α -Catenin
catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 1, 102kDa | |||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | CTNNA1 | ||||||
NCBI gene | 1495 | ||||||
HGNC | 2509 | ||||||
OMIM | 116805 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_001903 | ||||||
UniProt | P35221 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 5 q31.2 | ||||||
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catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 2 | |||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | CTNNA2 | ||||||
NCBI gene | 1496 | ||||||
HGNC | 2510 | ||||||
OMIM | 114025 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_004389 | ||||||
UniProt | P26232 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 2 p12-p11.1 | ||||||
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catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 3 | |||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | CTNNA3 | ||||||
NCBI gene | 29119 | ||||||
HGNC | 2511 | ||||||
OMIM | 607667 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_013266 | ||||||
UniProt | Q9UI47 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 10 q21 | ||||||
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The amino acid sequence of
Types
[edit]Three
- CTNNA1, alpha-1-catenin (also called alpha-E-catenin)
- CTNNA2, alpha-2-catenin (also called alpha-N-catenin)
- CTNNA3, alpha-3-catenin (also called alpha-T-catenin)
History
[edit]In the 1980s, embryonic carcinoma cells were used to describe a 102kD glycoprotein that potentially interacted with E-cadherin and other cytoskeletal complexes.1-3 It would later be known that this protein was in fact
In parallel, from the early 1990s to about 2010,
Current understanding of α -catenin's structure and model
[edit]Simply put, in the cadherin-catenin complex, cadherin molecules are linked through beta-catenin to
Despite this canonical structure, there is also evidence of
To date, there are three
α -Catenin: Beyond cell adhesion
[edit]Modulation of actin and tissue organization
[edit]As a homodimer,
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cadherin_catenin_complex_wormbook_citation.jpg/440px-Cadherin_catenin_complex_wormbook_citation.jpg)
Other studies show that
Along the same vein, a study found that in vascular endothelial cells, the fusion of VE-cadherin to
First insights into extra-junctional roles
[edit]In 2001, Vasioukhen et al. targeted the ablation of
Cell Migration
[edit]Some of the mechanisms by which RhoGEF on endosomes interact with
Implications in cell signaling
[edit]The work of Vasioukhen and Fuchs also showed that epidermal cells with ablated
It was found that
In the pancreas, Cailiani et al. found that the deletion of
Transcriptional Modulation
[edit]Function in development across species
[edit]Evolutionary aspects of α -catenin
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/The_presence_of_alpha-catenin_members_in_species_during_metazoan_evolution.webp/440px-The_presence_of_alpha-catenin_members_in_species_during_metazoan_evolution.webp.png)
Dictyostelium discoideum, a slime mold, has been shown to have both beta-catenin and
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Cooper, Geoffrey M. (2000). "Figure 11.14: Model of attachment of actin filaments to catenin-cadherin complexes". The Cell: A Molecular Approach (2nd ed.). Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-219-1.
- ^ Watabe-Uchida M, Uchida N, Imamura Y, et al. (August 1998). "alpha-Catenin-vinculin interaction functions to organize the apical junctional complex in epithelial cells". J. Cell Biol. 142 (3): 847–57. doi:10.1083/jcb.142.3.847. hdl:1854/LU-151543. PMC 2148175. PMID 9700171.
- ^ Knudsen KA, Soler AP, Johnson KR, Wheelock MJ (July 1995). "Interaction of alpha-actinin with the cadherin/catenin cell-cell adhesion complex via
α -catenin". J. Cell Biol. 130 (1): 67–77. doi:10.1083/jcb.130.1.67. PMC 2120515. PMID 7790378. - ^ Yamada S, Pokutta S, Drees F, Weis WI, Nelson WJ (December 2005). "Deconstructing the cadherin-catenin-actin complex". Cell. 123 (5): 889–901. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.020. PMC 3368712. PMID 16325582.
- ^ Nicholl ID, Matsui T, Weiss TM, Stanley CB, Heller WT, Martel A, Farago B, Callaway DJ, Bu Z (Aug 21, 2018). "Alpha-catenin structure and nanoscale dynamics in solution and in complex with F-actin". Biophysical Journal. 115 (4): 642–654. Bibcode:2018BpJ...115..642N. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.005. PMC 6104293. PMID 30037495.
