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Southwest Airlines

Coordinates: 32°50′48″N 96°51′40″W / 32.8467°N 96.861°W / 32.8467; -96.861 (Southwest Airlines Headquarters)
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32°50′48″N 96°51′40″W / 32.8467°N 96.861°W / 32.8467; -96.861 (Southwest Airlines Headquarters)

Southwest Airlines
Logo (2014–present)
IATA ICAO Callsign
WN SWA SOUTHWEST
FoundedMarch 15, 1967; 57 years ago (1967-03-15) (as Air Southwest)
Commenced operationsJune 18, 1971; 53 years ago (1971-06-18) (as Southwest Airlines)
AOC #SWAA304A
Operating bases
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer programRapid Rewards
Fleet size753
Destinations101
Traded as
HeadquartersDallas, Texas, U.S.
Key people
RevenueIncrease US$ 21.965 billion (2018)[1]
Operating incomeDecrease US$ 3.206 billion (2018)[1]
Net incomeDecrease US$ 2.465 billion (2018)[1]
Total assetsIncrease US$ 26.243 billion (2018)[1]
Total equityIncrease US$ 9.853 billion (2018)[1]
Employees59,793 (2019)[1]
Websitewww.southwest.com

Southwest Airlines Co. is a major American airline headquartered in Dallas, Texas, and is the world's largest low-cost carrier.

The airline was established on March 15, 1967 by Herb Kelleher as Air Southwest Co. and adopted its current name, Southwest Airlines Co., in 1971, when it began operating as an intrastate airline wholly within the state of Texas, first flying between Dallas, Houston and San Antonio.[2][3] The airline has more than 59,000 employees as of March 2019 and operates about 4,000 departures a day during peak travel season.[4][5]

As of July 2019, Southwest carries the most domestic passengers of any United States airline.[6] The airline has scheduled services to 101 destinations in the United States and ten additional countries. Its most recent expansion occurred in March, April, and May 2019 with service to Honolulu, Maui, and Kailua-Kona respectively. Southwest's next planned service expansion is to Lihue and Hilo.[7][8][9]

History

Southwest Airlines was founded in 1966 by Herbert Kelleher and Rollin King, and in 1967 it was incorporated as Air Southwest Co. Three other airlines took legal action to try to prevent the company from its planned strategy of undercutting their prices by flying only within Texas and thus being exempt from various regulations. The lawsuits were resolved in 1970, and in 1971 the airline began operating regularly scheduled flights between Dallas Love Field and Houston and between Love Field and San Antonio, and adopted the name Southwest Airlines Co. In 1975, Southwest began operating flights to various additional cities within Texas, and in 1979 it began flying to neighboring states. Service to the East and the Southeast started in the 1990s.[10]

Destinations

As of July 2019, Southwest Airlines has scheduled flights to 101 destinations in 41 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.[11] It operates crew bases at the following airports: Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago–Midway, Dallas–Love, Denver, Houston–Hobby, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Oakland, Orlando, and Phoenix–Sky Harbor.[12] Southwest does not use the "hub and spoke" system of other major airlines, preferring the "point-to-point" system, combined with a "rolling hub" model in its larger cities.

In 2018, Gary Kelly – the airline's chief executive – suggested that the airline may also be considering potential route expansions to Canada and Europe.[13]

A Southwest 737-700 departing Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport.

Top cities

Southwest Airlines top cities by flights (as of May 14, 2019)[14]
City Daily departures Cities served nonstop Service began
Chicago–Midway 243 68 1985
Denver 220 69 2006
Las Vegas 217 54 1982
Baltimore–Washington 216 66 1993
Dallas–Love 195 61 1971
Phoenix–Sky Harbor 184 62 1982
Houston–Hobby 171 64 1971
Orlando 149 49 1996
Nashville 138 46 1986
Los Angeles 132 32 1982
Oakland 131 36 1989
St. Louis 129 50 1985

Airline partnerships

Present

Southwest does not currently partner with any other airline.

