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Niulakita

Coordinates: 10°45′S 179°30′E / 10.750°S 179.500°E / -10.750; 179.500
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Niulakita
Reef Island
Satellite picture
Satellite picture
Niulakita is located in Tuvalu
Niulakita
Niulakita
Location in Tuvalu
Coordinates: 10°45′S 179°30′E / 10.750°S 179.500°E / -10.750; 179.500
CountryTuvalu
Area
 • Total0.40 km2 (0.15 sq mi)
Elevation
4.6 m (15.1 ft)
Population
 (2012)
 • Total27
 • Density68/km2 (170/sq mi)

Niulakita is the southernmost island of Tuvalu, and also the name of the only village on this island. Niulakita has a population of 27 (2012 census).[1] The residents of Niulakita have moved to the island from Niutao. Niulakita is represented in the Parliament of Tuvalu by the members of the constituency of Niutao.

Geographical features

Niulakita is a reef island.[2][3] There are four ponds or lakes and the village has a maneapa (a community hall) in Tuvalu, which provides meeting and recreational functions as well. The isle has an oval outline, with the longer axis running east-west (about 1 km long). This island features highest point of Tuvalu (4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level). A fringing reef surrounds the whole island, which makes local fishing and transport into and out of the island difficult.

Historical background

The discovery of Niulakita is claimed by travellers from Nui, led by Kaunatu who was taking people home to Vaitupu, however their canoe drifted off course to the south and they arrived at Niulakita. There was only saltbrush (Atriplex) and pukavai trees (Pisonia grandis) on the islands. Kaeula, one of the passengers, died and was buried with the last of their coconuts planted at the head of his grave. The island was named by Kaunatu after a place of that name on Nui.[4]

The first sighting recorded by Europeans of Niulakita was on 29 August 1595 by the Spanish navigator Alvaro de Mendaña during his second expedition encountered Niulakita. The island was charted as La Solitaria (Lonesome in Spanish).[5][6][7] An attempt was made to find a port with two small vessels in its southern part but the bottom was uneven and rocky and they abandoned their attempts.[8]

In 1821 Captain George Barrett, of the Nantucket whaler Independence II, visited Niulakita, which he named Rocky (Group).[6] This name was never much used, but Independence Island, after Barrett's ship, was one of the several names which came into general use for Niulakita during the 19th century. Niulakita was also known as Sophia.[6]

In about 1879 the elders of Vaitupu were interested in Niulakita and send a working party to plant coconuts on the island.[9] However, in 1880 they were informed that J. C. Godeffroy und Sohn of Hamburg (operating out of Samoa) claimed ownership of the island.[9] Notwithstanding this claim in 1884 the Vaitupu elders transferred their claim to Niulakita to H. M. Ruge and Company, a German trading firm that operated from Apia, for $400 in part payment of a debt of $13,000 to Ruge & Co.[10] Ruge & Co became insolvent in about 1888. On 15 April 1889 Niulakita was sold for $1,000 to Mr H. J. Moors, an American citizen living in Apia, Samoa.[9] On 16 September 1896 Captain Gibson R.N., of HMS Curacoa, recorded in his journal that six men and six women, natives of various islands, were living on Niulakita working for Moors. Captain Gibson determined that the island was not under American protection so he hoisted the Union Jack and delivered the flag, with a copy of the Declaration of British Protectorate, to the headman of the working party.[9][11]

In August 1896, the sailing ship Seladon of Stavanger was wrecked on the coral reef of Starbuck Island. The crew of 16 men were in the lifeboats with little food and water for 30 days, until they arrived at Niulakita. The crew were stranded for ten months until rescued by a passing steam ship.[12]

It was bought by the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony administration in 1944. The administration gave people from Vaitupu permission to settle Niulakita. However, in 1949 a later administration decided to have Niulakita settled by the community from Niutao, which was considered to be overpopulated. The removal of the Vaitupuans was controversial.[13]

The United States asserted a claim to Niulakita under the Guano Islands Act of 1856; this claim was renounced under the 1983 treaty of friendship between Tuvalu and the United States.[14]

Education

Niulakita's junior school is Lotoalofa Primary School.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Population of communities in Tuvalu". Thomas Brinkhoff. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  2. ^ Map of Niulakita. Tuvaluislands.com. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)
  3. ^ British Admiralty Nautical Chart 766 Ellice Islands (1893 ed.). United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO). 21 March 1872. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)
  4. ^ Sotaga Pape, Hugh Laracy (ed.) (1983). "Chapter 10 – Nui". Tuvalu: A History. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu. p. 77. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)
  5. ^ Maude, Islands and Men: Studies in Pacific History, Melbourne: Oxford University Press (1986) p.307
  6. ^ a b c Keith S. Chambers & Doug Munro, The Mystery of Gran Cocal: European Discovery and Mis-Discovery in Tuvalu, 89(2) (1980) The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 167–198
  7. ^ Laumua Kofe, Palagi and Pastors, Tuvalu: A History, Ch. 15, (U.S.P./Tuvalu)
  8. ^ Maude, H.E. Spanish discoveries in the Central Pacific. A study in identification Journal of the Polynesian Society, Wellington, LXVIII, 1959, pp.306,307.
  9. ^ a b c d Roberts, R.G. (1958). Te Atu Tuvalu: A short history of the Ellice Islands. 67 (4) Journal of the Polynesian Society. pp. 196–197. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)
  10. ^ Kalaaki Laupepa, Hugh Laracy (ed.) (1983). "Chapter 11 – Vaitupu". Tuvalu: A History. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu. p. 78. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)
  11. ^ Laracy, Hugh (ed.) (1983). "The 'Ownership' of Niulakita, 1880–1896". Tuvalu: A History. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu. pp. 196–197. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)
  12. ^ Wincent Rege, Malvin Rege & Eli Rege (2012). The wreck of the Seladon: A true survival on an island story. CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1470002459. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)
  13. ^ "Foua Tofiga". tighar.org. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  14. ^ "DOI Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) – FORMERLY DISPUTED ISLANDS". Doi.gov. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)


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