List of X characters
The fictional characters of the X manga series were created by manga group known as Clamp, composed of Satsuki Igarashi, Nanase Ohkawa, Mick Nekoi, and Mokona Apapa. X takes place in the year 1999 when the end of the world is fast approaching as superhuman individuals gather and take sides in the city of Tokyo, site for the battle of Armageddon. Most of the series' characters with Kamui Shiro's exception originated from Clamp's dōjinshi they created before creating X while characters like Subaru Sumeragi appear as returning characters from the manga Tokyo Babylon meant to support the lead due to his parallel and tragic past. Ohkawa wrote the script while the other three members made the art.
The series follows Kamui, a young esper who goes back to Tokyo to fulfill his role in the Armageddon. He can join two groups for different objectives: either Dragons of Heaven and protect mankind from being extinguished, or the Dragons of Earth to protect the planet at the cost of ending the society. Kamui joins the former due to his only wish being protecting his childhood friends Fūma Monou and Kotori Monou. However, this causes Fūma to develop an alternate personality as Kamui's rival, filling his empty role in the Dragons of Earth and becoming his nemesis. The war between the two factions who involve seven members who each side begins. Due to the manga not being finished by Clamp, a film and an anime television series have provided the manga an alternate ending where the outcome and fate of the cast is created.
Critical reception to the series' cast has been positive due to their role in the armageddon, Kamui's early characterization also earned positive responses for his brooding nature until he becomes a more heroic warrior and his past is explained. As the film provided little focus on the entire cast with the main ones' exception, the television series was praised more for giving each member from the two Dragons their own screentime to explore their personalities like the manga did. The Japanese voice actors for the cast has been met with positive response though the English dub received mixed reactions for not fitting their roles.
Creation and development
[edit]After finishing Clamp School Detectives, the manga artists group Clamp decided to write a story in which readers see the development of two groups, the Dragons of Heavens and the Dragons of Earth led by Kamui Shiro and Fūma Monou, respectively. Ohkawa specifically chose the idea of seven characters from two groups because she was influenced by religious groups but wanted to avoid Christian references. Instead, she created the concept of the Dragons of Heavens and Earth and avoided less characters due to similarities with the tokusatsu genre. However, rather than starting the manga with the war between the Dragons, she instead envisioned the "high school manga" to introduce the cast in a more fashion mode.[1] Kamui was originally written as a high-school student from Kotori Monou's point of view to appeal to the audience of females. However, controversial response from readers led to Clamp changing their characterizations. Ohkawa also aimed to show characters from their previous works in the X resulting in multiple crossovers.[1] As Kamui and Kotori's characterization were changed due the negative response, Clamp wrote the idea of Kotori's post traumatic disorder and her eventual death which resulted in sad responses from readers. Though he had few appearances in the beginning, Ohkawa envisioned Fuma's transformation into the series' villain which the other artists from the group enjoyed and thus looked forward to draw.[2]
Several of the series' characters were created using the Osamu Tezuka's Star System technique were old designs incorporated in new characters with Kamui's exception which proved challenging due to his role. He was made to stand apart from other characters, and Ohkawa called his hairstyle and school uniform average. Clamp's lead artist Mokona believes this was influenced by the heroic character-type upon which he was based.[3] During serialization of the series, Clamp found issues with the amount of gore they aimed to portray especially Kotori's death which is foreshadowed in dream scenes. This was mostly affected by the themes of violence and video games present in the 1990s but the writers feared that toning down the violence would negatively affect the manga. Another death scene that left Clamp facing issues was when Fuma decapitates Saiki which resulted in more negative response from the readers. Ohkawa claimed that they were meant to be cruel with the narrative which did not fit in the magazine's demography. The fight sequences were inspired by the manga Dragon Ball most specifically by how the author Akira Toriyama used white backgrounds.[3]