Past

  • Icelandair: In 1997, Southwest and Icelandair entered into interline and marketing agreements allowing for joint fares, coordinated schedules, transfer of passenger luggage between the two airlines in Baltimore and a place connecting passengers between several U.S. cities and several European cities.[15] The frequent flyer programs were not included in the agreement. This arrangement lasted for several years but ended when Icelandair's service from BWI to KEF ended in January 2007.[16]
  • ATA Airlines: In a departure from its traditional "go it alone" strategy, Southwest entered into its first domestic codesharing arrangement with ATA, which enabled Southwest Airlines to serve ATA markets in Hawaii, Washington, D.C. and New York City.
At the time of ATA's demise in April 2008, the airline offered over 70 flights a week to Hawaii from Southwest's focus cities in PHX, LAS, LAX and OAK with connections available to many other cities across the United States. The ATA/Southwest codeshare was terminated when ATA filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on April 3, 2008. Southwest ultimately acquired the operating certificate and some of the landing rights of ATA in the ensuing proceedings.[17]
  • WestJet: On July 8, 2008, Southwest Airlines signed a codeshare agreement with WestJet of Canada, giving the two airlines the ability to sell seats on each other's flights.[18] Originally, the partnership was to be finalized by late 2009, but had been postponed due to economic conditions.[19] On April 16, 2010, Southwest and WestJet airlines amicably agreed to terminate the implementation of a codeshare agreement between the two airlines.
  • Volaris: Southwest signed its second international codeshare agreement on November 10, 2008, with Mexican low-cost carrier Volaris. The agreement allowed Southwest to sell tickets on Volaris flights.[20] However, on February 22, 2013, the connecting agreement was terminated. It was said to be mutual between the airlines. Most industry experts believe that the expansion of the subsidiary of Southwest, AirTran Airways, into more Mexican markets, was a main reason for the termination of the agreement.[21]
  • AirTran Airways: After acquiring AirTran Airways in 2011, Southwest Airlines and AirTran Airways took the first step in connecting their networks on January 26, 2013, by offering a small number of shared itineraries in five markets. The agreement ended after AirTran became fully integrated into Southwest on December 28, 2014.

Fleet

Southwest Airlines has only operated Boeing 737 jetliner models, except for a period from 1979 to 1987 when it leased and operated several Boeing 727-200s from Braniff International Airways. Southwest is the largest operator of the Boeing 737 worldwide, with 750 in service, each averaging six flights per day.[4]

Passenger experience

Southwest operates using a unique boarding process.
Southwest Airlines spirit interior introduced in 2001, succeeded by the evolve interior

While most U.S. airlines now charge passengers for checked luggage, Southwest continues to permit 2 free checked bags per passenger. Regarding last-minute itinerary changes, Southwest also does not charge any change fees; passengers are permitted to change their flight as late as 10 minutes prior to their flights, and only pay the difference if their new flight is more expensive than the original flight (or receive a credit if the new flight is less expensive than the original flight). In the event of a cancellation, passengers are refunded a travel credit in the amount spent on their ticket, and the credit may be used toward any other Southwest Airlines or Southwest Vacations purchase within a year of the original ticket purchase.

Southwest offers free in-flight non-alcoholic beverages and offers alcoholic beverages for sale for $6–7/beverage, with Rapid Rewards members eligible to receive drinks vouchers with their tickets. Free alcoholic drinks are offered on popular holidays such as Valentine's Day and Halloween, provided the passenger is at least 21. Southwest has complimentary pretzels on all flights, and most flights have free Nabisco snacks. Southwest is known for colorful boarding announcements and crews that burst out in song, which is quite popular among passengers.[22][23][24][25]

According to the Department of Transportation (DOT) Southwest ranks number one (lowest number of complaints) of all U.S. airlines for customer complaints. Southwest Airlines has consistently received the fewest ratio of complaints per passengers boarded of all major U.S. carriers that have been reporting statistics to the DOT since 1987, which is when the DOT began tracking customer satisfaction statistics and publishing its Air Travel Consumer Report.

