of Coatbridge"[5]. Coatbridge was described in the 1799 Statistical Account as an "immense garden" and "orchard"[6].

Coatbridge pictured in 1858

The Monkland Canal was originally constructed at the end of the 18th century to transport coal from deposits in Coatbridge to Glasgow. However the invention of the hot blast furnace in 1828 meant that the local rich ironstone deposits could be fully exploited by the canal link. [7] By the mid 19th century there were numerous hot blast furnaces in operation in Coatbridge.

The industry which had sprung up to exploit the local ironstone deposits led to Coatbridge’s population explosion as workers were needed to extract ironstone and work in the furnaces. The iron bars and plates produced were the raw materials needed in railways bridge building and shipbuilding. The character of the area began to transform a rural landscape of small hamlets and farmhouses into a crowded industrial town. Over the course of the following forty years the population of Coatbridge grew by 600%.[8] Cheap unskilled labour was in large demand and Coatbridge became a popular destination for vast numbers of Irish arriving in Scotland. In this period fortunes could be quickly made “with a rapidity only equalled by the princely gains of some of the adventurers who accompanied Pizarro to Peru.” noted one observer. [9] Amongst the most notable success stories at this time were the six sons of Coatbridge farmer Alexander Baird. The Baird family owned a number of the foundries that sprung up and gave the town its then nickname of 'the Iron Burgh'. [10] Each of the sons was reputed to have become a millionaire.[11]James Baird was responsible for erecting sixteen blast-furnaces in Coatbridge between 1830 and 1842.[12] Noted Scottish industrialist William Dixon owned the Coatbridge Calder ironworks.

The town was described thus by Robert Baird in 1845[13]:

"There is no worse place out of hell than that neighbourhood. At night the groups of blast furnaces on all sides might be imagined to be blazing volcanoes at most of which smelting is continued on Sundays and weekdays, day and night - without intermission'"[citation needed]

The Baird family exerted a strong influence over Coatbridge in the 19th century. They were responsible for the lay out of present day central Coatbridge town centre. Land for the town hall and the land which later came to form Dunbeth Park were gifted to the town by the Bairds. Gartsherrie church was built by the Baird family for them and their employees.

It was also said that “anywhere in Coatbridge at night one could easily read a newspaper by the light of furnace tops”. [14]

Coatbridge in the 1930's

During this period the Coatbridge’s iron-based industries assisted the massive impact Glasgow's Clydeside made on the world of shipbuilding.

However, the local ironstone supplies of Monklands had been largely exhausted by 1885.[15] The growth of the steel industry (in neighbouring Motherwell) led to a start of a decline in demand for iron. In the 1920s Lloyd George's 'Coal and Power' report still described the living conditions in the Rosehall area:

"...on the outskirts of Coatbridge, I found nearly the worst of all. In each of these single rooms lives a miners’ family. There is no pantry. The coal is kept under the bed. Water has to be obtained from a standpipe outside, used by a number of houses. Conspicuously huddled together in the yards are filthy huts for sanitary purposes."[16]

George Orwell's book "The Road to Wigan Pier" was illustrated by a photograph of houses in the Rosehall area of Coatbridge. [17]

In 1934 there was a mass exodus to Corby, England when the Union Plant relocated. This had the effect of a hammer blow impact on the town’s iron industry and ushered in the end of serious iron production. The decline of Clydeside shipbuilding in the 1950’s meant the demand for iron finally collapsed.[18] The last of the blast furnaces, William Baird’s famous Gartsherrie works, closed in 1967. [19]

Over time the population of Coatbridge has fallen from a peak of around 90,000 at the end of the 19th century to today's level[20]. As late as 1936 however Coatbridge was the most overcrowded place in Scotland. In the 1950's a massive programme of state-sponsored house building saw thousands of new homes built in Coatbridge. By the early 1980’s 85% of homes in Coatbridge were part of local authority housing stock. [21]

Since the 1970's there have been various initiatives to attempt to regenerate Coatbridge. Urban Aid, European Union grants and most recently Social Inclusion Partnerships have attempted to breathe new life into Coatbridge.


