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Xiandai Hanyu Cidian

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A Dictionary of Current Chinese
A Dictionary of Current Chinese, Revised (1996) (Third Edition)
EditorsDictionary Editing Office, Institute of Linguistics,
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国ちゅうごく社会しゃかい科学かがく院いん语言研究所けんきゅうじょ词典编辑室しつ)
LanguageChinese
GenreDictionary
PublisherCommercial Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press (Chinese-English Bilingual Edition, 2002[1])
Publication date
December 1978 (1st edition)
September 2016 (7th edition)
Publication placeChina
Pages1894 pages
ISBN9787100124508

Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (simplified Chinese: 现代汉语词典; traditional Chinese: 現代げんだい漢語かんご詞し典てん; pinyin: Xiàndài Hànyǔ Cídiǎn; lit. 'Modern Han Language Word Dictionary'), also known as A Dictionary of Current Chinese[2] or Contemporary Chinese Dictionary,[1] is an important[note 1] one-volume dictionary of Standard Mandarin Chinese published by the Commercial Press, now into its 7th (2016) edition. It was originally edited by Lü Shuxiang and Ding Shengshu as a reference work on modern Standard Mandarin Chinese. Compilation started in 1958 and trial editions were issued in 1960 and 1965, with a number of copies printed in 1973 for internal circulation and comments, but due to the Cultural Revolution the final draft was not completed until the end of 1977, and the first formal edition was not published until December 1978. It was the first People's Republic of China dictionary to be arranged according to Hanyu Pinyin, the phonetic standard for Standard Mandarin Chinese, with explanatory notes in simplified Chinese. The subsequent second through seventh editions were respectively published in 1983 (Reorganized Edition- now seen as the '2nd edition'), 1996 (Revised Edition- now seen as the '3rd edition'), 2002 (2002 Supplemental Edition- now seen as the '4th edition'), 2005 (5th edition), 2012 (6th edition) and 2016 (7th edition).

In 1994, A Dictionary of Current Chinese won China's First National Book Award.[4] The seventh edition contains about 70,000 entries including characters, words and expressions, idiomatic phrases and idioms. The dictionary is also available in digital format on CD-ROMs and Traditional Chinese digital versions.

Xiandai Hanyu Cidian was consulted in the writing of The First Series of Standardized Forms of Words with Non-standardized Variant Forms.[5]: 3 

Editions

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Edition Release date Number of entries ISBN
Trial Printing Edition (试印本ほん) 1960[6]: 188  -
Trial Edition (试用本ほん) 1965 -
Reprinting of 1965 Trial Edition (试用本ほん) 1977 National Standard Book Number of China [zh] 17017·91[7]
(1st) 1978 56,000
Reorganization (重じゅう排はい本ほん) (2nd) 1983 56,000 ISBN 7-100-00044-0
Revised (修おさむ订本) (3rd) 1996 60,000 ISBN 9787100017770
Traditional Characters Version, Edition 1 (繁體字はんたいじ版ばん 第だい1版はん) July 2001 ISBN 9620702115
2002 Supplement (2002年ねん增ぞう补本) (4th) 2002 61,000 ISBN 9787100034777
Chinese-English Bilingual Edition[1] 2002 ISBN 9787560031958
5th 26 July 2005 65,000 ISBN 9787100043854
6th 1 June 2012 69,000 ISBN 9787100084673
7th 1 September 2016 70,000 ISBN 9787100124508

New entries in the 6th edition

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[8]