Prior to 2007, Southwest boarded passengers by grouping the passengers into three groups, labeled A, B and C. Passengers would line up at their specified letter and board.[26]

In 2007, Southwest modified their boarding procedure by introducing a number. Each passenger receives a letter (A, B or C) and a number 1 through 60. Passengers line up in numerical order within each letter group and choose any open seat on the aircraft.[26] According to a 2012 study by Mythbusters, this is the fastest method currently in use for non-first class passengers to board a plane; on average, it is 10 minutes faster than the standard method used by most airlines of boarding from the back frontward.[27]

In-flight entertainment

A Southwest 737–800 with the evolve interior and old branding, succeeded by the Heart interior

All Southwest Airlines aircraft are equipped with Wi-Fi, free streaming live television, free movies, free streaming music from iHeartRadio, and free app messaging. After completing a testing phase that began in February 2009, Southwest announced on August 21, 2009 that it would begin rolling out in-flight Wi-Fi Internet connectivity via Global Eagle Entertainment's satellite-broadband based product. Southwest began adding Wi-Fi to its aircraft in the first quarter of 2010. The airline began testing streaming live television in the summer of 2012 and video on demand in January 2013.[28][29] As of November 1, 2018, live in-flight TV, movies, messaging (iMessage and WhatsApp) and real-time flight tracking information via Wi-Fi are available for free to all passengers, with full Internet access available at a fee for regular passengers and free to A-List Preferred Rapid Rewards members.[30]

Evolve interior

On January 17, 2012, Southwest introduced a plan to retrofit its fleet with a new interior. Improvements include a modern cabin design, lighter and more comfortable seats made of eco-friendly products, increased under-seat space, new netted seatback pockets to provide more knee room, a new fixed-wing headrest and improved ergonomics. All Boeing 737-700s and 115 737-800s have the Evolve Interior.[31] Though not originally planned, because of space saved, Southwest was able to fit an extra row of seats on its planes. All Boeing 737-800s have the Boeing Sky Interior, which features sculpted sidewalls and redesigned window housings, along with increased headroom and LED mood lighting.[32]

Heart interior

On June 20, 2016, Southwest introduced its newest interior, called the Heart Interior. It includes the widest seat to fit a Boeing 737 that provides additional space for passengers and also includes a new galley.[33] The seat is being delivered on all new 737-800s and 737 MAX aircraft.[34] All current evolve equipped 737s will be retrofitted with new bulkheads and bold blue seat cushions to match the look of the heart interior.

Rapid Rewards

Southwest first began to offer a frequent-flyer program on June 18, 1987, calling it The Company Club. Unlike many competitors' programs that were based on miles flown, The Company Club credited for trips flown regardless of distance.[35] Southwest Airlines renamed its frequent flyer program Rapid Rewards on April 25, 1996.[36]

The original Rapid Rewards program offered one credit per one-way flight from an origin to a destination including any stops or connections on Southwest Airlines. When 16 credits were accumulated in a 24-month period, Southwest awarded one free round-trip ticket that was valid for 12 months.[37]

On March 1, 2011, Rapid Rewards changed to a points system based on ticket cost. Members earn and redeem points based on a three-tier fare scale multiplier and the cost of the ticket. Changes also included no blackout dates, seat restrictions or expiring credits, however, points will expire if there is no qualified points earning activity for 24 months. It also adds more options to use points.[38][39][40][41]

Corporate affairs

Headquarters

Southwest Airlines headquarters in Dallas

The Southwest Airlines headquarters is located on the grounds of Dallas Love Field in the Love Field neighborhood of Dallas, Texas.[4][42]

On September 17, 2012, Southwest broke ground on a new Training and Operational Support (TOPS) building.[43] The TOPS Building is across the street from its current headquarters building. The property includes a two-story, 100,000 square foot Network Operations Control (NOC) building that can withstand an EF3 tornado. It also includes a four-story, 392,000 square foot office and training facility with two levels devoted to each function. The new facilities house 24-hour coordination and maintenance operations, customer support and services, and training. The project was completed in late 2013, with occupancy beginning in 2014.