Etymology

The place name Coatbridge first appears on a number of 19th century maps. In terms of etymology there are various explanations for the towns name. One source states “Coatbridge” is either derived from the Middle English "cote" (cottage) or from the Old Welsh "coed" meaning "wood"[22]. The other explanation is that from around the 13th century the local area was owned by the Colt family, sometimes known as Coats, and their estate generated place-names such as Coatbridge, Coatdyke, Coathill and Coatbank[23]. Drummond and Smith suggest the name derives farther back with the granting of land to Ranulphus le Colt around the time of the 12th century. [24]


Geography & Topography

Neighbouring towns, villages and places.

At 55°51′44″N 4°1′46″W / 55.86222°N 4.02944°W / 55.86222; -4.02944Invalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (55.861°, -4.047°), Coatbridge is am in;and town situated in Scotland's Central Lowlands. The town lies 288 feet (88 m) above sea level, 9 miles (14.5 km) east of Glasgow, 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Cumbernauld and 2 miles (3 km) west of Airdrie. Although Coatbridge has no major river running through it, the North Calder Water runs east-west to the south and the now defunct Monkland Canal used to run straight through the centre of the town toward Glasgow. The canal route through Coatbridge can still be seen today. There are also several smaller burns which run through Coatbridge, most of which drain to the North Calder Water. Coatbridge has four significant public parks. Dunbeth park, West End park, Whifflet park and Drumpellier Country park.

The topography of Coatbridge was an important feature in the towns development during the industrial revolution. Coatbridge sits 60 metres below the ‘Slammanan plateau’ which neighbouring Airdrie rests on the edge of. The low lying flat ground of Coatbridge was a vital factor in the siting of the towns’ blast furnaces because although Airdrie was an already established town and had supplies of ironstone the Monkland Canal link could not extend into Airdrie because of its higher elevation.[25]

View of Coatbridge from the east. Landmarks from left to right are: Gartsherrie Academy, Coatbridge Library, Canal Bridge, Jackson & Dunbeth Court flats. Whitelaw Fountain can just be glimpsed under the Canal Bridge. It was here in the early 20th century that it was possible to travel through on horse, passenger train, canal barge, foot or car.

Climate

Coatbridge experiences a temperate maritime climate, like much of the British Isles, with relatively cool summers and mild winters. The prevailing winds is from the west. Regular but generally light precipitation occurs throughout the year. Several lochs have formed around Coatbridge: Woodend Loch (designated a site of special scientific intrest), Lochend Loch and the smaller Witchwood Loch.

Cultural character of Coatbridge

In recent years there has been something of a cultural renaissance in the town rooted in the annual March St. Patrick’s Day festival which is sponsored by the Irish government. The festival commenced in 2003 and has gradually ramped up each year. The festival now runs for ten days and includes lectures, film shows, dance/gaelic football competitions and music performances.

Literature, theatre and film

Janet Hamilton, the nineteenth century poet and essayist, died in Langloan in 1873. Present-day day writers Anne Donovan (Orange prize winner), Alan Kelly and award-winning author Des Dillon[26] are all from Coatbridge. Coatbridge has regularly featured in Des Dillon's work with particular attention to his vision of Coatbridge as a working class Irish Catholic town. Two of his books about Coatbridge have been turned into plays.[27]

Mark Millar is a Coatbridge comic book writer whose Wanted comic book series has been translated into a feature film starring Angelina Jolie and Morgan Freeman. Coatbridge born Dame Laurentia McLachlan was the Benedictine abbess of the Stanbrook Community whose correspondance with George Bernard Shaw and Sydney Cockerell was the subject of the film "The Best of Friends".[28] Coatbridge is also home to the annual Deep Fried Film Festival. Local filmmakers Duncan and Wilma Finnigan have been described by the list magazine as "the John Cassavetes and Gena Rowlands of Coatbridge". [29]

Music

Thomas McAleese (alias Dean Ford) was the lead singer of The Marmalade who had a UK number one single in 1969. Coatbridge brothers Greg Kane and Pat Kane made up the 1990s band Hue and Cry. Coatbridge born Alan Frew is the ex-pat lead singer of Canadian group Glass Tiger. Coatbridge sisters Fran and Anna were famous on the Scottish traditional music scene.

