1938 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
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 County results Heil: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% La Follette: 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Elections in Wisconsin |
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The 1938 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1938. Primary elections were held on September 20, 1938. Incumbent Progressive Governor Philip La Follette was defeated by Republican nominee Julius P. Heil.
Background
[edit]The 1937 special session
[edit]Despite having a high initial popularity, La Follette's reputation had begun to deteriorate as his governorship ran its course. This all culminated in the disastrous 1937 special session, where La Follette attempted to force through a bill without public debate, and without the normal machinery of the legislative process. The bill, decried by critics as dictatorial, would have, among other things, fundamentally altered the system of checks and balances in Wisconsin by making it so that legislation would be written up by the executive and handed to the legislature to either approve or reject. Alongside this, the session passed through legislation reorganizing the state executive branch to remove redundant agencies to improve efficiency. This had been one of the final blows for the establishment, who had begun to talk of electoral fusion to defeat La Follette.
Coalition talks
[edit]At Oshkosh, a committee was established by members of the Democratic, Republican, Union, and Progressive parties in the hope of defeating La Follette. In their goals they aligned with Robert Kirkland Henry, the former Democratic state treasurer, in that goal. Despite the bipartisan nature of this committee, it was still done in opposition to the leadership of both parties. Due to the nature of the primary system in Wisconsin, one candidate could not officially run under multiple party lines, so instead, the candidate would be required to give up one party to run under another, to the coalition hopefuls, that meant the party their candidate got the least votes in.[1]
Henry stood for both the Democratic and Republican nominations as part of a coalition movement designed to defeat Philip La Follette and the Progressive Party. If he had won both nominations, he intended to decline the nomination of the party in whose primary he received fewest votes.[1][2]
Primary election
[edit]Progressive party
[edit]Candidates
[edit]- Philip La Follette, incumbent Governor
- Glenn P. Turner, Socialist nominee for Attorney General of Wisconsin in 1930 and 1934
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive | Philip La Follette (incumbent) | 136,291 | 80.21% | |
| Progressive | Glenn P. Turner | 33,631 | 19.79% | |
| Total votes | 169,922 | 100.00% | ||
Republican party
[edit]Candidates
[edit]- Julius P. Heil, industrialist[2][5]
- Robert Kirkland Henry, former Wisconsin State Treasurer (1933–1937)
- Clun L. Miller, insurance counsellor[6]
- James G. Peterson, farmer[7]
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Julius P. Heil | 126,820 | 55.83% | |
| Republican | Robert Kirkland Henry | 73,348 | 32.29% | |
| Republican | James G. Peterson | 20,262 | 8.92% | |
| Republican | Clun L. Miller | 6,729 | 2.96% | |
| Total votes | 227,159 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic party
[edit]Candidates
[edit]- Jerome F. Fox, former state representative from Calumet (1931–1935)
- Robert Kirkland Henry, former Wisconsin State Treasurer (1933–1937) (withdrew)
- Edward Ihlenfeldt, unsuccessful candidate for Democratic nomination for Secretary of State of Wisconsin in 1934
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Robert Kirkland Henry | 64,363 | 51.15% | |
| Democratic | Jerome F. Fox | 50,497 | 40.13% | |
| Democratic | Edward Ihlenfeldt | 10,984 | 6.73% | |
| Total votes | 125,844 | 100.00% | ||
Aftermath
[edit]Henry won the Democratic nomination but lost the Republican nomination to Julius P. Heil. On October 1, 1938, Henry withdrew from the election in favour of Heil.[10] On October 7, 1938, the Democratic state central committee met and nominated State Senator Harry W. Bolens, another proponent of a coalition, to replace Henry on the Democratic ticket.[11][12]
Union party
[edit]Candidates
[edit]- Frank W. Smith
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Union | Frank W. Smith | 2,553 | 100.00% | |
| Total votes | 2,553 | 100.00% | ||
General election
[edit]Candidates
[edit]Major party candidates
- Harry W. Bolens, Democratic
- Julius P. Heil, Republican
- Philip La Follette, Progressive
Other candidates
- John Schleier, Jr., Independent Socialist Labor
- Frank W. Smith, Union
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Julius P. Heil | 543,675 | 55.39% | +25.97% | |
| Progressive | Philip La Follette (incumbent) | 353,381 | 36.00% | −10.37% | |
| Democratic | Harry W. Bolens | 78,446 | 7.99% | −13.71% | |
| Union | Frank W. Smith | 4,564 | 0.47% | −1.79% | |
| Socialist Labor[a] | John Schleier, Jr. | 1,459 | 0.15% | +0.01% | |
| Scattering[b] | 35 | 0.00% | |||
| Majority | 190,294 | 19.39% | |||
| Total votes | 981,560 | 100.00% | |||
| Republican gain from Progressive | Swing | +36.34% | |||
Results by county
[edit]Iron County voted for the losing candidate for the first time in this election. Adams County, Burnett County, Jackson County, and Washburn County all voted for the losing candidate for the first time since 1892.
