Central Weather Administration
CWA headquarters in Taipei | |
Agency overview | |
---|---|
Formed | 1941 (CWB) 2023 (CWA) |
Preceding agency |
|
Jurisdiction | Taiwan |
Headquarters | Chongqing (1941-1949)[1] Taipei, Taiwan (1949-) |
Agency executive |
|
Parent agency | Ministry of Transportation and Communications |
Website | www.cwa.gov.tw |
The Central Weather Administration (CWA; Chinese:
History[edit]
While Taiwan was under Japanese rule, the government set up five weather monitoring stations on the island, located in Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, Hengchun, and Penghu. On 19 December 1897, the Taipei Observatory moved to the location presently occupied by the Central Weather Administration. In 1945 when the Kuomintang took control of Taiwan the various stations set up by the Japanese were incorporated into the new Taiwan Provincial Weather Institution, under the Chief Executive of Taiwan Province, Chen Yi. When the position of Chief Executive was abolished in 1947 (the new head of local government being the Governor of Taiwan Province) the institution became an agency of the Taiwan Provincial Government.[2][3]
The Central Weather Bureau (CWB) itself was established in 1941 in Chongqing under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China.[4] In 1947 (and again from 1971 onwards) it was reassigned to the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. After the Kuomintang defeat in the Chinese Civil War and their subsequent flight to Taiwan in 1949, the Central Weather Bureau relocated from Mainland China to Taiwan. From 1958 onwards the Taiwan Provincial Weather Institution assumed responsibility for most of its functions. In 1971 the Central Weather Bureau was reestablished under the Ministry of Transportation and Communications.[4] The bureau was reorganized as the Central Weather Administration on September 15, 2023, as provided by the Organization Act promulgated on June 7.[5][6]
Departments[edit]
The Central Weather Administration has a number of responsibilities, represented by the various departments.[7]
Weather Forecast Center[edit]
The Weather Forecast Center (Chinese:
Seismological Center[edit]
The Seismological Center (Chinese:
Marine Cable Hosted Observatory[edit]
The Marine Cable Hosted Observatory (MACHO) is a system of underwater sensors connected by fiber optic cable. A 620-km system strung between Yilan and Pingtung. MACHO allows a 10-second warning before a quake and 20-30 minutes warning of a subsequent tsunami.[11] An 800-km system is under construction to monitor the Mariana Trench which is expected to be completed in 2024.[12]
Marine Meteorology Center[edit]
The Marine Meteorology Center (Chinese:
Other departments[edit]
The Administration also includes the following departments:
- The Meteorological Satellite Center (Chinese:
氣象 衛星 中心 ; pinyin: Qìxiàng Wèixīng Zhōngxīn), which receives and analyses weather satellite data for observation and prediction purposes.[14] - The Astronomical Observatory (Chinese:
天文 站; pinyin: Tiānwén Zhàn), which not only observes astronomical phenomena such as sunspots and eclipses, but also publishes an annual almanac and provides information on astronomy to the public.[7]
Transportation[edit]
The CWA building is accessible within walking distance South from NTU Hospital Station of the Taipei Metro.
Supercomputing[edit]
A research supercomputer shared between the Central Weather Administration and CAA was listed by TOP500 as the world's 313rd most powerful computer in 2002, obtaining 0.2 TFlop/s with 25 300MHz cores.[15]
In February 2024 the CWA inaugurated a new computer weather forecasting system, based on Fujitsu FX1000 high speed computers. Aggregate system performance is 10 petaflops. The more advanced system improved typhoon and major storm forecasting from seven to ten days.[16]
See also[edit]
- Ministry of Transportation and Communications (Republic of China)
- Climate of Taiwan
- Former Tainan Weather Observatory
- China Meteorological Administration, whose Public Weather Service Center sees Taiwan as a PRC province and issues forecasts for it[17]
References[edit]
- ^ "About CWB". Archived from the original on 2013-01-22. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
- ^ "
南 區 氣象 中心 (Southern Meteorological Center)" (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau.[permanent dead link] - ^ "
氣象 博物館 (Meteorological Museum)" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2009-08-08. - ^ a b "Brief History & Organization". Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original on 2016-08-16. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
- ^ "We will become Central Weather Administration". Central Weather Administration. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ "Organization Act of the Central Weather Administration, MOTC". Ministry of Justice. 7 June 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ a b "Missions". Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original on 2009-07-20. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
- ^ "Weather Forecast Center" (PDF). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.
- ^
二 十 世紀 (1901-2000)台灣 地區 災害 性 地震 (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original on 2004-10-17. Retrieved 2009-07-17. - ^ "Seismological Center" (PDF). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-29.
- ^ Tzu-ti, Huang (4 January 2021). "Taiwan activates 10-second earthquake alert system". www.taiwannews.com.tw. Taiwan News. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ Hsiung-feng, Chang; Kuei-hsiang, Wen; Lin, Ko (31 December 2020). "Taiwan launches new earthquake, tsunami monitoring system". focustaiwan.tw. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ "Marine Meteorology Center" (PDF). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.
- ^ "Meteorological Satellite Center" (PDF). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.
- ^ "Vpp5000/25 | Top500".
- ^ Shan, Shelley. "New system a boost for weather agency". taipeitimes.com. Taipei Times. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
- ^ "Taibeixian, Taiwan, China weather forecast". Weather China. The Public Weather Service Center of CMA.