On June 2, 2016, Southwest broke ground on its new office and training facility known as Wings. The newest addition to the corporate campus is composed of a 420,000 square foot six story office building, and 380,000 square foot adjoining structure called the LEAD (Leadership Education and Aircrew Development) Center which serves as the new pilot training facility. The LEAD Center has capacity to house and support 18 flight simulators. It is designed to be expanded to accommodate up to 26 simulator bays. The building opened on April 3, 2018.[44]

Employment

As of June 30, 2019, Southwest Airlines has 59,793 active full-time equivalent employees.[45]

Gary C. Kelly is Chairman and CEO of Southwest Airlines. Kelly replaced former CEO Jim Parker on July 15, 2004 and assumed the title of "President" on July 15, 2008, replacing former President Colleen Barrett. In July 2008, Herb Kelleher resigned his position as Chairman. Colleen Barrett left her post on the Board of Directors and as Corporate Secretary in May 2008 and as President in July 2008. Kelleher was President and CEO of Southwest from September 1981 – June 2001.[46]

On January 10, 2017, Southwest announced changes to the Company's executive Leadership ranks with Thomas M. Nealon named as President and Michael G. Van de Ven named as the airline's Chief Operating Officer.[47]

Approximately 83% of Southwest employees are members of a union.[48] The Southwest Airline Pilots' Association, a union not affiliated with the Air Line Pilots Association, represents the airline's pilots.[49] The Aircraft Maintenance Technicians are represented by the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association (AMFA).[50] Customer Service Agents and Reservation Agents are represented by the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers Union (IAM). Flight Dispatchers, Flight Attendants, Ramp agents and Operations agents are represented by the Transport Workers Union (TWU).

Impact on carriers

Southwest has been a major inspiration to other low-cost carriers, and its business model has been repeated many times around the world. The competitive strategy combines high level of employee and aircraft productivity with low unit costs by reducing aircraft turn around time particularly at the gate.[51] Europe's EasyJet and Ryanair are two of the best known airlines to follow Southwest's business strategy in that continent. Other airlines with a business model based on Southwest's system include Canada's WestJet, Malaysia's AirAsia (the first and biggest LCC in Asia), India's IndiGo, Australia's Jetstar, a subsidiary of Qantas (although Jetstar now operates three aircraft types), Philippines's Cebu Pacific, Thailand's Nok Air, Mexico's Volaris, Indonesia's Lion Air and Turkey's Pegasus Airlines. Although Southwest has been a major inspiration to many other airlines, including Ryanair, AirAsia, Lion Air and Jetstar, the management strategies, for example, of Ryanair, AirAsia, Lion Air and Jetstar differ significantly from those of Southwest.[51] All these different management strategies can be seen as means of differentiation from other competitors in order to gain competitive advantages.[52]

Advertising

The company has always employed humor in its advertising. Former slogans include "Love Is Still Our Field," "Just Plane Smart," "The Somebody Else Up There Who Loves You," "You're Now Free To Move About The Country," "THE Low Fare Airline," "Grab your bag, It's On!" and "Welcome Aboard." The airline's current slogan is "Low fares. Nothing to hide. That's TransFarency!"[53]

A Southwest 737–800 in the Heart livery at BWI Airport

In March 1992, shortly after Southwest started using the "Just Plane Smart" motto, Stevens Aviation, which had been using "Plane Smart" for its motto, advised Southwest that it was infringing on its trademark.[54][55]

Instead of a lawsuit, the CEOs for both companies staged an arm wrestling match. Held at the now-demolished Dallas Sportatorium (the famed wrestling facility) and set for two out of three rounds, the loser of each round was to pay $5,000 to the charity of his choice, with the winner gaining the use of the trademarked phrase. A promotional video was created showing the CEOs "training" for the bout (with CEO Herb Kelleher being helped up during a sit up where a cigarette and glass of Wild Turkey 101 whiskey was waiting) and distributed among the employees and also as a video press release along with the video of the match itself. Herb Kelleher lost the match for Southwest, with Stevens Aviation winning the rights to the phrase. Kurt Herwald, CEO of Stevens Aviation, immediately granted the use of "Just Plane Smart" to Southwest Airlines. The net result was both companies having use of the trademark, $15,000 going to charity, and good publicity for both companies.[56]

Accidents and incidents

Southwest Airlines accidents and incidents include three deaths: one accidental passenger death inflight, one non-passenger death on the ground and one passenger death from injuries he sustained when subdued by other passengers while attempting to break into the cockpit of an aircraft. In March 2019 a Boeing 737 Max 8 crashed in Ethiopia, following the crash of another Max 8 in Indonesia (Lion Air Flight 610) which caused the worldwide grounding of the aircraft type. Southwest made the decision to move some of its 737 Max aircraft for storage to the Southern California Logistics Airport.

