Beta Aquarii
Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
---|---|
Constellation | Aquarius |
Right ascension | 21h 31m 33.53171s[1] |
Declination | –05° 34′ 16.2320″[1] |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 2.87[2] |
Characteristics | |
Spectral type | G0 Ib[3] |
U−B color index | +0.58[2] |
B−V color index | +0.84[2] |
Astrometry | |
Radial velocity (Rv) | 6.451±0.0627[4] km/s |
Proper motion ( | RA: +18.77[1] mas/yr Dec.: −8.21[1] mas/yr |
Parallax ( | 5.9728 ± 0.2147 mas[5] |
Distance | 541.55+18.39 −15.49 ly (166.12+5.64 −4.75 pc)[6] |
Absolute magnitude (MV) | −3.04[7] |
Details[8] | |
Mass | 4.97±0.10 – 6.3[9] M☉ |
Radius | 47.88+1.68 −1.81 R☉ |
Luminosity | 2046±180 L☉ |
Surface gravity (log g) | 2.05[10] cgs |
Temperature | 5608±71 K |
Metallicity [Fe/H] | –0.03[11] dex |
Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 6.3±1.3[12] km/s |
Age | 56[9] – 110±10 Myr |
Other designations | |
Database references | |
SIMBAD | data |
Beta Aquarii is a single[14] star in the constellation of Aquarius. It has the official name Sadalsuud (/ˌsædəlˈsuːəd/)[15] and the Bayer designation
Nomenclature
[edit]It bore the traditional name Sadalsuud, from an Arabic expression سعد السعود (sa‘d al-su‘ūd), the "luck of lucks". Other spellings that were sometimes encountered were Sad es Saud, Sadalsund, and Saad el Sund. In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, this star was designated Nir Saad al Saaoud, which was translated into Latin as Lucida Fortunæ Fortunarum (rather identic with R.H. Allen), meaning the brightest of luck of lucks.[17] The International Astronomical Union Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[18] has approved the name Sadalsuud for the primary or 'A' component.[15]
In Chinese,
Sadalsuud is found in Hindu texts as Kalpeny and, in the context of the ancient Indian system of astronomy, Jyotisha Veda, is located in the 23rd Nakshatra Shravishthā, a lunar mansion which is ruled by Eight vasus - the "deities of earthly abundance" . On the Euphrates, Sadalsuud was known as Kakkab Nammax, the Star of Mighty Destiny; that may have given origin to the title of the manzil, as well as to the astrologers' name for it — Fortuna Fortunarum.[21]
Properties
[edit]X-ray emissions from the corona of this star have been detected using the Chandra X-ray Observatory; among the first such detections of X-rays for a G-type supergiant. A secondary X-ray source discovered near Beta Aquarii probably has an extragalactic origin.[12] This star belongs to a group of three intermediate mass stars with a space velocity that is carrying them perpendicular to the plane of the galaxy. The other members of this grouping are Alpha Aquarii and Eta Pegasi.[12]
Optical companions
[edit]Component | Magnitude | RA | Dec |
B | 11.0 | 21h 31m 31.9s | −05° 33′ 46″ |
C | 11.6 | 21h 31m 33.0s | −05° 35′ 10″ |
In mythology
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Aquarius_et_Capricornus_-_Mercator.jpeg/260px-Aquarius_et_Capricornus_-_Mercator.jpeg)
In the context of older worldviews (i.e. Egyptian, Persian and Islamic mythology), Sadalsuud relates to the rising of the Sun when winter has passed (March) and the season of gentle, continuous rain has begun.[21] Hence the myth of "luck" or "good fortune" was seen as closely aligned with the essence of spring itself, the burgeoning of new life, and by extension agriculture, which in all societies is the very foundation of prosperity or "good fortune". This mythological view of "the luck of the lucks" also belongs to the 22d Manzil (Arabic Lunar Mansion), which included the two stars Xi Aquarii (Bunda) and 46 Capricorni.[21][a]
In Chinese mythology,
Notes
[edit]- ^
β Aqr as Nir Saad al Saaoud or Lucida Fortunæ Fortunarum (the brightest of luck of lucks) and Xi Aquarii as Thanih Saad al Saaoud or Secunda Fortunæ Fortunarum (the second of luck of lucks). 46 Capricorni should be Thalath Fortunæ Fortunarum or Tertia Fortunæ Fortunarum (the third of luck of lucks) consistently, but Al Achsasi Al Mouakket was not designated the title for this star with uncleared consideration. Possibly according to the differences of opinion with R.H.Allen.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
- ^ a b c d Johnson, H. L.; et al. (1966). "UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars". Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. 4 (99): 99. Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J.
