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The LGBT community, LGBTQ community, or GLBT community, also referred to as the gay community, is a loosely defined grouping of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, LGBT organizations, and subcultures, united by a common culture and social movements. These communities generally celebrate pride, diversity, individuality, and sexuality. LGBT activists and sociologists see the LGBT community-building as a counterweight to heterosexism, homophobia, biphobia, transphobia, sexualism, and conformist pressures that exist in the larger society. The LGBT community is diverse in political affiliation. Not all people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender consider themselves part of the LGBT community.
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LGBT communities may organize themselves into, or support, movements for civil rights promoting LGBT rights in various places around the world.
( corrected spelling and grammatical errors, deleted extra information that was not need it and relocated it in the Terminology section)
| Total population | |
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| c. 250 million[a] (Estimated worldwide) |
Terminology
The term pride or sometimes gay pride expresses the LGBT community's identity and collective strength; pride parades provide both a prime example of the use and a demonstration of the general meaning of the term. (relocated info)
LGBT, or GLBT, is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the term is an adaptation of the initialism LGB, which was used to replace the term gay about the LGBT community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s.[5]
The initialism, as well as common variants such as LGBTQ, have been adopted into the mainstream in the 1990s [6] as an umbrella term for use when labeling topics about sexuality and gender identity. For example, the LGBT Movement Advancement Project termed community centers, which have services specific to those members of the LGBT community, as "LGBT community centers" in comprehensive studies of such centers around the United States. [7]( added information that was not clear and added a citation) (grammar correction)
The initialism LGBT is deliberate to emphasize a diversity of sexuality and gender identity-based cultures. It may refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non-cisgender, instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.[8] Recognize this inclusion as a popular variant that adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their sexual identity; LGBTQ has been recorded since 1996.[9] [10](corrected grammatical errors)
Symbols
The gay community is frequently associated with certain symbols, especially the rainbow or rainbow flags. The Greek lambda symbol ("L" for liberation), triangles, ribbons, and gender symbols are also used as "gay acceptance" symbol. There are many types of flags to represent subdivisions in the gay community, but the most commonly recognized one is the rainbow flag.
Rainbow flag
The rainbow flag became a popular symbol internationally to acknowledge the LGBT community. In 1978 Gilbert Baker created the prototype of the flag, taking inspiration from many resources to create a seal that would represent the gay community. [11]The 8 line flag was sewn and hand-dyed by Baker and several volunteers. Two prototypes of the flag were presented at the Gay and Lesbian Pride Parade in San Francisco in 1978.[12] As the flag caused a sensation at the parade, Baker decided to take the prototype to the Paramount Flag Company in San Francisco so the flag would be produced in large quantities for the community to have in the next year's parade. [13]
According to Gilbert Baker, each color of the flag represents a value in the community:
- Pink = sexuality
- Red = life
- Orange = healing
- Yellow = the sun
- Green = nature
- Blue = art
- Indigo = harmony
- Violet = spirit
Six-colors version due to the lack of fabric production. This flag was presented in the parade in 1979.
Later, pink and indigo were removed from the flag due to the lack of commercial color, resulting in the present-day flag which was first presented at the 1979 Pride Parade.[13] Other flags include the Victory over AIDS flag, the Leather Pride flag, and the Bear Pride flag.[12]
Lambda symbol
The lambda symbol was originally adopted by Gay Activists Alliance of New York in 1970 after they broke away from the larger Gay Liberation Front. Lambda was chosen because people might confuse it for a college symbol and not recognize it as a gay community symbol unless one was actually involved in the community. "Back in December of 1974, the lambda was officially declared the international symbol for gay and lesbian rights by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland."[12]
Triangle
The triangle became a symbol for the gay community after the Holocaust. Not only did it represent Jews, but homosexuals who were killed because of German law. During the Holocaust, homosexuals were labeled with pink triangles to distinguish between them, Jews, regular prisoners, and political prisoners. The black triangle is similarly a symbol for females only to represent lesbian sisterhood. [14]