Type of entries Examples in Chinese (S) Respective Pronunciation (in Pinyin) Remarks Respective English Translation
Economic 产业链, 环比, 负资产, 第だい一いち桶おけ金きん, 民みん营企业, 非ひ公有こうゆう制せい经济, 文化ぶんか产业 chǎnyèliàn, huánbǐ, fùzīchǎn, dìyītǒngjīn, mínyíng qǐyè, fēigōngyǒuzhì jīngjì, wénhuà chǎnyè supply chain, compared with the last same statistical period, negative equity, first pot of gold, private enterprise, non-common ownership sector, cultural industry
Social management 医い疗保险, 医い改あらため, 民みん调, 首くび问制, 调峰, 限かぎり行ぎょう, 摇号, 调节税ぜい yīliáo bǎoxiǎn, yīgǎi, míndiào, shǒuwènzhì, tiáofēng, xiànxíng, yáohào, tiáojiéshuì health insurance, healthcare reform, opinion poll, first asked responsibility system, peak regulation, driving restriction, (licence plate) lottery, regulatory tax
Daily life 产权证, 房ぼう贷, 群ぐん租, 二に手て房ぼう, 廉れん租房, 两限房ぼう, 动车, 屏へい蔽门, 高こう铁, 轨道交通こうつう, 车贷, 车险, 代だい驾, 酒さけ驾, 醉よい驾 chǎnquánzhèng, fángdài, qúnzū, èrshǒufáng, liánzūfáng, liǎngxiànfáng, dòngchē, píngbìmén, gāotiě, guǐdào jiāotōng, chēdài, chēxiǎn, dàijià, jiǔjià, zuìjià property right certificate, home loan, group-oriented leasing, second-hand home, low-rent housing, apartment with double limitations, multiple unit/power car, platform screen door, high-speed rail, rail transport, car loan, car insurance, designated driving, drunk driving (0.02%<BAC<0.08%), drunk driving (BAC>0.08%)
New lifestyle 拼车, 拼购, 团购, 网购, 网聊, 瘦身, 塑身, 茶ちゃ叙じょ, 自じ驾游, 自助じじょ游ゆう, 背せ包つつみ客きゃく pīnchē, pīngòu, tuángòu, wǎnggòu, wǎngliáo, shòushēn, sùshēn, cháxù, zìjiàyóu, zìzhùyóu, bēibāokè carpooling, shop-pooling, group buying, online shopping, online chatting, slimming, body shaping, tea gathering, self-drive tour, DIY travel, backpacker
IT and Internet 播客, 博ひろし客きゃく, 博文ひろぶみ, 跟帖, 超ちょう媒体ばいたい, 电子书, 电子政せい务, 内うち联网, 物もの联网, 网评, 网瘾, 微ほろ博はく, 云うん计算 bōkè, bókè, bówén, gēntiě, chāoméitǐ, diànzǐshū, diànzǐ zhèngwù, nèiliánwǎng, wùliánwǎng, wǎngpíng, wǎngyǐn, wēibó, yúnjìsuàn podcast, blog, blog post, follow-up thread, hypermedia, e-book, e-government, Intranet, Internet of Things, online comment, Internet addiction, microblog, cloud computing
Starting with letters CPI, PPI, PM2.5, ETC, ECFA, FTA Read according to English pronunciation Native terms: 居きょ民みん消しょう费价格かく指数しすう,[9] 工こう业生产者出で厂价格かく指数しすう, 细颗粒つぶ物ぶつ, 电子不ふ停とま车收费, 海峡かいきょう两岸经济合作がっさく框かまち架か协议, 自由じゆう贸易协定 CPI, PPI, PM2.5, ETC, ECFA, FTA (Free-trade Agreement)
Loanwords from English 晒さらし, 博ひろし客きゃく, 微ほろ博はく, 丁ちょう克かつ, 粉こな丝, 嘉よしみ年ねん华, 桑くわ拿, 舍しゃ宾, 斯诺克かつ, 脱だつ口くち秀しゅう shài, bókè, wēibó, dīngkè, fěnsī, jiāniánhuá, sāngná, shěbīn, sīnuòkè, tuōkǒuxiù 微ほろ博はく < 微ほろ (micro-) + abbr. of 博ひろし客きゃく, 粉こな丝 < "fans" share (to tell to another), blog, microblog, DINK, fan, carnival, sauna, shaping (sport) [ru], snooker, talk show
Loanwords from Japanese 刺身さしみ, 定食ていしょく, 寿司すし, 天てん妇罗, 榻榻米まい, 通勤つうきん, 手て帐, 数かず独どく cìshēn, dìngshí, shòusī, tiānfùluō, tàtàmǐ, tōngqín, shǒuzhàng, shùdú Original forms and readings (in Japanese): sashimi (刺身さしみ), teishoku (定食ていしょく), sushi (寿司すし), tenpura (天てん婦ふ羅ら), tatami (畳たたみ), tsūkin (通勤つうきん), techō (手帳てちょう), sūdoku (数かず独どく) sashimi, teishoku (set meal), sushi, tempura, tatami, commute, diary/appointment book, sudoku
Terms from Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau 八卦はっけ, 搞掂 (or 搞定), 狗いぬ仔こ队, 无厘头, 手て信しんじ, 饮茶 bāguà, gǎodiān (or gǎodìng), gǒuzǎiduì, wúlítóu, shǒuxìn, yǐnchá gossip, fixed/handled, paparazzi, funky, souvenir, yum cha
Terms from Taiwan 软体, 硬かた体からだ, 网路, 数すう位い, 太ふとし空そら人じん, 幽かそけ浮, 捷とし运, 呛声, 力ちから挺てい, 糗, 出で糗, 拜はい票ひょう, 谢票, 站台 ruǎntǐ, yìngtǐ, wǎnglù, shùwèi, tàikōngrén, yōufú, jiéyùn, qiàngshēng, lìtǐng, qiǔ, chūqiǔ, bàipiào, xièpiào, zhàntái software, hardware, network, digital, astronaut, UFO, rapid transit, provoke, in support of, embarrassing, make a fool of oneself, Canvass for votes, thank for votes, show up and support