Southwest has had 8 accidents, including two aircraft hull losses. The airline was considered among the ten safest in the world in 2012.[57]

Southwest Airlines incidents and accidents
Flight Date Aircraft Location Description Casualties
1455 March 5, 2000 Boeing 737–300 N668SW Burbank, California The aircraft overran the runway upon landing at Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport, now called Hollywood Burbank Airport, Burbank, California, injuring 44.[58] The accident resulted in the dismissal of the Captain. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair. 44 injuries
1763 August 11, 2000 Boeing 737–700 N798SW In flight The aircraft was flying from Las Vegas, Nevada to Salt Lake City, Utah when 19-year-old Jonathan Burton attempted to storm the cockpit in an apparent case of air rage. He was restrained by six to eight other passengers and in the confusion, died of asphyxiation. One death; one minor injury
1248 December 8, 2005 Boeing 737–700 N471WN Chicago, Illinois The aircraft overran the runway during landing at Chicago Midway International Airport in heavy snow conditions. A six-year-old boy died after the car he was in was struck by the aircraft after it slid into a street. Passengers on board the aircraft and on the ground reported several minor injuries. One death (on ground); several injuries
2294 July 13, 2009 Boeing 737–300 N387SW In flight The flight from Nashville International Airport to Baltimore-Washington International Airport was forced to divert to Yeager Airport in Charleston, West Virginia, after a hole formed on the top of the aircraft's fuselage near the tail, resulting in depressurization of the cabin and deployment of the oxygen masks. The aircraft landed safely.[59] None
812 April 1, 2011 Boeing 737–300 N632SW In flight above Arizona The crew of the flight from Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport to Sacramento International Airport were forced to declare an emergency and divert to Yuma International Airport after a hole appeared in the top of the aircraft fuselage. The aircraft landed approximately 40 minutes after takeoff from Phoenix.[60] Two minor injuries
345 July 22, 2013 Boeing 737–700 N753SW Queens, New York The flight from Nashville International Airport crash-landed at New York's LaGuardia Airport after touching down hard, nose-gear first. "[T]he nose gear gave away so violently that the jet's electronics bay was penetrated by the landing gear with only the right axle still attached."[61] The aircraft traveled 633 metres (2,077 ft) down the runway with its nose scraping, generating a shower of sparks, coming to rest slightly off the runway.[62][63] Damage to the 13-year-old aircraft was substantial.[64] The captain was fired, and the aircraft was ultimately scrapped.[65] Ten minor injuries
3472 August 27, 2016 Boeing 737–700 N766SW In flight above Florida The flight from Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport to Orlando International Airport suffered an uncontained engine failure while at cruising altitude. The engine cowling suffered major damage, with the inlet being completely torn off. Fragments from the engine also caused a gash in the fuselage. The 16-year-old Boeing 737–700 diverted and landed without further incident at Pensacola International Airport. Passengers say that they "heard a loud boom and smoke trailing from the left engine, and saw metal flapping after the smoke cleared."[66] None
1380 April 17, 2018 Boeing 737–700 N772SW In flight above Pennsylvania The flight from New York-LaGuardia to Dallas made an emergency landing at Philadelphia International Airport after the left engine suffered an uncontained engine failure and debris smashed a passenger window. The resulting depressurization pushed a passenger partially out of the window, causing critical injuries which led to her death.[67][68][69] One death; eight minor injuries[70][68]

