Hypoplasia
-plasia and -trophy |
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Hypoplasia (from Ancient Greek ὑ
Hypoplasia can be present in any tissue or organ. It is descriptive of many medical conditions, including underdevelopment of organs such as:
- Breasts during puberty
- Testes in Klinefelter's syndrome
- Ovaries in Fanconi anemia, gonadal dysgenesis, trisomy X
- Thymus in DiGeorge syndrome
- Labia majora in popliteal pterygium syndrome
- Corpus callosum, connecting the two sides of the brain, in agenesis of the corpus callosum
- Cerebellum caused by mutation in the reelin gene
- Tooth caused by oral pathology, such as Turner's hypoplasia
- Chambers of the heart in hypoplastic left heart syndrome and hypoplastic right heart syndrome
- Optic nerve in optic nerve hypoplasia
- Sacrum in sacral agenesis
- Facial muscle in asymmetric crying facies
- Thumb from birth
- Lungs, often as a result of oligohydramnios during gestation or the existence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- Small bowel in coeliac disease
- Fingers and ears in harlequin-type ichthyosis
- Mandible in congenital hypothyroidism
See also
[edit]- Atrophy, when an existing part wastes away
- List of biological development disorders
References
[edit]- ^ Definition: hypoplasia. Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology (11 March 2008)
- ^ Hypoplasia. Stedman's Medical Dictionary. lww.com