Coatbridge and Ireland

See also: Coatbridge Irish

Coatbridge has been noted for it's irish links [30][31]. Within the town there are a number of Irish dance schools, Irish langauge classes, a Gaelic football team (Sands McSwiney), Gaelic Football Summer School, a branch of Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann (Music and Musicians of Ireland) and an Irish genealogy project[32].

Coatbridge accent

The Coatbridge accent has been categorised as generally making less use of the Scots tongue and exhibiting a tendency to stress the "a" vowel differently from general Scots useage. Examples of this are seen the pronunciation of the words stair (sterr), hair (herr) and fair (ferr). This different enunciation is attributed to the impact of successive influxes of Irish immigrants into Coatbridge. [33] Another notable language trait commonly practised in Coatbridge is the use of the "reaffirmative" after a sentence, for example stating "I need to go up the street tomorrow so I do".

Sports

See also: List of football clubs in Scotland
Cliftonhill, home of Albion Rovers.

Coatbridge's local football team is Albion Rovers. Albion Rovers play in the Scottish third division. The clubs greatest success came in 1920 when they were beaten in the final of the Scottish cup at Hampden Park. Noted Albion Rovers players from the past have included Jock Stein and Bernie Slaven. Attendances have hovered around the 300 mark for some years. Local residents generally support Celtic FC. However Rangers FC also have a very large local following with a number of supporters clubs in the town.

Speedway racing has been staged at Cliftonhill Park with the Coatbridge Monarchs in residence from 1968 to 1969, after which the speedway licence was sold to Wembley. Speedway returned to Cliftonhill in 1973. Coatbridge Tigers stayed until mid 1977 when they were turned out to make way for a greyhound track.

Drumpellier Cricket Club has been in continuous existence for around 150 years and the club have a ground in the Drumpellier area.

Coatbridge Ju-Jitsu and Kobudo Club are situated within the Time Capsule Leisure Centre. [34]

Coatbridge is the home of Sands McSwiney Gaelic Football Club.

Coatbridge is also home to the commonwealth super feather-weight champion Ricky Burns who won his title on 26 September 2008, with a win over Osumanu Akaba at York Hall, Bethnal Green.

In terms of golf there are two courses; the municipal course bordering Drumpellier Country Park and the nearby private member's club Drumpellier Golf Course.

Governance

Further information: [[:History of local government in Scotland]]
Coatbridge Municipal Building

Coatbridge is represented by threel tiers of elected government. North Lanarkshire Council, the unitary local authority for Coatbridge, is based at Motherwell, and is the executive, deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance. The Scottish Parliament is responsible for devolved matters such as education, health and justice,[35] while reserved matters are dealt with by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Up until 1975, Coatbridge had its own Burgh Council. Between 1975 and 1996, Coatbridge was part of Monklands District Council which operated as part of Strathclyde Regional Council. During the by-election campaign in Monklands East of 1994, there were accusations[36] of sectarianism and nepotism in favour of Coatbridge over nieghbouring Airdrie by Monklands District Council. See Monklandsgate and Monklands East by-election, 1994. Allegations stemmed from the fact that all 17Labour councillors were Roman Catholic with Coatbridge being seen as a 'Catholic town'. Although subsequent inquiries showed no evidence of sectarianism however allegations of nepotism were shown to be true [37] .

