Huqin
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Huqin (Chinese:
The most common huqin are the erhu, which is tuned to a middle range; zhonghu, which is tuned to a lower register, and gaohu, which is tuned to a higher pitch. The lowest pitched huqins include the dahu and gehu. The highest pitched huqin is the jinghu, used in the Beijing opera. Over eighty types of huqin instruments have been documented.
Huqin instruments are believed to have come from the nomadic Hu people, who lived on the extremities of ancient Chinese kingdoms, possibly descending from an instrument called the Xiqin (奚琴), originally played by the Xi tribe.Mongolian people have cultural and ethnic heritage of the ancient Hu nomads, and the Mongol version of the xiqin, known as the khuuchir, is testament to this shared heritage.[2]
In the 20th century, large bass huqin such as the dihu, gehu, and diyingehu were developed for use in modern Chinese orchestras. Of these, the gehu and diyingehu would be analogous to Occidental cellos and double basses respectively, and were designed to have a timbre that would blend in with the sound of traditional huqin. These instruments generally have four strings and fingerboards, and are played in a similar manner to cellos and double basses, and are very different from the traditional huqin.
Similar instruments also feature in the music traditions of neighboring countries, such as Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Laos.
List of Chinese huqin instruments
[edit]- Erhu (
二 胡 ); also called nanhu (南 胡 ) - Erquanqin (
二 泉 琴 ); slightly larger erhu used specifically to play the melody Erquan Yingyue (二 泉 映 月 ) - Gaohu (
高 胡 ); also called yuehu (粤胡 ) - Banhu (
板 胡 ) - Jinghu (
京 胡 ) - Jing erhu (
京 二 胡 ) - Zhonghu (
中 胡 ) - Yehu (椰胡)
- Erxian (
二 弦 ) - Tiqin (
提琴 ) - Tihu (
提 胡 ) - Daguangxian (
大 广弦) - Datong (
大筒 )photo - Datongxian (
大筒 弦 )photo - Kezaixian (壳仔
弦 ) - two-stringed fiddle with coconut body, used in Taiwan opera - Hexian (
和 弦 ) - Huluhu (traditional:
葫 蘆 胡 ; simplified:葫 芦 胡 ) - Maguhu (traditional:
馬 骨 胡 ; simplified: 马骨胡 ) - Tuhu (
土 胡 ) - Jiaohu (
角 胡 ) - Zhuihu (traditional: 墜胡; simplified: 坠胡)
- Zhuiqin (traditional: 墜琴; simplified: 坠琴)
- Leiqin (
雷 琴 ) - Sihu (
四 胡 ) - Sanhu (
三 胡 ) - Liuhu (
六 胡 ) - Dahu (
大胡 ) - Dihu (
低 胡 ) - Cizhonghu
- Gehu (
革 胡 )- Diyingehu (
低音 革 胡 )
- Diyingehu (
- Laruan (
拉 阮)- Dalaruan (
大 拉 阮)
- Dalaruan (
- Paqin (琶琴)
- Dapaqin (
大 琶琴)
- Dapaqin (
- Xiqin (奚琴)
- Niutuiqin or niubatui (
牛 腿 琴 or牛 巴 腿 ) (Guizhou) - Matouqin (
馬頭 琴 ) (Inner Mongolia) - Aijieke (
艾 捷 克 ) (Xinjiang)[1] - Sataer (萨它尔) (Xinjiang)
- Shaoqin (韶琴) an electric erhu
Related instruments in other Asian nations
[edit]Cambodia
[edit]- Tro (Cambodia)
- Tro che (Cambodia)
- Tro Khmer (Cambodia)
- Tro sau thom (Cambodia)
- Tro sau toch (Cambodia)
- Tro u (Cambodia)
- Tro Ou Chamhieng (Cham people, Cambodia)
Indonesia
[edit]Sukong, Tehyan and Kongahyan are 3 similar instrument. The only difference being the size and tuning. The Sukong has a lower tuning (A and E), the Tehyan has the tuning of D and A and the Kongahyan, the smallest of the 3, has the highest tuning (G and D). These three are used throughout the island of Java and Bali for things like "Gambang Keromong", "Lenong", "Ondel-ondel", and "Topeng Betawi".
Japan
[edit]- Kokyū (Japan) (though this is actually descended from the rebab and related instruments, through South East Asia and the Ryukyu islands)[3]
Korea
[edit]- Haegeum (Korea; derived from the Xiqin)
- Sohaegeum (North Korea)
- Junghaegeum (North Korea)
- Daehaegeum (North Korea)
- Jeohaegeum (North Korea)
Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan
[edit]Mongolia
[edit]- Morin khuur (Mongolia)
- Sihu (Mongolia)
Thailand
[edit]- Saw (Thailand)
- Saw duang (Thailand)
- Saw u (Thailand)
- Saw sam sai (Thailand)
- Saw peep or saw krapawng (northeast Thailand)
- Saw bong (northeast Thailand)
Tuva
[edit]Vietnam
[edit]See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "Information about Chinese Instruments | the Chinese Fine Arts Society". Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
- ^ "Үндэстний нэвтэрхий толь". Archived from the original on 2013-11-16. Retrieved 2015-04-08. Хуучир mongol.undesten.mn
- ^ Minoru, Miki 2008, Composing for Japanese Instruments, pp 116-117
External links
[edit]- Huqin photographs (page 1)
- Huqin photographs (page 2)
- Huqin photographs (page 3)