- ^ Drees F, Pokutta S, Yamada S, Nelson WJ, Weis WI (December 2005). "Alpha-catenin is a molecular switch that binds E-cadherin-beta-catenin and regulates actin-filament assembly". Cell. 123 (5): 903–15. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.021. PMC 3369825. PMID 16325583.
- ^ Farago B, Nicholl ID, Wang S, Cheng X, Callaway DJ, Bu Z (March 30, 2021). "Activated nanoscale actin-binding domain motion in the catenin-cadherin complex revealed by neutron spin echo spectroscopy". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 118 (13): e2025012118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11825012F. doi:10.1073/pnas.2025012118. PMC 8020631. PMID 33753508.
- ^ Nagafuchi A, Takeichi M, Tsukita S (May 1991). "The 102 kd cadherin-associated protein: similarity to vinculin and posttranscriptional regulation of expression". Cell. 65 (5): 849–57. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90392-C. PMID 1904011. S2CID 38622586.
External links
[edit]- alpha+Catenin at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
References for History Onwards
[edit]1. Vestweber D, Kemler R. Rabbit antiserum against a purified surface glycoprotein decompacts mouse preimplantation embryos and reacts with specific adult tissues. Exp Cell Res. 1984;152(1):169-78.
2. Vestweber D, Kemler R. Some structural and functional aspects of the cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin. Cell Differ. 1984;15(2-4):269-73.
3. Kemler R, Ozawa M. Uvomorulin-catenin complex: cytoplasmic anchorage of a Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecule. Bioessays. 1989;11(4):88-91.
4. Rimm DL, Koslov ER, Kebriaei P, Cianci CD, Morrow JS. Alpha 1(E)-catenin is an actin-binding and -bundling protein mediating the attachment of F-actin to the membrane adhesion complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92(19):8813-7.
5. Benjamin JM, Nelson WJ. Bench to bedside and back again: molecular mechanisms of alpha-catenin function and roles in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol. 2008;18(1):53-64.
6. Ishiyama N, Tanaka N, Abe K, Yang YJ, Abbas YM, Umitsu M, et al. An autoinhibited structure of alpha-catenin and its implications for vinculin recruitment to adherens junctions. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(22):15913-25.
7. Watabe-Uchida M, Uchida N, Imamura Y, Nagafuchi A, Fujimoto K, Uemura T, et al. alpha-Catenin-vinculin interaction functions to organize the apical junctional complex in epithelial cells. J Cell Biol. 1998;142(3):847-57.
8. Weiss EE, Kroemker M, Rudiger AH, Jockusch BM, Rudiger M. Vinculin is part of the cadherin-catenin junctional complex: complex formation between alpha-catenin and vinculin. J Cell Biol. 1998;141(3):755-64.
9. Takeichi M. Dynamic contacts: rearranging adherens junctions to drive epithelial remodelling. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2014;15(6):397-410.
10. Le S, Yu M, Yan J. Phosphorylation Reduces the Mechanical Stability of the alpha-Catenin/ beta-Catenin Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2019;58(51):18663-9.
11. Takeichi M. Multiple functions of
12. Pokutta S, Drees F, Yamada S, Nelson WJ, Weis WI. Biochemical and structural analysis of alpha-catenin in cell-cell contacts. Biochem Soc Trans. 2008;36(Pt 2):141-7.
13. Perez-Moreno M, Fuchs E. Catenins: keeping cells from getting their signals crossed. Dev Cell. 2006;11(5):601-12.
14. Drees F, Pokutta S, Yamada S, Nelson WJ, Weis WI. Alpha-catenin is a molecular switch that binds E-cadherin-beta-catenin and regulates actin-filament assembly. Cell. 2005;123(5):903-15.
15. Wood MN, Ishiyama N, Singaram I, Chung CM, Flozak AS, Yemelyanov A, et al. alpha-Catenin homodimers are recruited to phosphoinositide-activated membranes to promote adhesion. J Cell Biol. 2017;216(11):3767-83.