| County[13][14] | Julius P. Heil Republican |
Philip La Follette Progressive |
Harry W. Bolens Democratic |
All Others Various |
Margin[c] | Total votes cast | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adams | 1,180 | 44.13% | 1,379 | 51.57% | 104 | 3.89% | 11 | 0.41% | -199 | -7.44% | 2,674 |
| Ashland | 3,100 | 43.50% | 3,447 | 48.37% | 538 | 7.55% | 42 | 0.59% | -347 | -4.87% | 7,127 |
| Barron | 5,329 | 56.28% | 3,733 | 39.43% | 356 | 3.76% | 50 | 0.53% | 1,596 | 16.86% | 9,468 |
| Bayfield | 2,197 | 37.83% | 3,363 | 57.90% | 227 | 3.91% | 21 | 0.36% | -1,166 | -20.08% | 5,808 |
| Brown | 11,290 | 51.39% | 6,735 | 30.66% | 3,819 | 17.38% | 124 | 0.56% | 4,555 | 20.73% | 21,968 |
| Buffalo | 2,231 | 48.65% | 2,225 | 48.52% | 117 | 2.55% | 13 | 0.28% | 6 | 0.13% | 4,586 |
| Burnett | 1,417 | 39.46% | 1,964 | 54.69% | 176 | 4.90% | 34 | 0.95% | -547 | -15.23% | 3,591 |
| Calumet | 4,154 | 64.17% | 1,679 | 25.94% | 624 | 9.64% | 16 | 0.25% | 2,475 | 38.24% | 6,473 |
| Chippewa | 7,733 | 63.59% | 3,943 | 32.42% | 457 | 3.76% | 28 | 0.23% | 3,790 | 31.17% | 12,161 |
| Clark | 3,469 | 64.34% | 2,907 | 28.91% | 600 | 5.97% | 79 | 0.79% | 3,562 | 35.43% | 10,055 |
| Columbia | 6,358 | 57.00% | 4,176 | 37.44% | 601 | 5.39% | 20 | 0.18% | 2,182 | 19.56% | 11,155 |
| Crawford | 3,558 | 56.31% | 1,610 | 25.48% | 1,026 | 16.24% | 125 | 1.98% | 1,948 | 30.83% | 6,319 |
| Dane | 18,279 | 47.48% | 18,508 | 48.08% | 1,611 | 4.18% | 98 | 0.25% | -229 | -0.59% | 38,496 |
| Dodge | 11,432 | 64.75% | 4,444 | 25.17% | 1,729 | 9.79% | 51 | 0.29% | 6,988 | 39.58% | 17,656 |
| Door | 3,318 | 68.02% | 1,266 | 25.95% | 251 | 5.15% | 43 | 0.88% | 2,052 | 42.07% | 4,878 |
| Douglas | 8,422 | 42.93% | 9,508 | 48.47% | 1,515 | 7.72% | 173 | 0.88% | -1,086 | -5.54% | 19,618 |
| Dunn | 4,934 | 60.97% | 2,947 | 36.41% | 196 | 2.42% | 16 | 0.20% | 1,987 | 24.55% | 8,093 |
| Eau Claire | 7,117 | 53.57% | 5,599 | 42.14% | 532 | 4.00% | 38 | 0.29% | 1,518 | 11.43% | 13,286 |
| Florence | 760 | 40.69% | 977 | 52.30% | 111 | 5.94% | 20 | 1.07% | -217 | -11.62% | 1,868 |
| Fond du Lac | 12,255 | 61.76% | 4,896 | 24.67% | 2,544 | 12.82% | 148 | 0.75% | 7,359 | 37.09% | 19,843 |
| Forest | 1,687 | 42.09% | 1,798 | 44.86% | 495 | 12.35% | 28 | 0.70% | -111 | -2.77% | 4,008 |
| Grant | 7,357 | 59.55% | 3,983 | 32.24% | 960 | 7.77% | 54 | 0.44% | 3,374 | 27.31% | 12,354 |
| Green | 4,270 | 55.07% | 2,984 | 38.48% | 251 | 3.24% | 249 | 3.21% | 1,286 | 16.58% | 7,754 |
| Green Lake | 3,657 | 67.13% | 1,147 | 21.05% | 624 | 11.45% | 20 | 0.37% | 2,510 | 46.07% | 5,448 |
