1213
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Year 1213 (MCCXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
- May 15 – King John of England submits to Pope Innocent III, who in turn lifts the interdict of 1208.[1][2]
- May 30 – Battle of Damme: The English fleet under William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, destroys a French fleet off the Belgian port, in the first major victory for the fledgling Royal Navy.[3][4]
- September 12 – Battle of Muret: The Toulousain and Aragonese forces of Raymond VI of Toulouse and Peter II of Aragon are defeated by the Albigensian Crusade, under Simon de Montfort.[5][6]
- Jin China is overrun by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, who plunder the countryside and cities, until only Beijing remains free, despite two bloody palace coups and a lengthy siege.[7][8]
- Pope Innocent III issues a charter, calling for the Fifth Crusade to recapture Jerusalem.[9][10][11]
- Mukhali seizes Mi Prefecture and orders all the inhabitants massacred.[citation needed]
- Construction of the Kilkenny Castle in Ireland is completed.[12][13]
Births
- March 9 – Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, French crusader (d. 1271)[14]
- June 10 – Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi, Persian philosopher and Sufi mystic[15][16]
Deaths
- January 18 – Queen Tamar of Georgia (b. c. 1160)[17][18]
- April 13 – Guy of Thouars, regent of Brittany[19][20][21]
- April 21 – Maria of Montpellier, Lady of Montpellier, Queen of Aragon (b. 1182)[22][23]
- September 12 – King Peter II of Aragon (killed in battle) (b. 1174)[24][25]
- September 28 – Gertrude of Merania, queen consort regent of Hungary (murdered) (b. 1185)[26][27][28]
- October 10 – Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine[29]
- October 14 – Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex[30][31]
- Sharafeddin Tusi, Persian mathematician (b. 1135)[32][33][34]
References
- ^ Schulman, Jana K. (2002). The Rise of the Medieval World, 500-1300: A Biographical Dictionary. The Great Cultural Eras of the Western World. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. xxix. ISBN 9780313308178.
- ^ Moore, John Clare (2003). Pope Innocent 3rd 1160/61-1216: To Root Up and to Plant. The Medieval Mediterranean. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. pp. 212–214. ISBN 9789004129252.
- ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Vol. Volume I: ca. 3000 BCE - 1499 CE. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 269. ISBN 9781851096725.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Poole, Austin Lane (1993). From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087-1216. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 459–461. ISBN 9780192852878.
- ^ de Puylaurens, Guillaume (2003). The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and Its Aftermath. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. pp. 45–47. ISBN 9780851159256.
- ^ Brooks, Constantina E. (June–November 1872). "The Battle of Muret, A.D. 1213". Harper's New Monthly Magazine. XLV: 449.
- ^ Bennett, Matthew (1998). The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient & Medieval Warfare. Chicago, London: Taylor & Francis. p. 73. ISBN 9781579581169.
- ^ McNab, Chris (2017). Famous Battles of the Medieval Period. New York: Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. p. 47. ISBN 9781502632470.
- ^ Mylod, E. J.; Perry, Guy; Smith, Thomas W.; Vandeburie, Jan (2016). The Fifth Crusade in Context: The Crusading Movement in the Early Thirteenth Century. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781317160175.
- ^ Tyerman, Christopher (2006). God's War: A New History of the Crusades. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 612–613. ISBN 9780674023871.
1213 Fifth Crusade.
- ^ Bird, Jessalynn; Peters, Edward; Powell, James M. (2013). Crusade and Christendom: Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 106–112. ISBN 9780812207651.
- ^ Campbell, James; Bill, Nicholas; Draper, Karey; Fleming, Patrick; Pan, Yiting; Andrews, Wendy (2015). "Old Ennisnag Bridge (by D. O'Dwyer and R. Cox)". Proceedings of the First Conference of the Construction History Society. Exeter, UK: Short Run Press. p. 307. ISBN 9780992875107.
- ^ "Kilkenny Castle". www.kilkenny.ie. September 29, 2007. Archived from the original on March 2, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
- ^ Commire, Anne (1999). Women in World History. Vol. Volume I. Waterford, CT: Gale. p. 77. ISBN 9780787640613.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Clark, Matthew (2017). "Religious Sects, Syncretism, and Claims of Antiquity: The Dashanami–Sannyasis and South Asian Sufis'. In Literary, Religious and Political Cultures in Medieval and Early Modern India". In Aquil, Raziuddin; Curley, David L. (eds.). Literary and Religious Practices in Medieval and Early Modern India. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 87. ISBN 9781351987325.
- ^ Dabashi, Hamid (2012). The World of Persian Literary Humanism. Harvard University Press. pp. Cambridge, MA and London. ISBN 9780674067592.
- ^ Cook, Bernard A. (2006). Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 579. ISBN 9781851097708.
- ^ Schmermund, Elizabeth (2017). Women Warriors. New York: Enslow Publishing, LLC. pp. 39–43. ISBN 9780766081529.
- ^ Baldwin, John W. (1991) [1986]. The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages. Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford: University of California Press. p. 199. ISBN 9780520911116.
- ^ Everard, Judith; Jones, Michael C. E. (1999). The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family, 1171-1221. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer. p. 141. ISBN 9780851157511.
- ^ Woodward, Bernard Bolingbroke; Cates, William Leist Readwin (1872). Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical. London: Lee and Shepard. p. 227.
- ^ Martin, Therese (2012). Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture (2 Vol. Set). Visualizing the Middle Ages. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 352. ISBN 9789004185555.
- ^ de Puylaurens, Guillaume (2003). The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and Its Aftermath. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780851159256.
- ^ Jenkins, Ernest E. (2012). The Mediterranean World of Alfonso II and Peter II of Aragon (1162–1213). The New Middle Ages. New York: Springer. p. 2. ISBN 9781137078261.
- ^ Sarfaty, David E. (2010). Buy Columbus Re-discovered: Why the King of Aragon Suppressed the Discoverer's Identity and How He Did. Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance Publishing. p. 160. ISBN 9781434997500.
- ^ Berend, Nora (2017). The Expansion of Central Europe in the Middle Ages. The Expansion of Latin Europe, 1000 - 1500. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 9781351890083.
- ^ Bork, Robert; Clark, William W.; McGehee, Abby (2016). New Approaches to Medieval Architecture. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 9781351915137.
- ^ Loud, Graham A.; Schenk, Jochen (2017). The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians. New York and London: Taylor & Francis. pp. xxiii. ISBN 9781317022008.
- ^ Jeep, John M. (2001). Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia. New York and London: Psychology Press. p. 467. ISBN 9780824076443.
- ^ Weis, Frederick Lewis (1992). Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: The Lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Some of Their Descendants. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 213. ISBN 9780806313672.
- ^ West, Francis (2005). Justiceship England 1066-1232. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780521619646.
- ^ Dahan-Dalmédico, Amy; Peiffer, Jeanne (2010) [1986]. History of Mathematics: Highways and Byways. Washington, D.C.: Mathematical Association of America. p. 97. ISBN 9780883855621.
- ^ Gharipour, Mohammad (2015). The Historiography of Persian Architecture. London and New York: Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 9781317427223.
- ^ Cooke, Roger L. (2011) [2005]. The History of Mathematics.: A Brief Course (Second ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 426. ISBN 9781118030240.