The pink and yellow triangle was used to label Jewish homosexuals. Gender symbols have a much longer list of variations of homosexual or bisexual relationships which are clearly recognizable but may not be as popularly seen as the other symbols. Other symbols that relate to the gay community or gay pride include the gay-teen suicide awareness ribbon, AIDS awareness ribbon, labrys, and purple rhinoceros.[12]
In the fall of 1995, the Human Rights Campaign adopted a logo (yellow equal sign on the deep blue square) that has become one of the most recognizable symbols of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. The logo can be spotted the world over and has become synonymous with the fight for equal rights for LGBT people.[15]
One of the most notable recent changes was made in Philadelphia, PA on June 8, 2017. They added two new stripes to the traditional LGBT+ flag, one black and one brown. These were intended to highlight members of color within the LGBTQIA community.[16]
Human and legal rights
The LGBT community is represented by a social component of the global community that is believed by many, including heterosexual allies, to be underrepresented in the area of civil rights. The current struggle of the gay community has been largely brought about by globalization. In the United States, World War II brought together many closeted rural men from around the nation and exposed them to more progressive attitudes in parts of Europe. Upon returning home after the war, many of these men decided to band together in cities rather than return to their small towns. Fledgling communities would soon become political at the beginning of the gay rights movement, including monumental incidents at places like Stonewall. Today, many large cities have gay and lesbian community centers. Many universities and colleges across the world have support centers for LGBT students. The Human Rights Campaign,[17] Lambda Legal, the Empowering Spirits Foundation,[18] and GLAAD[19] advocate for LGBT people on a wide range of issues in the United States. There is also an International Lesbian and Gay Association. In 1947, when the United Kingdom adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), LGBT activists clung to its concept of equal, inalienable rights for all people, regardless of their race, gender, or sexual orientation. The declaration does not specifically mention gay rights but discusses equality and freedom from discrimination.[20] In 1962, Clark Polak joined The Janus Society in Philadelphia, PA.[21] Only a year after, he became president. In 1968, he announced that the Society would be changing their name to Homosexual Law Reform Society; “Homosexuals are now willing to fly under their own colors” (Stewart, 1968).
Same-sex marriage
In some parts of the world, partnership rights or marriage have been extended to same-sex couples. Advocates of same-sex marriage cite a range of benefits that are denied to people who cannot marry, including immigration, health care, inheritance and property rights, and other family obligations and protections, as reasons why marriage should be extended to same-sex couples. Opponents of same-sex marriage within the gay community argue that fighting to achieve these benefits using extending marriage rights to same-sex couples privatizes benefits (e.g., health care) that should be made available to people regardless of their relationship status. They further argue that the same-sex marriage movement within the gay community discriminates against families that are composed of three or more intimate partners. Opposition to the same-sex marriage movement from within the gay community should not be confused with opposition from outside that community.[20]
Same-sex adoption
The adoption of a child by a same-sex couple is a right that the LGBT community has. Same-sex adoption is legal in twenty-seven countries, allowing the community the opportunity to start a family.[22] If someone from the LGBT community wants to adopt, it is not mandatory to have a partner to do so as there is also the option to adopt individually. Only court decisions determine that LGBT people can be single parents or in pairs depending on their lifestyle or social situation.[22] Many people disagree with same-sex couples adopting a child as they believe they would not be a good parenting model for the child. Scientific studies show that same-sex couples can fulfill the same function as heterosexual parents by supporting their children and providing them with a healthy environment where they feel comfortable.[23]
Adoption centers determine if the applicants are capable or incapable of adopting a child since the center evaluates the emotional, social, economic, and family stability to satisfy the interests of the child and guaranteeing that they have a stable environment where they can grow. [23]
Same-sex parenting
LGBT people can become parents without necessarily being in a relationship as there are different ways for people of the same-sex to have the opportunity to start a family. Some of the options they have are adoption, foster care, sperm donor for insemination, and surrogacy.[24]Scientific studies show that same-sex parents are just as capable as heterosexual parents of raising a child in a healthy and supportive environment. These studies show that children raised in a same-sex environment do not affect their emotional functioning, self-esteem, well-being, sexual orientation, and gender identity.[25] Good parenting, regardless of sexuality, requires consistency and security to have a comfortable and healthy family environment.