| Iowa | 3,479 | 58.46% | 2,048 | 34.41% | 407 | 6.84% | 17 | 0.29% | 1,431 | 24.05% | 5,951 |
| Iron | 1,774 | 38.67% | 2,628 | 57.28% | 175 | 3.81% | 11 | 0.24% | -854 | -18.61% | 4,588 |
| Jackson | 2,267 | 47.26% | 2,274 | 47.40% | 240 | 5.00% | 16 | 0.33% | -7 | -0.15% | 4,797 |
| Jefferson | 8,324 | 64.07% | 3,385 | 26.05% | 1,244 | 9.58% | 39 | 0.30% | 4,939 | 38.02% | 12,992 |
| Juneau | 3,800 | 55.50% | 2,588 | 37.80% | 446 | 6.51% | 13 | 0.19% | 1,212 | 17.70% | 6,847 |
| Kenosha | 10,853 | 47.24% | 10,182 | 44.32% | 1,830 | 7.97% | 108 | 0.47% | 671 | 2.92% | 22,973 |
| Kewaunee | 3,972 | 66.01% | 1,276 | 21.21% | 736 | 12.23% | 33 | 0.55% | 2,696 | 44.81% | 6,017 |
| La Crosse | 10,946 | 59.19% | 6,624 | 35.82% | 892 | 4.82% | 32 | 0.17% | 4,322 | 23.37% | 18,494 |
| Lafayette | 3,948 | 52.17% | 2,548 | 33.67% | 1,059 | 13.99% | 12 | 0.16% | 1,400 | 18.50% | 7,567 |
| Langlade | 3,833 | 46.55% | 3,091 | 37.53% | 1,265 | 15.36% | 46 | 0.56% | 742 | 9.01% | 8,235 |
| Lincoln | 4,356 | 54.15% | 3,309 | 41.13% | 337 | 4.19% | 43 | 0.53% | 1,047 | 13.01% | 8,045 |
| Manitowoc | 10,391 | 52.76% | 6,997 | 35.53% | 1,955 | 9.93% | 350 | 1.78% | 3,394 | 17.23% | 19,693 |
| Marathon | 12,310 | 57.85% | 7,198 | 33.83% | 1,643 | 7.72% | 127 | 0.60% | 5,112 | 24.02% | 21,278 |
| Marinette | 6,370 | 56.78% | 3,657 | 32.60% | 1,149 | 10.24% | 42 | 0.37% | 2,713 | 24.18% | 11,218 |
| Marquette | 2,355 | 70.15% | 733 | 21.83% | 262 | 7.80% | 7 | 0.21% | 1,622 | 48.32% | 3,357 |
| Milwaukee | 118,617 | 51.94% | 87,916 | 38.50% | 20,272 | 8.88% | 1,575 | 0.69% | 30,701 | 13.44% | 228,380 |
| Monroe | 5,529 | 59.07% | 3,478 | 37.16% | 333 | 3.56% | 20 | 0.21% | 2,051 | 21.91% | 9,360 |
| Oconto | 4,800 | 52.67% | 3,169 | 34.77% | 1,087 | 11.93% | 58 | 0.64% | 1,631 | 17.90% | 9,114 |
| Oneida | 3,303 | 47.13% | 3,261 | 46.53% | 400 | 5.71% | 45 | 0.64% | 42 | 0.60% | 7,009 |
| Outagamie | 12,365 | 63.40% | 4,658 | 23.88% | 2,031 | 10.41% | 450 | 2.31% | 7,707 | 39.51% | 19,504 |
| Ozaukee | 4,143 | 63.52% | 1,464 | 22.45% | 884 | 13.55% | 31 | 0.48% | 2,679 | 41.08% | 6,522 |
| Pepin | 1,494 | 59.52% | 869 | 34.62% | 145 | 5.78% | 2 | 0.08% | 625 | 24.90% | 2,510 |
| Pierce | 3,249 | 51.38% | 2,770 | 43.80% | 229 | 3.62% | 76 | 1.20% | 479 | 7.57% | 6,324 |
| Polk | 3,323 | 44.59% | 3,876 | 52.01% | 217 | 2.91% | 37 | 0.50% | -553 | -7.42% | 7,453 |
| Portage | 5,243 | 46.06% | 4,068 | 35.73% | 2,024 | 17.78% | 49 | 0.43% | 1,175 | 10.32% | 11,384 |
