Dongnyeong Prefectures

Dongnyeong Prefectures
Dongnyeong Prefectures
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	東あずま寧やすし府ふ
Transcriptions
Transcriptions
Korean name
Hangul	동녕부
Hanja	東あずま寧やすし府ふ
Revised Romanization
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization	Dongnyeong Bu
McCune–Reischauer	Dongnyeong Pu

Dongnyeong Prefectures were administrative divisions of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China located in the northwest Korean Peninsula between 1259 and 1290.^[1]

History

In October 1269, Choe Tan (Korean: 최탄; Hanja: 崔ちぇ坦ひろし), Han Sin (한신; 韓かん慎まこと), Yi Yeon-nyeong (이연령; 李り延のべ齡よわい), Gye Mun-bi (계문비; 桂かつら文ぶん庇ひさし) and Hyeon Hyo-cheol (현효철; 玄げん孝こう哲あきら) rose in rebellion in order to exclude Im Yeon (임연; 林はやし衍), Military Leader of Goryeo, and surrendered to Yuan dynasty with 60 prefectures and cities in northwest part of Goryeo.^[2] In following year, Yuan dynasty established Donggyeong prefecture at former west prefecture. Jabi Pass (자비령; 慈悲じひ嶺みね) as a border belonged to Liaoyang ministry nominated Choe Tan as a commander.^[3]

In 1276, Donggyeong prefecture got promoted to Donggyeong circuit.^[4] This promotion there was no description in Goryeosa. Also in the clause of August, 1276 and February 1290, the description of Donggyeong prefecture can be seen.^[5] It is inferred that Donggyeong circuit was renamed as Donggyeong prefecture shortly.

After this, the political relationship between Yuan dynasty and Goryeo was strengthen. In July 1290, Donggyeong prefecture was abolished and jurisdiction was transferred to Goryeo, ending the prefecture's 20 years of history.^[6]

Controversy

In Goryeosa, there were some records (New year's clause in 1364,^[7] November's clause in 1369^[8] and new year's clause in 1370^[9]) tells that Donggyeong prefecture was established in Yuan dynasty again. However, there were no descriptions about Donggyeong prefecture in China's records after 1290. In the end of Yuan dynasty, it suddenly appeared in Goryeosa. There are two hypotheses about this. One is that in 1290, Donggyeong prefecture was not abolished but transferred to Liaoyang area. And the other was that Donggyeong prefecture was abolished in 1290,^[10]^[11] but reestablished in Yuan dynasty in the period of confusion.^[12]

References

^ Encyclopedia Nipponica Mitsuo Yoshida (ja:吉田よしだ光男みつお: Professor of Korean History at University of Tokyo) :"Yuan dynasty occupied Pyongan Province which was northern Jabi pass, area of Hwanghae Province and made it direct-governed administration.
^ Goryeosa 巻まき26
^ Goryeosa 巻まき130 崔ちぇ坦ひろし伝でん
^ History of Yuan 巻まき59 地理ちり志こころざし二に
^ Goryeosa 巻まき28
^ Goryeosa 巻まき30 忠ちゅう烈れつ王おう世よ家か三さん忠ちゅう烈れつ王おう16年ねん3月がつ条じょう
^ 己おのれ丑うし東あずま寧やすし路ろ万戸吐朴伯也大入寇延州、崔ちぇ瑩撃却之
^ 高こう麗うらら遣や元もと統帥とうすい将はた撃げき東あずま寧やすし府ふ、以絶北元きたもと
^ 高麗こうらい派は大将たいしょう李り成桂せいけい入にゅう侵おかせ遼東りゃおとん、東あずま寧やすし府ふ同どう知ち李り吾われ魯帖木き児童じどう帰き降くだ（中略ちゅうりゃく）東あずま至いたる皇すめらぎ城じょう、北きた至いたる東あずま寧やすし府ふ、西にし至いたる於海、南みなみ至いたる鴨かも緑みどり、為之ためゆき一いち空そら
^ 刁書仁ひとし・卜うらない照あきら晶あきら「論ろん元もと末明ほのか初はつ中国ちゅうごく与あずか高麗こうらい、朝鮮ちょうせん的てき辺あたり界かい之の争そう」『北きた華はな大学だいがく学がく報ほう』2001年ねん第だい1期き
^ 張ちょう博ひろし泉いずみ・蘇そ金きむ源はじめ・董ただし玉だま瑛あきら『東北とうほく歴代れきだい疆域史し』吉林きつりん人民じんみん出版しゅっぱん 1981年ねん
^ 李り治安ちあん・薛磊『中国ちゅうごく行政ぎょうせい区く区画くかく通史つうし元もと代だい巻まき』復ふく旦だん大学だいがく出版しゅっぱん社しゃ 2009年ねん

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[1] Encyclopedia Nipponica Mitsuo Yoshida (ja:吉田よしだ光男みつお: Professor of Korean History at University of Tokyo) :"Yuan dynasty occupied Pyongan Province which was northern Jabi pass, area of Hwanghae Province and made it direct-governed administration.

[2] Goryeosa 巻まき26

[3] Goryeosa 巻まき130 崔ちぇ坦ひろし伝でん

[4] History of Yuan 巻まき59 地理ちり志こころざし二に

[5] Goryeosa 巻まき28

[6] Goryeosa 巻まき30 忠ちゅう烈れつ王おう世よ家か三さん忠ちゅう烈れつ王おう16年ねん3月がつ条じょう

[7] 己おのれ丑うし東あずま寧やすし路ろ万戸吐朴伯也大入寇延州、崔ちぇ瑩撃却之

[8] 高こう麗うらら遣や元もと統帥とうすい将はた撃げき東あずま寧やすし府ふ、以絶北元きたもと

[9] 高麗こうらい派は大将たいしょう李り成桂せいけい入にゅう侵おかせ遼東りゃおとん、東あずま寧やすし府ふ同どう知ち李り吾われ魯帖木き児童じどう帰き降くだ（中略ちゅうりゃく）東あずま至いたる皇すめらぎ城じょう、北きた至いたる東あずま寧やすし府ふ、西にし至いたる於海、南みなみ至いたる鴨かも緑みどり、為之ためゆき一いち空そら

[10] 刁書仁ひとし・卜うらない照あきら晶あきら「論ろん元もと末明ほのか初はつ中国ちゅうごく与あずか高麗こうらい、朝鮮ちょうせん的てき辺あたり界かい之の争そう」『北きた華はな大学だいがく学がく報ほう』2001年ねん第だい1期き

[11] 張ちょう博ひろし泉いずみ・蘇そ金きむ源はじめ・董ただし玉だま瑛あきら『東北とうほく歴代れきだい疆域史し』吉林きつりん人民じんみん出版しゅっぱん 1981年ねん

[12] 李り治安ちあん・薛磊『中国ちゅうごく行政ぎょうせい区く区画くかく通史つうし元もと代だい巻まき』復ふく旦だん大学だいがく出版しゅっぱん社しゃ 2009年ねん

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History

Controversy

See also

References