Traditional Chinese edition

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A traditional Chinese edition was published in 2001 by the Commercial Press (Hong Kong). It contains about 60,000 entries, with all entries labeled with Zhuyin alongside Hanyu Pinyin.

  • 現代げんだい漢語かんご詞し典てん（繁しげる體からだ版ばん） [A Dictionary of Current Chinese (Traditional Chinese edition)]. 2001. ISBN 9789620702112.
  • 現代げんだい漢語かんご詞し典てん－繁しげる體からだ版ばん光ひかり盤ばん [A Dictionary of Current Chinese - Traditional Chinese CD-ROM Version]. ISBN 9789620702143.

Controversies

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Xiandai Hanyu Cidian had given discriminatory explanations to certain words and phrases. An example was the word "homosexuality" (simplified Chinese: 同性どうせい恋こい; traditional Chinese: 同性どうせい戀こい; pinyin: tóngxìngliàn). From the first edition in the 1970s (the entry in that edition is 同性どうせい恋こい爱 tóngxìng liàn'ài - literally 'same-sex love')[10] to the fifth edition in 2005 of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian, the definition of the term had been "determined" as "a type of psychological perversion".[11] In the 2012 6th edition & 2016 7th edition, the term was redefined as "sexual behaviour between persons of the same sex".[12][13]

In the sixth edition, even though it contains a large number of new vocabulary, the word 同志どうし Tóngzhì ("comrade") which is an informal term for "a homosexual person", was not included in the dictionary.[14] This could be because the term is often construed as a sarcastic reference to the Chinese Communist Party, according to Sociology Professor Ding Xueliang [zh] of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.[14] The original term is a common form of political address in China, e.g. Comrade Hu Jintao, Comrade Wen Jiabao.[14]

Some detractors complained that "Entries starting with the Western alphabet" section in the 6th edition allegedly violated the regulation - "Chinese language publications shall comply with the norms and standards of the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese language" in laws such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language [zh] and Publication Control Regulations of the State Council (State Council Act No. 594). The act of using English vocabulary in the main body of a Chinese dictionary, and using English to substitute for Chinese characters, according to these detractors, will cause the greatest damage to the Chinese characters since the romanization of Chinese, and will have a long-term negative impact on the language.[15]