| Price | 3,427 | 52.30% | 2,664 | 40.65% | 423 | 6.46% | 39 | 0.60% | 763 | 11.64% | 6,553 |
| Racine | 16,764 | 52.01% | 12,850 | 39.86% | 2,516 | 7.81% | 105 | 0.33% | 3,914 | 12.14% | 32,235 |
| Richland | 4,250 | 73.01% | 1,276 | 21.92% | 283 | 4.86% | 12 | 0.21% | 2,974 | 51.09% | 5,821 |
| Rock | 15,612 | 59.68% | 9,051 | 34.60% | 1,454 | 5.56% | 41 | 0.16% | 6,561 | 25.08% | 26,158 |
| Rusk | 3,011 | 56.31% | 1,997 | 37.35% | 314 | 5.87% | 25 | 0.47% | 1,014 | 18.96% | 5,347 |
| Sauk | 6,654 | 58.71% | 4,227 | 37.29% | 434 | 3.83% | 19 | 0.17% | 2,427 | 21.41% | 11,334 |
| Sawyer | 2,131 | 52.72% | 1,465 | 36.24% | 439 | 10.86% | 7 | 0.17% | 666 | 16.48% | 4,042 |
| Shawano | 5,518 | 58.29% | 3,422 | 36.15% | 489 | 5.17% | 37 | 0.39% | 2,096 | 22.14% | 9,466 |
| Sheboygan | 14,616 | 66.31% | 3,705 | 16.81% | 3,418 | 15.51% | 304 | 1.38% | 10,911 | 49.50% | 22,043 |
| St. Croix | 3,836 | 47.06% | 3,543 | 43.47% | 699 | 8.58% | 73 | 0.90% | 293 | 3.59% | 8,151 |
| Taylor | 2,762 | 45.56% | 2,792 | 46.06% | 454 | 7.49% | 54 | 0.89% | -30 | -0.49% | 6,062 |
| Trempealeau | 3,502 | 48.87% | 3,168 | 44.21% | 479 | 6.68% | 17 | 0.24% | 334 | 4.66% | 7,166 |
| Vernon | 5,327 | 60.34% | 3,234 | 36.63% | 249 | 2.82% | 19 | 0.22% | 2,093 | 23.71% | 8,829 |
| Vilas | 2,047 | 52.33% | 1,548 | 39.57% | 306 | 7.82% | 11 | 0.28% | 499 | 12.76% | 3,912 |
| Walworth | 8,211 | 74.66% | 2,203 | 20.03% | 563 | 5.12% | 21 | 0.19% | 6,008 | 45.63% | 10,998 |
| Washburn | 1,880 | 45.45% | 2,081 | 50.31% | 160 | 3.87% | 15 | 0.36% | -201 | -4.86% | 4,136 |
| Washington | 7,594 | 70.38% | 2,356 | 21.84% | 793 | 7.35% | 47 | 0.44% | 5,238 | 48.54% | 10,790 |
| Waukesha | 15,363 | 71.55% | 5,198 | 24.21% | 861 | 4.01% | 49 | 0.23% | 10,165 | 47.34% | 21,471 |
| Waupaca | 7,502 | 64.41% | 3,720 | 31.94% | 385 | 3.31% | 40 | 0.34% | 3,782 | 32.47% | 11,647 |
| Waushara | 3,592 | 69.06% | 1,449 | 27.86% | 150 | 2.88% | 10 | 0.19% | 2,143 | 41.20% | 5,201 |
| Winnebago | 14,020 | 60.40% | 6,845 | 29.49% | 2,083 | 8.97% | 264 | 1.14% | 7,175 | 30.91% | 23,212 |
| Wood | 6,508 | 51.30% | 5,302 | 41.79% | 768 | 6.05% | 109 | 0.86% | 1,206 | 9.51% | 12,687 |
| Total | 543,675 | 55.39% | 353,381 | 36.00% | 78,446 | 7.99% | 6,058 | 0.62% | 190,294 | 19.39% | 981,560 |
Counties that flipped from Progressive to Republican
[edit]- Barron
- Brown
- Buffalo
- Calumet
- Clark
- Columbia
- Crawford
- Door
- Dunn
- Eau Claire
- Grant
- Green
- Iowa
- Jefferson
- Juneau
- Kenosha
- Kewaunee
- La Crosse
- Lafayette
- Langlade
- Lincoln
- Manitowoc
- Marathon
- Marinette
- Milwaukee
- Monroe
- Oconto