Coatbridge is part of the burgh constituency of Coatbridge, Chryston and Bellshill, electing one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Before the constituency's creation in 2005, Coatbridge lay in the Coatbridge and Cryston constituency. Tom Clarke[38] of the Scottish Labour Party has been the MP since 1982 and currently holds the record for the largest UK parliamentary majority with 19,519[39]. For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament, Coatbridge forms part of the Coatbridge and Cryston constituency, which is represented by Elaine Smith MSP[40], also Labour. Coatbridge is further represented by seven regional MSPs from the Central Scotland electoral region.[41]. A small part of the eastern fringes of the town forms part of the Airdrie and Shotts constituency.

Demography

See also: Demography of Scotland
Coatbridge compared according to UK Census 2001[42][43][44][45]
Coatbridge North Lanarkshire Scotland
Total population 41,170 321,067 5,062,011
Foreign born 1.3% 1.7% 3.8%
Over 75 years old 6.1% 5.6% 7.1%
Unemployed 5.3% 4.5% 4.0%

According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, the census locality of Coatbridge had a total resident population of 41,170, or 13% of the total of North Lanarkshire. This figure, combined with an area of 6.818 square miles (17.7 km2)[46], provides Coatbridge with a population density figure of 6,038 inhabitants per square mile (2,331/km2). This is lower than the population density of nearby Glasgow (at 8,526/sq mi (3,292/km2)*).

The median age of males and females living in Coatbridge was 35 and 38 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland[42]. Thirty four percent were married, 6.1% were cohabiting couples, 14.7% were lone parent families and 32.5% of households were made up of individuals[47].

The place of birth of the town's residents was 98.7% United Kingdom (including 96% from Scotland), 0.32% Republic of Ireland, 0.30% from other European Union countries, and 0.72% from elsewhere in the world[42]. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 39.3% in full-time employment, 9.4% in part-time employment, 3.6% self-employed, 5.3% unemployed, 2.5% students with jobs, 3.2% students without jobs, 13.4% retired, 5.7% looking after home or family, 12.0% permanently sick or disabled, and 5.7% economically inactive for other reasons[44]. Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Coatbridge has low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom, and people over 75 years of age.[42]

Irish people began to come to arrive Coatbridge in the mid-19th century, many of them because of The Great Hunger in the mid-19th century. The 1851 census recorded that Irish people born in Coatbridge constituted 35.8% of the population. Although while a significant proportion of these emigrants were protestant the majority were Catholic. By 1901, the percentage of Irish born people in Coatbridge had fallen to around 15%, but remained the highest of all the major towns in Scotland[48]. In the 2001 census irish ethnicity was recorded at just over 1%, although catholicism was recorded at just over 50%. In 2006, Coatbridge (along with Port Glasgow and Clydebank) was voted 'the least Scottish town in Scotland' due to having the highest percentage of Irish names in the country. Reportedly more than 28% of adults in Coatbridge had names with Irish origins [49] [50].

Economy

Summerlee blast furnaces at turn of century, Coatbridge

From the early days of the industrial revolution, Coatbridge had many heavy industries connected with it, but most industries revolved around iron, coal and the canal link to Glasgow. The Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland has commented that in modern day Coatbridge “coal, iron and steel have all been consigned to the heritage scrap heap”.[51]


Coatbridge is the site of Scotland's inland container base. Coatbridge was chosen as the site in part due to the proximity of rail and motorway networks. [52] Makers of PA systems and loudspeakers Tannoy Ltd. are based in Coatbridge. Lees Foods Plc is a local confectionery and bakery products company who are the manufacturers of the legendary Lees macaroon bar.

Today there are very few industries around Coatbridge. The town is a commuter town for Glasgow, with some shopping centres for the surrounding smaller towns.

Property prices in Coatbridge have undergone rapid growth in recent years. In 2005, house prices rose by 35%, the largest such increase in Scotland[53].