16. Boutillon A, Escot S, Elouin A, Jahn D, González-Tirado S, Starruß J, et al. Guidance by followers ensures long-range coordination of cell migration through
17. Kobielak A, Pasolli HA, Fuchs E. Mammalian formin-1 participates in adherens junctions and polymerization of linear actin cables. Nat Cell Biol. 2004;6(1):21-30.
18. Itoh M, Nagafuchi A, Moroi S, Tsukita S. Involvement of ZO-1 in cadherin-based cell adhesion through its direct binding to alpha catenin and actin filaments. J Cell Biol. 1997;138(1):181-92.
19. Schulte D, Kuppers V, Dartsch N, Broermann A, Li H, Zarbock A, et al. Stabilizing the VE-cadherin-catenin complex blocks leukocyte extravasation and vascular permeability. EMBO J. 2011;30(20):4157-70.
20. Duong CN, Bruckner R, Schmitt M, Nottebaum AF, Braun LJ, Meyer Zu Brickwedde M, et al. Force-induced changes of alpha-catenin conformation stabilize vascular junctions independently of vinculin. J Cell Sci. 2021;134(24).
21. Vasioukhin V, Bauer C, Degenstein L, Wise B, Fuchs E. Hyperproliferation and defects in epithelial polarity upon conditional ablation of alpha-catenin in skin. Cell. 2001;104(4):605-17.
22. Kobielak A, Fuchs E. Links between alpha-catenin, NF-kappaB, and squamous cell carcinoma in skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(7):2322-7.
23. Vassilev V, Platek A, Hiver S, Enomoto H, Takeichi M. Catenins Steer Cell Migration via Stabilization of Front-Rear Polarity. Dev Cell. 2017;43(4):463-79 e5.
24. Szabo A, Mayor R. Modelling collective cell migration of neural crest. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2016;42:22-8.
25. Lien WH, Klezovitch O, Fernandez TE, Delrow J, Vasioukhin V. alphaE-catenin controls cerebral cortical size by regulating the hedgehog signaling pathway. Science. 2006;311(5767):1609-12.
26. Silvis MR, Kreger BT, Lien WH, Klezovitch O, Rudakova GM, Camargo FD, et al. alpha-catenin is a tumor suppressor that controls cell accumulation by regulating the localization and activity of the transcriptional coactivator Yap1. Sci Signal. 2011;4(174):ra33.
27. Pavel M, Park SJ, Frake RA, Son SM, Manni MM, Bento CF, et al. alpha-Catenin levels determine direction of YAP/TAZ response to autophagy perturbation. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):1703.
28. Jimenez-Caliani AJ, Pillich R, Yang W, Diaferia GR, Meda P, Crisa L, et al. alphaE-Catenin Is a Positive Regulator of Pancreatic Islet Cell Lineage Differentiation. Cell Rep. 2017;20(6):1295-306.
29. Giannini AL, Vivanco M, Kypta RM. alpha-catenin inhibits beta-catenin signaling by preventing formation of a beta-catenin*T-cell factor*DNA complex. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(29):21883-8.
30. Daugherty RL, Serebryannyy L, Yemelyanov A, Flozak AS, Yu HJ, Kosak ST, et al. alpha-Catenin is an inhibitor of transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(14):5260-5.
31. Choi SH, Estaras C, Moresco JJ, Yates JR, 3rd, Jones KA. alpha-Catenin interacts with APC to regulate beta-catenin proteolysis and transcriptional repression of Wnt target genes. Genes Dev. 2013;27(22):2473-88.
32. Orsulic S, Peifer M. An in vivo structure-function study of armadillo, the beta-catenin homologue, reveals both separate and overlapping regions of the protein required for cell adhesion and for wingless signaling. J Cell Biol. 1996;134(5):1283-300.
33. Simske JS, Koppen M, Sims P, Hodgkin J, Yonkof A, Hardin J. The cell junction protein VAB-9 regulates adhesion and epidermal morphology in C. elegans. Nat Cell Biol. 2003;5(7):619-25.
34. Dickinson DJ, Nelson WJ, Weis WI. A polarized epithelium organized by beta- and alpha-catenin predates cadherin and metazoan origins. Science. 2011;331(6022):1336-9.