1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami
Local date | April 24, 1771 |
---|---|
Local time | ~8 A.M. |
Magnitude | 7.4 Ms[1] |
Epicenter | 24°00′N 124°18′E / 24.0°N 124.3°E |
Areas affected | Ryūkyū Kingdom: Ryukyu Islands |
Tsunami | Yes |
Casualties | 13,486 deaths[1] |
The 1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami (also called
Earthquake analysis[edit]
According to the Japanese government publication Rika-Nenpyō (
Damage[edit]
Earthquake[edit]
It is considered that the earthquake registered an intensity of 4 (on the Japanese scale) in the Yaeyama Islands, and the damage by the earthquake itself was not as serious as the ensuing tsunami.
Tsunami[edit]
The dead and missing amounted to 12,000 people, and more than 2,000 houses were destroyed on Ishigaki and Miyakojima.[8] It has been estimated local agriculture was severely damaged because of sea water invasion and the population decreased to about one third of what it was before the earthquake. On Ishigaki island, the run-up was first estimated around 40 to 80 meters high from historical documents. However, taking into account the rough precision of the measuring instruments at this time and considering geomorphological parameters, the maximal run-up has been re-estimated to ~30m.[9]
Following the tsunami, the damage it caused was such that it led to a famine that lasted for 80 years.[8]
Boulders[edit]
There are many huge boulders on the coasts of the Yaeyema and Miyako islands that are believed to have been deposited by tsunamis. There was a legend that an islet disappeared, but this has never been verified. This set of rocks are called the Ishigaki East Coast Tsunami Rocks.[8] Among them, Yasura-ufukane, Amatariya–Suuari and Taka-koru sishi have been dragged by the 1771 Meiwa tsunami.[9]
See also[edit]
- 1741 eruption of Oshima–Ōshima and the Kampo tsunami
- 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami
- List of earthquakes in Japan
- List of historical earthquakes
- List of tsunamis
Footnotes[edit]
- ^ a b National Geophysical Data Center. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". Retrieved 22 July 2011.
- ^ "
理科 年表 -オフィシャルサイト". - ^ "1771
年 八重山 地震 津波 (明和 の大 津波 ) (1771 Yaeyama Earthquake Tsunami (Meiwa Great Tsunami))" (in Japanese). - ^ a b Nakamura, Mamoru (15 October 2009). "Fault model of the 1771 Yaeyama earthquake along the Ryukyu Trench estimated from the devastating tsunami". Geophysical Research Letters. 36 (19): L19307. Bibcode:2009GeoRL..3619307N. doi:10.1029/2009GL039730.
- ^ Abe, Katsuyuki (1999). "
遡上 高 を用 いた津波 マグニチュードMtの決定 " [Quantification of Historical Tsunamis by the Mt Scale]. Zisin (in Japanese). 52 (3): 369–377. doi:10.4294/zisin1948.52.3_369. - ^
阿部 勝征 . "津波 地震 とは何 か" [What is a tsunami earthquake].月刊 地球 (in Japanese). 25 (5): 340. - ^ "1771
年 明和 津波 (八重山 地震 津波 )はマグニチュード8の海溝 型 巨大 地震 であった (The 1771 Meiwa Tsunami (Yaeyama Earthquake Tsunami) was a magnitude- 8 subduction earthquake)" (in Japanese). - ^ a b c "The great tsunami of Meiwa" (PDF).
- ^ a b c Goto, Kazuhisa; Kawana, Toshio; Imamura, Fumihiko (September 2010). "Historical and geological evidence of boulders deposited by tsunamis, southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan". Earth-Science Reviews. 102 (1–2): 77–99. Bibcode:2010ESRv..102...77G. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.06.005.