Kamui is prophesied to return to Tokyo as one who will determine humanity's fate. The construction of Kamui as a messiah is reinforced by his miraculous birth and given name; "Kamui", like "Christ", alludes to the character's nature.[4][5] A common theme involves the series' fate, Subaru Sumeragi expresses no interest in the future of the Earth, but still he and his counterpart are drawn to Tokyo on the Promised Day. As a result, even with the fatalist atmosphere that persists in the series.[6] His rivalry with Seishirō Sakurazuka parallels Kamui's rivalry with Fūma Monou. Clamp referred to Kamui and Subaru as siblings; Kamui is supposed to learn from Subaru's final fight with Seishirō and avoid his final fight against Fuma having the same tragic conclusion. Ohkawa also applied to Kamui and Fuma ideas she had during middle school such as the fact that both possess a dual nature as she states people can be considered good or evil.[7]
When drawing characters, Mokona felt Fuma was the hardest one to draw as they often had to make him look like other characters like Kusanagi due to members from the cast seeing similarities between the others who they cherished. As a result, they avoided the idea of Aoki meeting Fuma since they would be forced to make Fuma androgynous due to the potential need of drawing Aoki's wife. Igarashi found drawing the Dragons of Heaven and Earth at the same time proved difficult because of their multiple unique clothes which left her wishing they instead wore the same outfits.[8]
For X animated adaptations, the characters experienced changes from their original versions. For the 1996 film, Ohkawa helped director Rintaro in writing the script. The character Shogo Asagi was created exclusively to the movie.[9] The characters were designed by Nobuteri Yuki.[10] Director Yoshiaki Kawajiri aimed to portray Kamui and Kotori as stronger than their manga counterparts. However, he still wanted to highlight their psychological weaknesses across later episodes. Kenichi Suzumura had a poor understanding of Kamui during early recording of the television series as the pilot original video animation gave Kamui small screentime and dialogue. Fuma's actor, Junichi Suwabe, faced difficulties in voicing him due to his different alterego that makes him look like two characters.[11] Koshinori Kanemori adapted Clamp's character designs and served as art director along with Yuji Ikeda.[10]
Main characters
[edit]Kamui Shiro
[edit]The protagonist of X, Kamui Shirō (
Voiced by: Tomokazu Seki (Japanese); Alan D. Marriott (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Kenichi Suzumura (Japanese); Steve Cannon (as a teenager) and Brianne Siddall (credited as Ian Hawk) (as a child) (English) in the TV series
Fūma Monou
[edit]Kamui's best friend, Fūma Monou (
Kotori Monou
[edit]Kotori Monou (
In the TV series, her dream is to become an indigo dyesmith (in the style of Japan's Edo period), well aware of the commitment necessary, and she spends time in her school's library reading up on the subject. Her character was modified for the TV series as director Yoshiaki Kawajiri wanted to portray her as a more regular teenager.[11] In the movie, Kotori dies when the second Sacred Sword is removed from her body. When Fūma first attempts to do it, entering the dreamscape with such a purpose, Kotori actually escapes with Kamui's help and reaches Hinoto's room where he is waiting, but ultimately Fūma catches her and pulls the Sacred Sword out of his sister's belly with his bare hands, killing her much to Kamui and everyone else's horror. Kamui takes her body to the Tokyo Tower just before the final fight.[12]
Voiced by: Junko Iwao (Japanese); Larissa Murray (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Mamiko Noto (Japanese); Michelle Ruff (English) in the TV series
Dragons of Heaven
[edit]The Dragons of Heaven (
In Tsubasa, their alternate versions exist in Tokyo, an apocalyptic world continually corroded by acidic rain as fighters of the Tower faction, who spar with people of the City Hall faction (alternate versions of the Dragon of Earth) for the scarce pure water left. They are led by the alternate version of Fūma, who is secretly a treasure hunter across dimensions, and Daisuke Saiki replaces Subaru as one of the seven.
Sorata Arisugawa
[edit]Sorata Arisugawa (
In the anime, the prophecy is realized as he dies defending Arashi from Fūma's Sacred Sword, despite her earlier attempts to kill Kamui. He similarly dies in the movie version battling Fūma, again giving his life to protect Arashi.[12]
Sorata also appears several times in Tsubasa as a relatively prominent crossover character: in the Republic of Hanshin, he's a history teacher married to Arashi and acts as host to Syaoran's group, briefly appears as a Dragonfly Racer in Piffle World, and in Tokyo, as one of the seven fighters of the Tower faction.
