Beylik of Titteri
Beylik of the Centre بايلك التيطري (Arabic) | |
|---|---|
 The Beyliks of the Regency of Algiers | |
| Capital | Médéa |
| Largest city | Blida |
| Official languages | |
| Ethnic groups | Majority: Arab-Berbers Minorities Maghrebi Jews Janissaries |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Demonym(s) | Titteri |
| Government | Autonomous governorate |
| Establishment | |
• Establishment of the Beyliks | 1546 |
| 1830 | |
• End of the Beylik of Titteri | 1834 |
| Today part of | Algeria |
The Beylik of Titteri (Arabic : bâylik at-Tîtrî) was one of the three permanent Beyliks of the Regency of Algiers, the other two being the Western Beylik, and the Beylik of Constantine. It was established in 1546 and was ended during the French conquest of Algeria.[1]
History
[edit]Arudj Barbarossa annexed Médéa and established a garrison there in 1517. Hassan Pacha (the son of Arudj) created the Al-Taitri Baylik or the Beylik of Titteri in 1546 appointing a certain "Recep Bey" as its first governor. It was governed regularly, it engaged in tribal diplomacy, collected taxes, pacified revolts, and paid taxes to Algiers. The Beys of the province were appointed by the leader of Algiers.
The province was initially meant as a governorate for the southern parts of the country, and many cities in the Saharan parts of Algeria such as Laghouat paid taxes to it,[2] although in the 18th century it was expanded into western Kabylia.[3]
Fall of Algiers and its aftermath
[edit]The Beylik of Titteri, led by its bey, Mustefa Boumezrag sent troops to fight during the invasion of Algiers, and refused to surrender to the French after the Capitulation of Algiers.[4]
It resisted along with Mohamed ben Zamoum against the French and fought a few battles with him such first battle of Blida, which resulted in an Algerian victory.[5]
In 1831, after a few defeats, the French governor of Algeria, Bertrand Clauzel, decided to crush the Beylik of Titteri, and sent a large military detachment to capture Médéa. During the Battle of Mouzaïa, the forces of Titteri were defeated,[6] which gave way for the French to invade Médéa. The Médéa expedition of 1830 resulted in a decisive French victory which temporarily put an end to the Beylik of Titteri.[7]
In 1831, a son of Mustefa Boumezrag, took over the city of Médéa, and announced himself as the new bey, although the French quickly put an end to his revolt.[8]
In 1832, Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif appointed one of his generals, Mohammed el Kadji, as the new Bey, although this role was mostly nominal.
In 1834, the French finally put an end to the Beylik, officially disestablishing it.
References
[edit]- ^ Kaddache, Mahfoud (1998). L'Algérie durant la période ottomane (in French). Office des publications universitaires. p. 127. ISBN 978-9961-0-0099-1. Retrieved 2016-09-08.
- ^ Bulletin du comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques: section de géographie (in French). Imprimerie nationale. 1894.
- ^ algérienne, Société historique (1873). Revue africaine (in French). La Société.
- ^ William Duckett, Dictionnaire de la conversation et de la lecture, Paris, Firmin Didot, 1867, p. 83
- ^ Saʻīdūnī, Nāṣir al-Dīn (2001). L'Algerois rural à la fin de l'époque ottomane (1791-1830) (in French). Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
- ^ Le Magasin pittoresque (1840), d'Édouard Charton pages 147-148.
- ^ Annales Algériennes d'Edmond Pellissier de Reynaud Tome 1 livre VI
- ^ Dix huit mois à Alger by Pierre Berthezène