Landmarks

Typical Coatbridge high rise flats

The built environment around Coatbridge's town centre is characterised by its mixture of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century sandstone buildings and late twentieth-century precast concrete shops. The leafy Blairhill and Dunbeth areas to the west and north of the town centre comprise detached, semi-detached and terraced sandstone residential buildings. The bulk of the surrounding areas are mid twentieth-century local authority housing. Several high rise flats dominate the skyline, the tallest being 17 stories. Due to the decline of industries, several private housing estates have been built on reclaimed land, some very close to the town centre.

In 2007 Coatbridge was awarded Prospect architecture magazine’s carbuncle award for being the ‘most dismal town in Scotland’ [54]. The town was also recently described by Scottish comedian Frankie Boyle as "like Bladerunner… without the special effects” [55].

Coatbridge is the home of "Scotland's Noisiest Museum", Summerlee Heritage Park, which contains an insight into the life of people in industrial Coatbridge. A row of 1930's cottages, a wrkign trma line and a coal mine can all be seen on site.

Drumpellier Country Park is set around Woodend Loch. There are extensive woodlands, a visitor centre and a butterfly house. Monkland Canal runs through a section of the park.

The Time Capsule is a multi-purpose leisure centre containing a swimming pool, an adventure pool set in a prehistoric environment, an ice skating facility, suana/steam room and a sports complex with gym halls and other facilities. Showcase Leisure Park contains a 12-screen cinema, a 10-pin bowling complex and numerous restaurants have contributed to recent attempts to regenerate Coatbridge.

Architecturally noteworthy landmarks in Coatbridge include:

  • Coatbridge Leisure Centre – Peter Womersley 1970's brutal modernist building sited on main road into Coatbridge.
  • The Quadrant shopping centre - Has been described in one article; "...from the set of Camberwick Green. A new clock tower, which looks as if it was designed on the back of a beer mat, marks the town centre, a throwaway gesture compounded by the addition of some appalling public art-cum street furniture" [57].
  • St Andrew’s Church - 1839 early Victorian Gothic church by Scott Stephen & Gale
  • Coatbridge railway bridges - The B-listed 1898 bridges span Bank Street, West Canal Street and the former Monkland Canal. The bridges are currently undergoing specialist restoration.[58]
  • Former Cattle Market Building - Erected in 1896, B listed façade of the sandstone cattle market building within the Blairhill and Dunbeth conservation area.

Transportation

The Monkland Canal (completed 1791[59]) was used in the 19th and 20th century to transport coal and iron to Glasgow. The town centre section of the canal was interred in pipe between Sikeside and Blair Road in the mid 1960’s. [60] Some sections of the canal can still be seen today between Townhead and Drumpellier.

In terms of road links Coatbridge is adjacent to the M8 and M73 motorways, and the M74 motorway is a short drive away. Edinburgh, Stirling and Glasgow all within commuting distance.

Coatbridge is also served by relatively frequent passenger trains operated by Strathclyde Passenger Transport (SPT). There are six railway stations on the four train lines that bisect the town: Motherwell-Cumbernauld Line; Argyle Line; Whifflet Line; and North Clyde Line. The six stations within Coatbridge and on these lines are: Blairhill; Coatbridge Central; Coatbridge Sunnyside; Kirkwood; and Whifflet. Bargeddie is also within a short walk of Kirkwood, but lies out with the town boundary.

  • Train stations in Coatbridge
  • Blairhill Railway Station
    Blairhill Railway Station
  • Coatbridge Central Railway Station
    Coatbridge Central Railway Station
  • Coatbridge Sunnyside Railway Station
    Coatbridge Sunnyside Railway Station
  • Coatdyke Railway Station
    Coatdyke Railway Station
  • Kirkwood Railway Station
    Kirkwood Railway Station
  • Whifflet Railway Station
    Whifflet Railway Station

In the past, Coatbridge had additional passenger stations, like the one at Langloan and Calder Station (Greenend). These stations have however been closed for many years.

A bus transit terminus is situated along both sides of the South Circular Road.