On the other hand, LGBT parents are worried about their children being teased for having parents of the same-sex. This situation concerns them because their child gets bullied just for the fact that both of his parents are the same-sex and not opposite-sex like the traditional way in which this kind of situation can affect their children's emotional state and self-esteem.[26][27]
Media
Media can be a powerful and significant tool as society regards it as the primary source of information. However, the media has such a strong influence on individuals' beliefs, attitudes, and behavior in society. [28]The most promising criticism they made towards the platform media was the representation of the LGBT community that was considered an influential impact on the general opinion of the people.[29]The present lesbian and gay community has a growing and complex place in the American & Western European media. Lesbians and gay men are often portrayed inaccurately in television, films, and other media. [30]
Over the decades, the LGBT community has found acceptance in the media through the representation of various platforms such as movies, television shows, and music.[31] Description in the media, in general, has been significant in promoting greater acceptance from the community by giving them a voice and a center of attention.[31]
LGBT representation on TV
There is currently a widespread ban of references in child-related entertainment, and when references do occur, they almost invariably generate controversy. The LGBT community is often described as many stereotypes, such as gay men being portrayed as flamboyant and bold. Like other minority groups, these caricatures are intended to ridicule this marginalized group.[32]
The restrictions for the representation of the LGBT community began in 1930 with the Hollywood Production Code, which lasted until 1983 as it was replaced by the Code of Practice for Television Broadcaster. Both codes did not prohibit LGBT characters, but they were very strict on how those characters should be and how they should act. [33]This restriction about how LGBT people were represented in the media was very convincing for the American public to believe that people in the LGBT community were child molesters and villains, simultaneously showing that if you had a sexual preference, you could reach a fatal death.[34]
In 1997, when American comedian Ellen DeGeneres came out of the closet on her popular sitcom, many sponsors, such as Wendy's fast-food chain, pulled their advertising.[35] Also, a portion of the media has attempted to make the gay community included and publicly accepted with television shows such as Will & Grace or Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. This increased publicity reflects the Coming out movement of the LGBT community.[36] As more celebrities came out, more shows developed, such as the 2004 show The L Word. These depictions of the LGBT community have been controversial, but beneficial for the community. The increase in visibility of LGBT people allowed the community to unite to organize and demand change, and it has also inspired many LGBT people to come out.[30]
In the United States, gay people are frequently used as a symbol of social decadence by celebrity evangelists and by organizations such as Focus on the Family. Many LGBT organizations exist to represent and defend the gay community. For example, the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation in the United States and Stonewall in the United Kingdom work with the media to help portray fair and accurate images of the gay community.[37][38]
As companies are advertising more and more to the gay community, LGBT activists are using ad slogans to promote gay community views. Subaru marketed its Forester and Outback with the slogan "It's Not a Choice. It's The Way We're Built", which was later used in eight U.S. cities on streets or in gay rights events.[39]
Buying power
In this section I corrected some grammatical and spelling errors on the main article. Also added some main articles to the sub-heading.
Health
Discrimination and mental health
In a 2001 study that examined possible root causes of mental disorders in lesbian, gay and bisexual people, Cochran and psychologist Vickie M. Mays of the University of California explored whether ongoing discrimination fuels anxiety, depression, and other stress-related mental health problems among LGBT people.[40] The authors found strong evidence of a relationship between the two.[40] The team compared how 74 LGBT and 2,844 heterosexual respondents rated lifetime and daily experiences with discrimination so as not to be hired for a job or being denied a bank loan, as well as feelings of perceived discrimination.[40] LGBT respondents reported higher rates of perceived discrimination than heterosexuals in every category related to distinction, the team found.[40] However, while gay youth are considered to be at higher risk for suicide, a literature review published in the journal Adolescence states, "Being gay in-and-of-itself is not the cause of the increase in suicide." Rather the review notes that the findings of previous studies suggested the,"...suicide attempts were significantly associated with psychosocial stressors, including gender nonconformity, early awareness of being gay, victimization, lack of support, school dropout, family problems, acquaintances' suicide attempts, homelessness, substance abuse, and other psychiatric disorders. Some of these stressors are also experienced by heterosexual adolescents, but they are more prevalent among gay adolescents."[41] Despite recent progress in LGBT rights, gay men continue to experience high rates of loneliness and depression after coming out.[42]
References
- ^ Julia Goicichea (August 16, 2017). "Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers". The Culture Trip. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
- ^ Eli Rosenberg (June 24, 2016). "Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement". The New York Times. Retrieved June 25, 2016.
- ^ "Workforce Diversity The Stonewall Inn, National Historic Landmark National Register Number: 99000562". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ^ Gates, Gary. "How many people are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender?". Williams Institute. UCLA School of Law. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ^ Factsheet Five. M. Gunderloy,. 1989.
- ^ Ferentinos, Susan (2014-12-16). Interpreting LGBT History at Museums and Historic Sites (in Arabic). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7591-2374-8.