Voiced by: Kōichi Yamadera (Japanese); Mike Fitzpatrick (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Mitsuaki Madono (Japanese); Tony Oliver (English) in the TV series
Arashi Kishū
[edit]Arashi Kishū (
In the anime series, she is convinced by Fūma that she must join the Dragons of Earth and kill Kamui, in order to release Sorata from his obligation to defend her. In so doing, she ends up causing the death of her lover, and loses her abilities as a Dragon of Heaven. She is last seen at the Mount Kōya shrine reminiscing about Sorata. In the movie, she is stabbed and killed by Fūma, after witnessing Sorata's last moments.[12]
Arashi also appears twice in Tsubasa as a relatively prominent crossover character: a retired miko married to Sorata in the Republic of Hanshin and a miko siding with the Tower faction who can foresee disaster in the world of Tokyo. Voiced by: Emi Shinohara (Japanese); Teresa Gallagher (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Ryoka Yuzuki (Japanese); Lia Sargent (English) in the TV series
Subaru Sumeragi
[edit]Originally from Tokyo Babylon, Subaru Sumeragi (
Seiichirō Aoki
[edit]The wind magician Seiichirō Aoki (
Aoki appears as a crossover character in Tsubasa. He lives in the world of Tokyo as one of the seven fighters of the Tower faction. In the X Tarot set, he represents The Hierophant.
Voiced by: Hideyuki Tanaka (Japanese); David Harris (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Toshiyuki Morikawa (Japanese); Steven Blum (English) in the TV series
Karen Kasumi
[edit]A devout Catholic, Karen Kasumi (
In the anime series, Karen sacrifices her life to kill Yūto in order to protect Aoki. In the movie, Karen and Shōgo battle in the subway. Karen causes a massive explosion, causing them both to be crushed by debris.[12]
Karen appears twice in Tsubasa as a crossover character: in the world of Shara-no, she's the leading woman in an entertainment troupe and in the world of Tokyo, one of the seven fighters of the Tower faction.
Voiced by: Mami Koyama (Japanese); Toni Barry (English) in the feature film.
Voiced by: Yōko Sōmi[17] (Japanese); Wendee Lee (English) in the TV series.
Yuzuriha Nekoi
[edit]Yuzuriha Nekoi (
Yuzuriha is attended by her own personal inugami, Inuki (
At the end of the TV series, Yuzuriha is seen sitting by a waterfall with Inuki and Kusanagi (the same waterfall that the original Inuki led her to earlier in the series). In the movie, however, Yuzuriha's relationship with Kusanagi is not acknowledged, and she is killed in a battle with Yūto and Kusanagi while protecting Kamui.[12]
Yuzuriha appears in Tsubasa as a relatively prominent crossover character: she's paired up with Kusanagi Shiyū as a player in Edonis Country and is one of the seven fighters of the Tower faction in Tokyo.
Voiced by: Yukana Nogami (Japanese); Anne-Marie Lawless (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Kumi Sakuma (Japanese); Philece Sampler (English) in the TV series
Dragons of Earth
[edit]The Dragons of Earth (
The Dragons of Earth are also known as the Seven Angels (translated also as the Seven Harbingers and the Seven Minions). Regarding the multiple translations for the title of the Seven Angels, the kanji
In Tsubasa, their alternate versions exist in Tokyo, an apocalyptic world continually corroded by acidic rain as fighters of the City Hall faction, who spar with people of the Tower faction (alternate versions of the Dragon of Heaven) for the scarce pure water left. They are led by the alternate version of Kamui, who is a vampire, and Nataku's original, Kazuki, replaces Seishirō as one of the seven.
Yūto Kigai
[edit]Yūto Kigai (麒飼
In combat Yūto wields a sai dagger capable of severing human hands with one swipe, and which bears a powerful whiplash attachment that can smash through concrete. He is also a water master (an ability that in X he had not used for some time), capable of summoning floods and hurling water bolts, as well as arranging more benign fountain displays for the amusement of others. In the anime, he can even transform himself into water and travel in this form (on one occasion entering a room through fire sprinklers).
In the TV series, he dies from wounds sustained after a mortally-wounded Karen incinerates him, while in the movie he is brutally killed by Fūma who practically dismembers him before impaling him with his Sacred Sword. In the movie, he does not display water-based powers, these being given to Shōgo Asagi instead.[12]
Yuuto appears in Tsubasa as a crossover character: he lives in Tokyo as a fighter of the City Hall faction and receives Syaoran's group more amiably than the rest of the group.