Neighbourhoods

The earliest map showing Coatbridge is by Timothy Pont published in Blue’s “Nether warde of clyds-dail” 1654. The districts of Dunpelder, Gartshary, Kangloan, Kirkwood, Kirkshawes, Wheatflet are all mentioned. [61]

The present day neighbourhoods of Coatbridge are Barrowfield, Blairhill, Brownshill, Carnbroe, Cliftonville, Cliftonhill, Coatbank, Cuparhead, Drumpellier, Dunbeth, Dundyvan, Espieside, Gartsherrie, Greenhill, Greenend, Kirkshaws, Kirkwood, Langloan, Old Monkland, Rosehall, Shawhead, Sikeside, Summerlee, Sunnyside, Townhead and Whifflet. Victoria Park is a relatively new area close the town centre which was built on a brownfield site once occupied by heavy industry.

The Blairhill and Dunbeth neighbourhoods are part of the Blairhill and Dunbeth conservation area. [62]

Whitelaw is the area which the town centre is in but is a term which has not been used for many years. The fountain which is situated at the town centre on the corner of main street/south circular road is officially called the Whitelaw Fountain.

Education

Coatbridge College

Coatbridge College is located within the Blairhill and Dunbeth Conservation Area. The college was built as Scotland’s first college in the late 19th century. As Coatbridge moved away from the traditional heavy industries teaching focus has moved from traditional industry courses to commerce, care and the arts.

St. Andrew's, St. Ambrose and Coatbridge are the three mainstream secondary schools in Coatbridge. The sports journalist, broadcaster and erstwhile Brain of Britain Bob Crampsey was formerly headmaster of St Ambrose High School.

The Xavarian fathers catholic seminary school is located in the Whifflet area of Coatbridge.

Public services

Coatbridge forms part of the Western water and sewerage regions of Scotland. Waste management is provided by the North Lanarkshire local authority. Water supplies are provided by Scottish Water, a government-owned corporation of the Scottish Government. Coatbridge's Distribution Network Operator for electricity is Scottish Power.[63] Coatbridge is served by Monklands Hospital, sited on the Airdrie side of the Coatbridge/Airdrie border. The NHS board is NHS Lanarkshire. Strathclyde Fire and Rescue is the statutory fire and rescue service which operates in Coatbridge. Policing in Coatbridge is provided by the Strathclyde Police force, N-Division. The Strathclyde Partnership for Transport, a public body in Scotland, has direct operational responsibilities, such as supporting (and in some cases running) local bus services, and managing integrated ticketing in Coatbridge and other areas from the former Strathclyde region.[64] Transport Scotland manages the local rail network.[64]

The local authority responisble for community based service in Coatbridge is North Lanarkshire Council. The council provides local services related to education, social work, the environment, housing, road maintenance and leisure.[65]