- ^ a b Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973). "Spectral Classification". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 11: 29. Bibcode:1973ARA&A..11...29M. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333.
- ^ a b Soubiran, C.; et al. (2018). "Gaia Data Release 2. The catalogue of radial velocity standard stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 616: 8. arXiv:1804.09370. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...7S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832795. S2CID 52952408. A7.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Fouesneau, M.; Demleitner, M.; Andrae, R. (2021). "Estimating Distances from Parallaxes. V. Geometric and Photogeometric Distances to 1.47 Billion Stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (3): 147. arXiv:2012.05220. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..147B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd806. S2CID 228063812. Data about this star can be seen here.
- ^ Huang, W.; et al. (2012). "A catalogue of Paschen-line profiles in standard stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 547: A62. arXiv:1210.7893. Bibcode:2012A&A...547A..62H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219804. S2CID 119286159.
- ^ a b Baines, Ellyn K.; et al. (2018). "Fundamental Parameters of 87 Stars from the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer". The Astronomical Journal. 155 (1). 30. arXiv:1712.08109. Bibcode:2018AJ....155...30B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9d8b.
- ^ a b c d Lyubimkov, Leonid S.; Lambert, David L.; Korotin, Sergey A.; Rachkovskaya, Tamara M.; Poklad, Dmitry B. (2015-02-01), "Carbon abundance and the N/C ratio in atmospheres of A-, F- and G-type supergiants and bright giants", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 446 (4): 3447–3460, arXiv:1411.2722, Bibcode:2015MNRAS.446.3447L, doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2299, ISSN 1365-2966
- ^ Smiljanic, R.; et al. (April 2006). "CNO in evolved intermediate mass stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 449 (2): 655–671. arXiv:astro-ph/0511329. Bibcode:2006A&A...449..655S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054377. S2CID 3711409.
- ^ Soubiran, C.; et al. (2008). "Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 480 (1): 91–101. arXiv:0712.1370. Bibcode:2008A&A...480...91S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078788. S2CID 16602121.
- ^ a b c Ayres, Thomas R.; Brown, Alexander; Harper, Graham M. (July 2005). "Chandra Observations of Coronal Emission from the Early G Supergiants
α andβ Aquarii". The Astrophysical Journal. 627 (1): L53–L56. Bibcode:2005ApJ...627L..53A. doi:10.1086/431977. S2CID 122519436. - ^ "bet Aqr -- Star in double system". SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ a b Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (September 2008). "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 389 (2): 869–879. arXiv:0806.2878. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x. S2CID 14878976.
- ^ a b "Naming Stars". IAU.org. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ Scarfe, C. D. (1985). "The zero-point of the I
AU standard velocity system". In Haynes, D. S.; et al. (eds.). Calibration of fundamental stellar quantities, IAU Symposium held at Villa Olmo, Como, Italy, May 24-29, 1984. Vol. 111. pp. 583–586. Bibcode:1985IAUS..111..583S. - ^ Knobel, E. B. (June 1895). "Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 55: 429. Bibcode:1895MNRAS..55..429K. doi:10.1093/mnras/55.8.429.
- ^ "I
AU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 22 May 2016. - ^
陳 久 金 (2005).中國 星座 神話 . 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7. - ^ "
香港 太 空 館 -研究 資源 -亮 星 中 英 對照 表 ]". Hong Kong Space Museum. Archived from the original on 2010-08-18. Retrieved November 23, 2010. - ^ a b c d Allen, Richard H. (1963). "Aquarius, the Waterman". Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning. Dover Publications. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ Garrison, R. F. (December 1993). "Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 25: 1319. Bibcode:1993AAS...183.1710G. Archived from the original on 2019-06-25. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "The Colour of Stars". Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. December 21, 2004. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
- ^ a b "CCDM (Catalog of Components of Double & Multiple stars) (Dommanget+ 2002)". VizieR. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ a b "Sadalsuud". Alcyone Bright Star Catalogue. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
External links
[edit]- An Atlas of the Universe: Multiple Star Orbits
- Harvard Map Collection The Mercator Globes
- Image
β Aquarii