- Oneida
- Outagamie
- Ozaukee
- Pepin
- Pierce
- Portage
- Price
- Racine
- Rusk
- Sauk
- Sawyer
- Shawano
- St. Croix
- Trempealeau
- Vernon
- Vilas
- Washington
- Waukesha
- Waupaca
- Wood
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Oshkosh men are active at session of coalitionists". The Oshkosh Northwestern. Oshkosh, Wisconsin. November 22, 1937. p. 5. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ a b "Primaries: Wisconsin Obstacle Race". Time. New York City: Time Inc. October 3, 1938. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ a b c d The Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library (1940). "Primary Vote For Governor By Counties". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1940. Madison, Wisconsin: Democrat Printing Company. p. 536.
- ^ "WI Governor, 1938 - PRG Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "Democrats Intend To Replace Henry In November Race". The Post-Crescent. Appleton, Wisconsin. October 3, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "Miller Has Engine". The Oshkosh Northwestern. Oshkosh, Wisconsin. September 3, 1938. p. 7. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "'Beat LaFollette' battle cry rings". Marshfield News-Herald. Marshfield, Wisconsin. September 16, 1938. p. 5. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "WI Governor, 1938 - R Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "WI Governor, 1938 - D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "Henry Withdraws In Favor Of Heil". La Crosse Tribune And Leader-Press. La Crosse, Wisconsin. October 2, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "Democrats Favor Harry Bolens for Governor Battle". The Post-Crescent. Appleton, Wisconsin. October 4, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "Dem Party Is Reinforced; In Contest Again". The Capital Times. Madison, Wisconsin. October 8, 1938. p. 3. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ a b Wisconsin Historical Society, Statement of Board of State Canvassers - Election of State Officers - November 8, 1938
- ^ a b The Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library (1940). "Summary Vote For Governor By Counties". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1940. Madison, Wisconsin: Democrat Printing Company. p. 606.
Bibliography
[edit]- Gubernatorial Elections, 1787-1997. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1998. ISBN 1-56802-396-0.
- Ohm, Howard F.; Bryhan, Leone G., eds. (1940). The Wisconsin Blue Book, 1940. State of Wisconsin.