Notable people

Further information: Category:People from Coatbridge


References

  1. ^ Sport and the Contestation of Ethnic Identity: Football and Irishness in Scotland in Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies - Joseph M. Bradley (2006) p.15
  2. ^ http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_103/103_113_168.pdf
  3. ^ http://mars.northlan.gov.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/report/026694.pdf
  4. ^ Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland (1994) Eds. J & J Keay, HarperCollinsPublishers, p.175
  5. ^ http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/gazette/permanent_places/C_mfsgp/gazette_coatbridge.html
  6. ^ "Parish of Old or West Monkland, Statistical Account 1799". Edinburgh University. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
  7. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982. P.15
  8. ^ Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland (1994) Eds. J & J Keay, HarperCollinsPublishers, p.175
  9. ^ Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland (1994) Eds. J & J Keay, HarperCollinsPublishers, p.175
  10. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982
  11. ^ Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland (1994) Eds. J & J Keay, HarperCollinsPublishers, p.175
  12. ^ http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Coatbridge
  13. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982
  14. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982. P.31
  15. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982
  16. ^ http://www.marxists.org/archive/murphy-jt/1926/strike/03.htm
  17. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982. P.39
  18. ^ http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/gazette/permanent_places/C_mfsgp/gazette_coatbridge.html
  19. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982
  20. ^ citation need
  21. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982. P.42
  22. ^ http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/gazette/permanent_places/C_mfsgp/gazette_coatbridge.html
  23. ^ http://www.spns.org.uk/CtLanark.htm
  24. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982. P.11
  25. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982. P.7
  26. ^ http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth02C26N470412627142
  27. ^ http://www.edinburghguide.com/aande/theatre/reviews_07/001/theatre-review-monks.shtml
  28. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109245/
  29. ^ http://www.list.co.uk/article/4026-duncan-and-wilma-finnigan/
  30. ^ Histories and Memories: Migrants and Their History in Britain - Kathy Burrell, Katherine Fischer Burrell, Panikos Panayi p.238 (2003)
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  32. ^ http://www.coatbridgeirishgenealogyproject.co.uk/
  33. ^ Celtic Minded - Joeseph M. Bradley (Ed.)
  34. ^ http://www.coatbridgejujitsu.com
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  36. ^ http://www.alba.org.uk/scot03constit/c01.html Alba.org.uk] Accessed 20090124.
  37. ^ Bruce et al. (2004) Sectarianism in Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
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  39. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions: Elections - "Which MP has the largest majority?"". United Kingdom Parliament website, www.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
  40. ^ "Elaine Smith MSP Scottish Parliament webpage". scottish.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
  41. ^ "Central Scotland Regional MSPs". scottish.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
  42. ^ a b c d "Comparative Population Profile: Coatbridge Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  43. ^ "Comparative Population Profile: North Lanarkshire Council Area Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  44. ^ a b "Comparative Employment Profile: Coatbridge Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  45. ^ "Comparative Population Profile: Coatbridge Locality Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  46. ^ List_of_census_localities_in_Scotland#North_Lanarkshire
  47. ^ "Comparative Household Profile: Coatbridge Locality, Scotland". scrol.gov.uk. 2001. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  48. ^ The Irish in Scotland - James Handley, 1962
  49. ^ http://news.scotsman.com/scotlandspopulation/Island-takes-title-of-most.2809389.jp
  50. ^ http://originsinfo.com.au/pdf/Sunday_Times_Scot_Barra_the_most_Scottish_place_060910.pdf
  51. ^ Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland (1994) Eds. J & J Keay, HarperCollinsPublishers, p.175
  52. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982
  53. ^ "Scots towns head house price list". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  54. ^ http://www.acadvertiser.co.uk/lanarkshire-news/local-news/airdrie-news/2007/11/29/coatbridge-named-scotland-s-most-dismal-town-65864-20180627/
  55. ^ http://www.architecturescotland.co.uk/news/1141/Frankie_goes_to_Coatbridge.html
  56. ^ http://www.edinburgharchitecture.co.uk/rowand_anderson.htm
  57. ^ http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/editors-choice/2007/11/27/scots-blots-on-the-landscape-86908-20165757/
  58. ^ http://www.acadvertiser.co.uk/lanarkshire-news/local-news/coatbridge-news/2009/01/21/coatbridge-s-bridges-enjoy-full-makeover-65864-22737070/
  59. ^ http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/towns/townfirst411.html
  60. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982
  61. ^ Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith, Monkland Library Services, 1982 p8
  62. ^ http://cci.scot.nhs.uk/planning/seiru/seiruDocs/PPA_320_099.pdf
  63. ^ "Electricity Distribution Network Operators". energylinx.co.uk. 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
  64. ^ a b Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (2007-09-05). "Who we are". spt.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
  65. ^ http://www.northlan.gov.uk/your+council/services/index.html
  66. ^ http://www.searcs-web.com/skinn.html
  67. ^ http://www.grahamstevenson.me.uk/archives/000085.html

External links

Further reading

  • The Rise of Coatbridge and the Surrounding Neighbourhood (Glas. 1864) by Andrew Miller
  • Monks (Luath Press Ltd. 2007) by Des Dillon
  • Coatbridge: Three Centuries of Change – Peter Drummond and James Smith (Monkland Library Services, 1982)
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