Voiced by: Kazuhiko Inoue (Japanese); Nigel Whitney (English) in the feature film.
Voiced by: Michiaki Furuya (Japanese); Ezra Weisz (English) in the TV series.
Satsuki Yatōji
[edit]A complex and ingenious young woman with utter contempt for humans, Satsuki Yatōji (
Satsuki is an extreme rationalist, and attacks Yuzuriha when the latter cannot explain why killing humans is more wrong than the killing of the natural world. She spends much of her time wired into a massive supercomputer named the Beast (provided for her by Kanoe), through which she can physically control cables across Tokyo, using them for reconnaissance and offensive purposes. She develops feelings for Yūto, one of the few people who managed to befriend her, and who in fact gave her the answer that Yuzuriha couldn't; in the TV anime and movie versions, this causes the Beast to become jealous and kill her by invading and impaling her entire body with its cables.
In Tsubasa, Satsuki is one of the fighters of the City Hall faction. She studies medicine and initially receives Syaoran's group with suspicion; however she's notably less apathetic than her X version, her personality more bordering on seriousness.
Voiced by: Kotono Mitsuishi (Japanese); Anne Marie Zola (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Houko Kuwashima (Japanese); Karen Strassman (English) in the TV series
Seishirō Sakurazuka
[edit]Originally from Tokyo Babylon, in which he appeared to be a kindly, magically aware veterinarian, Seishirō Sakurazuka (
Nataku
[edit]Nataku (
In Tsubasa, Nataku is one of the fighters of the City Hall faction. Nataku is also one of the characters who underwent most significant changes: unlike in X, Nataku is a mentally developed adult and takes care of Kazuki, alternate version of X's Kazuki (who substitutes Seishirō's place).
Voiced by: Rika Matsumoto (Japanese); Don Fellows (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Motoko Kumai (Japanese); Mona Marshall (English) in the TV series
Kakyō Kuzuki
[edit]Kakyō Kuzuki (玖月
In X he meets and befriends the fledgling dreamseer Kotori Monou within the dreamscape, but realizes that she, too, will soon die at the hands of her older brother Fūma. To grant Kotori's last wish that Kamui should be spared, Kakyō possesses her corpse during its "death dream" and clings to the Sacred Sword, preventing Fūma from removing it from Kotori's body and using it to kill Kamui. However, in doing so Kakyō alerts Fūma to his presence, and the Dragon of Earth hunts down the dreamseer and convinces him that he will grant his wish to die in peace, provided Kakyō aids him as one of the Seven Angels. They grow intimate over times, as Fūma continually consoles Kakyō during his still-existent fits of grief over Hokuto's death.
In the anime, Kakyō is coerced into manipulating Princess Hinoto's own future-seeing dreams, but finally turns against Fūma after encouragement from Hokuto and Kotori that the future is not, after all, unchanging. He enables Hokuto to enter her brother Subaru's dreams and talk him into helping Kamui during the crucial moments of the final battle. At the end of the series he dies peacefully, and his spirit is finally able to join his beloved Hokuto and "go outside".
In Tsubasa, Kakyō is one of the fighters of the City Hall faction. He has the ability to divine the future through his dreams and welcomes Syaoran's group with much less hostility than the rest, as he has foreseen their coming. In the X Tarot set, he represents The Wheel of Fortune.
Voiced by: Yuji Ueda (Japanese); Terrence Stone (English)
Kusanagi Shiyū
[edit]Kusanagi Shiyū (
Kusanagi appears twice in Tsubasa: as a player paired up with Nekoi Yuzuriha in Edonis Country and a fighter of the City Hall faction in Tokyo.
Voiced by: George Nakata (Japanese); Jeff Harding (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Masaki Aizawa (Japanese); Jamieson Price (English) in the TV series
Shōgo Asagi
[edit]Shōgo Asagi (
Shōgo Asagi also appears in Tsubasa, first in the Hansin Republic, then in Piffle World as an employee of Tomoyo Daidōji.