The publisher, the Commercial Press, replied that the section is meant just for easy references when looking up the dictionary. The Commercial Press says that according to a rule stated in a 2010 document by the State Council Office Secretariat, alphabetical entries recorded in Chinese dictionaries written by state authorities did not have corresponding Chinese translations. Hence, it is absolutely fine to include them in dictionaries.[16]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Used in the compilation of a list of official pronunciations for the Putonghua Proficiency Test.[3]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c Chinese Academy of Sciences, ed. (2002). 现代汉语词典 [Contemporary Chinese Dictionary] (Chinese-English Bilingual ed.). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. ISBN 9787560031958.
  2. ^ from Simplified Chinese Preface: "{...}商しょう务印书馆出版しゅっぱん的てき汉语词典，如《现代汉语词典》{...}" which translated in the English Preface reads: "{...}The Commercial Press's Chinese dictionaries such as A Dictionary of Current Chinese{...}" 精せい选汉英えい词典 [Concise Chinese-English Dictionary] (Fourth ed.). Oxford University Press and The Commercial Press. 2010.
  3. ^ 《普通ふつう话水平すいへい测试实施纲要》 [Program for Implementing the Putonghua Proficiency Test] (1st ed.). Beijing: The Commercial Press. 2004. p. 43. ISBN 7-100-03996-7. 本ほん表ひょう参照さんしょう{...}中国ちゅうごく社会しゃかい科学かがく院いん语言研究所けんきゅうじょ编辑的てき《现代汉语词典》(1996年ねん7月がつ修おさむ订第三さん版はん)编制。
  4. ^ Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed. (2016-09-01). 《现代汉语词典（第だい七なな版はん）》 [A Dictionary of Current Chinese] (Seventh ed.). Beijing: The Commercial Press. p. 0 (page directly in front of page 1 of the lists of editors). ISBN 978-7-100-12450-8. 1994年ねん第だい一届国家图书奖
  5. ^ 国家こっか语言文字もじ工作こうさく委い员会 (20 April 2016). 第だい一批异形词整理表（试行） (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 27 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  6. ^ 現代げんだい漢語かんご詞し典てん五ご十じゅう年ねん [Fifty years - A Dictionary of Current Chinese]. 2004. ISBN 7100042178.
  7. ^ Chinese Academy of Sciences, ed. (October 1977) [September 1973]. 现代汉语词典 [A Dictionary of Current Chinese] (in Chinese) (Probationary ed.). Beijing: The Commercial Press. 统一书号 (National Standard Book Number of China) [zh] 17017·91.
  8. ^ 3,000 New Entries Added to the Most Popular Chinese Dictionary [1]
  9. ^ 什么是ぜ居きょ民みん消しょう费价格かく指数しすう（CPI）？ (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  10. ^ Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed. (October 1977) [September 1973]. 现代汉语词典 [A Dictionary of Current Chinese] (in Chinese) (Probationary ed.). Beijing: The Commercial Press. p. 1029. 统一书号 (National Standard Book Number of China) [统一书号] 17017·91. 同性どうせい恋こい爱 tóngxìng liàn'ài 男子だんし和わ男子だんし或ある女子じょし和わ女子じょし之の間あいだ发生的てき恋こい爱关系けい，是ぜ一いち种心理しんり变态。
  11. ^ 现代汉语词典(第だい五ご版はん) [A Dictionary of Current Chinese (Fifth Edition)]. Beijing: The Commercial Press. June 2005. p. 1368. ISBN 978-7-100-04385-4. 同性どうせい恋こい tóngxìngliàn 名めい 同性どうせい别的人じん之の间的性せい爱行为,属ぞく于性心理しんり障碍しょうがい。
  12. ^ Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed. (June 2012). 现代汉语词典 [A Dictionary of Current Chinese] (Sixth ed.). Beijing: The Commercial Press. p. 1306. ISBN 978-7-100-09354-5. Archived from the original on 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2018-04-09. 同性どうせい恋こい tóngxìngliàn 名めい 同性どうせい别的人じん之の间的性せい爱行为。
  13. ^ Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed. (1 September 2016). 现代汉语词典(第だい七なな版はん) [A Dictionary of Current Chinese] (Seventh ed.). Beijing: The Commercial Press. p. 1314. ISBN 978-7-100-12450-8. 同性どうせい恋こい tóngxìngliàn 名めい 同性どうせい别的人じん之の间的性せい爱行为。
  14. ^ a b c "《现代汉语词典》拒こばめ收おさむ"同志どうし"引发热议". BBC News (in Simplified Chinese). 2012-07-18. Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
  15. ^ "Hundreds of researchers reported new edition of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian for violating the law". Archived from the original on 2014-03-05. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
  16. ^ "Entries like 'NBA' included in Xiandai Hanyu Cidian allegedly broke the law - Reply: Baseless Accusations". ifeng.com. 29 August 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-08-29. Retrieved 2012-08-30.

Sources

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  • Fifty years - A Dictionary of Current Chinese (Chinese: 現代げんだい漢語かんご詞し典てん五ご十じゅう年ねん). ISBN 7100042178.
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