1994 Mindoro earthquake
 Damaged house in Calapan City | |
 | |
| UTC time | 1994-11-14 19:15:30 |
|---|---|
| ISC event | 141635 |
| USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
| Local date | November 15, 1994 |
| Local time | 03:15 PST |
| Magnitude | 7.1 Mw[1] |
| Depth | 31.5 km (19.6 mi)[1] |
| Epicenter | 13°31′30″N 121°04′01″E / 13.525°N 121.067°E[1] |
| Type | Strike-slip[2] |
| Areas affected | Philippines |
| Max. intensity | RFS VII (Very strong tremor)[1] |
| Tsunami | Yes |
| Casualties | 78 killed, 225–340 injured[3][4] |
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The 1994 Mindoro earthquake occurred at 03:15:30 PST on November 15 near Mindoro, Philippines. It had a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Rossi–Forel of VII (Very strong tremor). It is associated with a 35-kilometer-long (22 mi) ground rupture, called the Aglubang River fault.[5] Seventy eight people were reported dead,[6] and 7,566 houses were damaged. The earthquake generated a tsunami and landslides on the Verde Island.
Earthquake
The epicenter of this earthquake was located in the Verde Island Passage, a strait separating Luzon and Mindoro. The focal mechanism showed predominantly right-lateral strike-slip faulting.[7] The released seismic moment was about 5.12×1019 Nm.[8]
Surface faulting
The Aglubang River fault, which shows a right-lateral strike-slip sense of movement, extends from Malaylay Island in the north of Oriental Mindoro to Alcate, Victoria in the south. Measurements along the rupture reveal a maximum horizontal displacement of 4 meters (13 ft) and a maximum vertical displacement of 1.9 meters (6 ft 3 in).[5][9]
Tsunami
The earthquake generated a tsunami, which affected Mindoro, the Verde Island, the Baco Islands,[10] and Luzon. Some concrete structures also suffered moderate damage in the tsunami. In Baco Islands, the vertical run-up reached 8.5 meters (28 ft). The tsunami was also recorded in Lobo.[11] The tsunami was larger than expected considering the strike-slip movement of the earthquake.[2]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d "M 7.1 - Mindoro, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. November 14, 1994. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
- ^ a b Tanioka, Y.; Satake, K. (1996), "Tsunami generation by horizontal displacement of ocean bottom" (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters, 23 (8): 863, 864, Bibcode:1996GeoRL..23..861T, doi:10.1029/96GL00736, hdl:2027.42/95068
- ^ "Today in Earthquake History". USGS. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
- ^ "15 November 1994, Mw 7.1, Mindoro, Philippines". Retrieved March 19, 2022.
- ^ a b Rimando, R.E., Punongbayan, R.S., Geronimo-Catane, S.G., Mirabueno, H.S., Rasdas, A.S., 1995. Ground rupture of the November 15, 1994, Oriental Mindoro (Philippines) earthquake. XXI General Assembly of IUGG, Abstracts, p. A422.
- ^ "Significant Earthquakes of the World". Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
- ^ Simplina-Manahan, J. J. (December 1, 2004). "Source Characterization of the 15 November 1994, Ms 7.1 Mindoro, Philippines Earthquake". The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System. pp. S11A–1003. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
- ^ "1994.11.14 Mindoro, Philippine". Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
- ^ PHIVOLCS Quick Response Teams, December 1994. PHIVOLCS Special Report No. 2. THE November 15, 1994, Mindoro Earthquake.
- ^ "Tsunamis – past and present".
- ^ "Field Survey report -Philippines Tsunami Disaster-". Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
Further reading
- Imamura, Fumihiko; Synolakis, Costas E.; Gica, Edison; Titov, Vasily; Listanco, Eddie; Lee, Ho Jun (1995). "Field survey of the 1994 Mindoro Island, Philippines tsunami". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 144 (3–4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 875–890. Bibcode:1995PApGe.144..875I. doi:10.1007/bf00874399. ISSN 0033-4553. S2CID 186215580.
External links
- The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.