Voiced by: Toshihiko Seki (Japanese); Rupert Degas (English) in the feature film
Supporting characters
[edit]Princess Hinoto
[edit]Hinoto (
The rationale for Hinoto's dark half attempting to destroy Kamui and the other Dragons of Heaven seems to stem from the fact that she foresaw her own death at the hands of Kamui. While Hinoto's good side seems to desire this outcome (either for the simple fact that she wishes to be freed from her duties as a dreamseer, or possibly in that her death could somehow alter the future in favor of the Dragons of Heaven), her evil side is striving to prevent her own death at the expense of the lives of others, and as a result repeatedly attacks the Dragons of Heaven with swarms of shikigami.
Her evil persona has kept her good persona trapped in the dreamscape and continues to set up the Dragons of Heaven in hopes of bringing about their deaths. Kamui suspects her of foul play and relays this to Sorata, who creates a gohōdōji to observe her, which is last seen confronting her for her actions.
In the television series, she kills herself in the dreamscape (thus taking her life in the waking world as well) so as to end her possession and save Kamui. This precipitates the Final Battle.[19] In the movie, she dies while holding Kanoe's dead body (as she was killed earlier by Fūma) as the Diet Building collapses around her.
In the X Tarot set, she is The High Priestess.
Voiced by: Yuko Minaguchi (Japanese); Stacey Jefferson (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Aya Hisakawa (Japanese); Bridget Hoffman (English) in the TV series
Kanoe
[edit]Kanoe (
Kanoe has the ability to spy on the dreams of others, including those of Hinoto and Fūma. The TV series portrays her as truly despising her elder sister, who was always treated better than her. However, when Hinoto commits suicide, Kanoe is crushed and cries for her sister. It is not seen whether Kanoe dies in the anime television series, which may imply that she could still be alive, long after the final battle is over.
In the manga, Kanoe enters Hinoto's dreams when she hears Hinoto crying for help. Unfortunately, Kanoe discovers that her older sister is trapped in the dreamscape and becomes confused when Hinoto's dark side appears and directly confronts her. Soon afterwards, Kamui senses Kanoe's death, though who caused Kanoe's death remains ambiguous.[20]
In the movie, Kanoe is a complete dreamseer, an equal to her sister Hinoto. She is killed by Fūma just before the Final Battle, but not before she can explain her reasons to a crushed Hinoto, ultimately dying in her sister's arms.
Voiced by: Atsuko Takahata (Japanese); Denica Fairman (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Kaho Kouda (Japanese); Mary Elizabeth McGlynn (English) in the TV series
Tokiko Magami
[edit]Tokiko Magami (
Voiced by: Misa Watanabe (Japanese); Philece Sampler (English) in the TV series
Tōru Shirō
[edit]Tōru Shirō (
Voiced by: Masako Ikeda (Japanese); Liza Ross (English) in the feature film
Voiced by: Kikuko Inoue (Japanese); Julie Ann Taylor (English) in the TV series
Saya Monou
[edit]Saya Monou (
Voiced by: Michiko Neya (Japanese); Barbara Goodson (English) in the TV series
Kyōgo Monou
[edit]Fūma and Kotori's father, Kyōgo Monou (
Voiced by: Kōji Ishii (Japanese); Michael McConnohie (English) in the TV series
Hokuto Sumeragi
[edit]Hokuto Sumeragi (
Voiced by: Satsuki Yukino (Japanese); Julie Ann Taylor (English) in the TV series
Daisuke Saiki
[edit]Seiichirō's nephew Daisuke Saiki (砕軌 玳透, Saiki Daisuke) is also a wind magician, though not of Seiichirō's calibre. Saiki and Kamui initially do not get along very well, as the stoic and strictly by-the-rules Saiki was not completely convinced that Kamui was the one on which the fate of humanity rested; later, they understand each other better and become friends. Saiki lives to protect Hinoto, whom he seems to have affections for. In the manga, he is brutally decapitated by Fūma while protecting Hinoto; in the anime, he was killed by a powerful blast by Fūma.[21]
In Tsubasa, he appears as Subaru's replacement as a fighter of the Tower faction in Tokyo.