Controversies and passenger incidents

On June 22, 2011, a March 25 recording of an in-flight transmission of Southwest pilot Captain James Taylor apparently unintentionally broadcasting a conversation with his first officer was released to the press. The conversation was peppered with foul language directed at gay, overweight, and older flight attendants. According to Southwest, the pilot was reprimanded and temporarily suspended without pay and received diversity education before being reinstated. Captain Taylor also sent an e-mail apology to all of Southwest's employees, especially the crew members who were criticized.[71][72][73]

On September 26, 2017, a woman was removed from a Southwest flight after claiming to have a life-threatening allergy to dogs, two of which were present on the aircraft with one being a certified service animal, and having to be removed by law enforcement after failing to follow the instructions of airline staff. After learning about the woman's allergy, Southwest employees requested that she prove her condition with the correct documentation. When she failed to do so, staff asked her to exit the aircraft multiple times. She refused, which prompted law enforcement to step in and remove the passenger. The interactions between the woman and the officers were recorded and posted online to many social media platforms, and gained much attention.[74][75]

On December 29, 2017, a family was removed from a flight from Chicago Midway Airport to Santa Ana, California because of an unconfirmed lice accusation. The family did not have lice after all, and was re-accommodated on a flight two days later. Southwest claims to have refunded the full fare. The family claims that the airline never compensated them for the interruption to their trip.[76]

See also

References

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  60. ^ "Six foot hole opens in 737 during flight". AP / KING 5. Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 4, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ Stark, Lisa (July 26, 2013). "Southwest Plane's Nose Gear Landed [First], NTSB Says". ABCNews.go.com. ABC News. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
  62. ^ Allen, Jonathan (July 23, 2013). "U.S. probes Southwest Air's LaGuardia landing". Chicago Tribune. Reuters. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
  63. ^ CBS/AP (July 24, 2013). "Southwest Airlines Flight 345's nose gear "collapsed rearward," NTSB says". CBSNews.com. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
  64. ^ NTSB Press Release (August 6, 2013). "NTSB issues second investigative update on Southwest Airlines accident in New York". NTSB.gov. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
  65. ^ Schlangenstein, Mary. "Southwest Fires Captain Over LaGuardia Nose-First Landing". Bloomberg. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  66. ^ "Passenger jet suffers major engine malfunction in mid-air". Retrieved August 28, 2016.
  67. ^ "Passenger's photo shows shredded engine outside plane's window". CNN. CNN. April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  68. ^ a b Joyce, Kathleen (April 17, 2018). "Southwest Airlines plane's engine explodes; 1 passenger dead". Fox News. Fox News. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  69. ^ "Southwest Airlines Engine Failure, Emergency Landing & One Passenger Deceased". LoyaltyLobby. April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  70. ^ Bacon, John. "One dead after Southwest flight lands in Philadelphia with blown engine". USA Today. USA Today. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  71. ^ "Southwest disciplines pilot for rant during flight". CNN. June 23, 2011. CNN Travel – Retrieved June 22, 2011
  72. ^ "Southwest Airlines Pilot's Rant – Transcript, Here's What He Said". Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ "Southwest Airlines Pilot Broadcasts Hate For Flight Attendants Over ATC Radio – Raw Audio File". Aviation News Today – Retrieved June 22, 2011
  74. ^ Rosenblatt, Kalhan (September 27, 2017). "Southwest Airlines Apologizes After Video Shows Woman Being Dragged off Plane". NBC News. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  75. ^ Gant, Michelle (September 27, 2017). "Southwest Airlines passenger dragged off plane after claiming to have life-threatening pet allergy". Fox News. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  76. ^ Darby, Adam (January 1, 2018). "Disneyland-bound family kicked off Southwest flight after unconfirmed lice accusation". The Kansas City Star. The McClatchy Company. Retrieved February 21, 2018.

External links

  • Official website
  • Corporate media site
  • Southwest Airlines Seating Charts on SeatGuru.com
  • Southwest Airlines Fleet Age
  • Business data for Southwest Airlines:
  • Southwest Airlines' Yahoo! Finance Profile
  • StartupStudio – Interview with Herb Kelleher on the founding of Southwest Airlines, recommendations for entrepreneurs and rule of thumb for raising venture funding
  • Iflyswa.com (Official website archive)