- ^ Centerlink, 2008 Community Center Survey Report (August 29, 2008). "LGBT Movement Advancement Project" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Shankle, Michael D. (2006). The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide to Service. Harrington Park Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-496-8.
- ^ The Santa Cruz County In-queery. The Center. 1996.
- ^ Petrow, Steven. "Civilities: What does the acronym "LGBTQ" stand for?". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
- ^ Rapp, Linda (2015). "Rainbow Flag" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d "Symbols of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Movements". Lambda.org. Archived from the original on 4 December 2004. Retrieved 26 December 2004.
- ^ a b Santiago, Joseph (2011-07-06). "LGBT 101 and Safe Spaces Program 2011". Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer Center.
- ^ "Rainbow Icon Archive: Triangles". web.archive.org. 2004-12-04. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
- ^ "About Our Logo". HRC. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
- ^ "Philly's Pride Flag to Get Two New Stripes: Black and Brown". Philadelphia Magazine. 2017-06-08. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
- ^ "What We Do". HRC. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
- ^ "Wiser Earth Organizations: Empowering Spirits Foundation". Wiserearth.org. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
- ^ GLAAD: "About GLAAD" Archived April 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Amnesty International USA. Human Rights and the Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender People. 2009. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-07-12. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered History in America". Encyclopedia.
- ^ a b Elizabeth Short, Damien W. Riggs,, Amaryll Perlesz, Rhonda Brown, Graeme Kane, (August 2007). "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Parented Families" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Hanasaba Barkodar, Jasmine (2017). "Gay marriage is legalized, now what?: Discriminatory adoption regulations" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Goldberg, Abbie E.; Allen, Katherine R. (2012-10-11). LGBT-Parent Families: Innovations in Research and Implications for Practice. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4614-4555-5.
- ^ William Meezan, Jonathan Rauch (2005). "Gay Marriage, Same-Sex Parenting, and America's Children" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Levounis, Petros; Drescher, Jack; Barber, Mary E. (2012). The LGBT Casebook. American Psychiatric Pub. ISBN 978-1-58562-421-8.
- ^ "Same-sex Parents and Their Children". www.aamft.org. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
- ^ "Popular Media and the Misrepresentation of the LGBT Community". arthniti. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
- ^ "Queer Representation in the Media". MediaSmarts. 2012-03-07. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
- ^ a b Gross, Larry P. (2001). Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231119535.
medias protrayal [sic?] of gays and lesbians.
- ^ a b Ayoub, Phillip M. "How the Media Has Helped Change Public Views about Lesbian and Gay People". Scholars Strategy Network. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
- ^ Raley, Amber B.; Lucas, Jennifer L. (October 2006). "Stereotype or Success? Prime-time television's portrayals of gay male, lesbian, and bisexual characters". Journal of Homosexuality. 51 (2): 19–38. doi:10.1300/J082v51n02_02. PMID 16901865. S2CID 9882274.
- ^ Dr. Elizabeth Gailey, Dr. Michael McCluskey (March 28, 2018). "A content analysis of LGBT representation on broadcast and streaming television".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Cleghorn, Sophie (2017-11-08). "Film: The Hollywood Production Code of 1930 and LGBT Characters". Medium. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
- ^ Gomestic. 2009. Stanza Ltd
- ^ Gabby Gonta, Shannon Hansen,, Claire Fagin, Jennevieve Fong (2017). "Changing Media and Changing Minds: Media Exposure and Viewer Attitudes Toward Homosexuality".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer community | sociology". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
- ^ Kirchick, James (2019-06-28). "The Struggle for Gay Rights Is Over". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
- ^ Fetto, John. In Broad Daylight – Marketing to the gay community – Brief Article. BNet. Feb. 2001. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-10-16. Retrieved 2016-02-06.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c d Mays, Vickie M.; Cochran, Susan D. (2001). "Mental Health Correlates of Perceived Discrimination Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the United States" (PDF). American Journal of Public Health. 91 (11): 1869–1876. doi:10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1869. PMC 1446893. PMID 11684618.
- ^ Kitts, R. (2005). "Gay adolescents and suicide: understanding the association". Adolescence. 40 (159): 621–628. PMID 16268137.
- ^ Hobbes, Michael (2017-03-01). "Together Alone: the Epidemic of Gay Loneliness". The Huffington Post Highline. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
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