Voiced by: Kishō Taniyama (Japanese); Edward Villa (English) in the TV series
Sōhi and Hien
[edit]Sōhi (
Nokoru Imonoyama
[edit]Nokoru Imonoyama (
Suoh Takamura
[edit]Suoh Takamura (
Akira Ijyūin
[edit]Akira Ijyūin (
Keiichi Segawa
[edit]Kamui's classmate in CLAMP Academy after Kamui transfers, Keiichi Segawa (
Reception
[edit]While enjoying the narrative, Mike Crandol from Anime News Network found Kamui among others supporting characters likable due to their early brooding personalities.[22] Manga News felt that the main cast became more enjoyable when Subaru helps Kamui to abandon his catatonic status to face reality and become a more appealing hero.[23] Within other characters, Subaru and Seishiro were praised. Anime News Network referred to his confrontation with Seishirō in the TV series was praised mainly because how their character designs were updated from the ones from Tokyo Babylon.[24] Beveridge also agreed with Bertschy, calling the episode of their final battle one of the best ones from the series focused on how their backgrounds are shown and tragic elements portrayed.[25] Sandra Scholes from Active Anime shared similar feelings calling Subaru "one of the most endearing characters" within the series based on his tragic backstory and his fight against Seishiro.[26] Finding most characters interesting, THEM Anime Reviews found Sorata and Arashi's bond as one of the best written relationships too due to how close they become and the plot twists the television series they give them for the climax.[27] DVD Talk had positive thoughts about the characters' relationships, finding them "special" and praised amount violence provided by them in the anime's second half.[28]
However, many critics focused on the relationship between Kamui and Fūma, many considering it one of the strongest areas in Rintaro's 1996 film as they are major focused on the tragic storyline rather than the supporting cast who get little screentime.[29][10][30] Animerica was positive by how the drama focused on Kamui, Fuma and Kotori, finding it intense.[30] Ex claimed that the audience who has not read Tokyo Babylon would not understand the personal vendetta Subaru has for Seishiro and that instead they kill each other quickly in the movie's initial scenes.[31] the book Anime Classics Zettai!: 100 Must-See Japanese Animation Masterpieces noted that both the feature and television series provided attractive adaptations of Clamp's manga, with the film achieving an appealing atmosphere based the combination of animation and music while complimenting the character designs.[32] In comparison to the film, Zac Bertschy from Anime News Network felt that Fuma's transformation into the series' villain is more realistic in the television series.[33] Fuma has stand out as an appealing villain due to the crimes he commits with the original manga portraying during gore.[34] Manga News enjoyed his interactions with Seishiro, as they form a friendship while causing an earthquake, coming across as strong villains in the process.[35]
While there was no shonen ai unlike in Tokyo Babylon, Subaru's relationship with the man he loves, Seishiro, also attracted writers. Manga News stated that while Subaru and Seishiro's fight was one of the most anticipated ones based on how Subaru changed ever since his sister was killed, he still could not bring himself to stop loving Seishiro. This is further noted by Subaru's depressed portrayal when Seishiro activates Hokuto's spell to make Subaru kill him, ruining his will to live in the process.[36] Nevertheless, in a later review, Manga News found that while Subaru was still highly affected by Seishiro's death, Fuma giving him the eye from his dead body positively affected him. Since Seishiro's wish was giving Subaru his eye to fill the gap in the Subaru's blind one, the character now obtained a legacy from his love that gave him hope to live.[37] Several fans reading the series have wondered whether Clamp was hinting at a romantic relationship between Kamui and Fūma. In the book Understanding Manga and Anime writer Robin E. Brenner stated Clamp had none of those intentions, and compared them with the more explicit relationship between Subaru and Seishirō.[38]
The original voice actors received praise, most particularly Kamui's, Tomokazu Seki.[39][40] Tomokazu Sugita's portrayal of Subaru in X was praised by Merumo who also enjoyed the older characterization envisioned in this series.[41] On the other hand, there were mixed responses to the English cast for not being as appealing as the Japanese ones. A big exception according to Anime News Network was Kotori's actress.[42] DVD Talk found the English actors suitable for their roles in the television series.[28]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "X". Asuka. No. October 2001. Kodansha. 2001.
- ^ "X". Asuka. No. December 2001. Kodansha]. 2001.
- ^ a b c d e f Clamp no Kiseki. Vol. 8. Kodansha. 2005. ISBN 4-06-367078-3.
- ^ Elliott, David (April 8, 2000). "X: an animated comic book with little between the covers". The San Diego Union-Tribune.
- ^ Yoshiaki Kawajiri (Director) (August 25, 2000). X: An Omen (DVD). Bandai Visual.
- ^ Oshiguchi, Takashi (1997). In Anime Interviews: The First Five Years of Animerica, Anime & Manga Monthly (1992-97). Viz Media. ISBN 1-56931-220-6.
- ^ "Ten years of X". PUFF. No. January 2002. Zassosha. 2002. pp. 19–21.
- ^ Clamp (2005). Clamp no Kiseki, Vol. 9. Tokyopop.
- ^ Karahashi, Takayuki (2000). "Animerica Interview X Rintaro". Animerica. Vol. 8, no. 5. Viz Media. p. 35. ISSN 1067-0831.
- ^ a b c Cavallaro, Dani (2012). CLAMP in Context: A Critical Study of the Manga and Anime. McFarland. p. 185. ISBN 978-0786469543.
- ^ a b "X: The Complete Series; Director's interview (DVD). Funimation Entertainment. June 15, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i X: The Movie (DVD). Manga Entertainment. 2002.
- ^ Clamp (1996). X, Volume 8. Kadokawa Shoten. pp. 160–170. ISBN 4-04-924598-1.
- ^ "X". Monthly Asuka. No. December 2001. Kodansha. 2001.
- ^ Clamp (2003). X. Vol. 5. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1591160793.
- ^ a b c Clamp (2005). X. Vol. 18. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-782-5.
- ^ "マウスプロモーション
公式 サイト:所属 タレント \" [Yoko Soumi Talent Profile]. Mausu Promotion (in Japanese). Retrieved August 8, 2023. - ^ Clamp (2004). X. Vol. 15. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-349-8.
- ^ Madhouse (March 13, 2002). "Betrayal". X. Episode 22. WOWOW.
- ^ Clamp (September 2006). "X 18.5". Clamp Newtype Platinum (October 2006). Kadokawa Shoten.
- ^ Clamp (2004). X. Vol. 13. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1591161202.
- ^ Crandol, Mike (October 10, 2002). "X [ONE] TV DVD 1". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
- ^ "X - 1999 - Double Vol.5". Manga News (in French). November 20, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
- ^ Bertschy, Zac (April 2, 2003). "X TV DVD 3". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ Beveridge, Chris (August 2, 2003). "X Vol. No. 6". Mania Entertainment. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ Scholes, Sandra (January 31, 2010). "X THE SERIES – FOUR". Active Anime. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ Nelson, Robert. "X TV". THEM Anime Reviews. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "X: The Complete Series". DVD Talk. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
- ^ Beveridge, Chris. "X". AnimeOnDVD. Archived from the original on March 5, 2005. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
- ^ a b "X, the movie". Animerica. Archived from the original on April 7, 2004. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
- ^ Luce, Eric. "X". EX: The Online World of Anime & Manga. Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ Camp, Brian; Davis, Julie (2007). Anime Classics Zettai!: 100 Must-See Japanese Animation Masterpieces. Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 978-1933330228.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bertschy, Zac (April 2, 2003). "X ONE TV DVD 3". Anime News Network. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
- ^ Garrity, Shaenon K. (November 15, 2012). "Jason Thompson's House of 1000 Manga - Five Badass Shojo Manga". Anime News Network. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
- ^ "X - 1999 - Double Vol.7". Manga News (in French). March 25, 2009. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
- ^ "X - 1999 - Double Vol.8". Manga News (in French). May 22, 2009. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
- ^ "X - 1999 - Double Vol.9". Manga News (in French). March 25, 2009. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
- ^ Brenner, Robin E. (2007). "Devoted Friends, Romance, and Lust: Which is Which?". Understanding Manga and Anime. Westport, Connecticut: Libraries Unlimited. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-1-59158-332-5. OCLC 85898238. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ Dong, Bamboo (April 28, 2002). "X/1999 DVD". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
- ^ "アニメ「からくりサーカス」は
全 36話 !藤田 和 日 郎 「面白 くないものは作 らない」". Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. March 24, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2020. - ^ "
杉田 智和 とCLAMPの代表 作 「X」の皇 昴 流 役 ". Merumo News (in Japanese). May 14, 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2020. - ^ Bertschy, Zac (April 2, 2003). "X TV DVD 3". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
External links
[edit]- X at Viz Media
- X (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia