(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Traditional colors of Japan - Wikipedia Jump to content

Traditional colors of Japan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Japanese colors)

The traditional colors of Japan are a collection of colors traditionally used in Japanese art, literature, textiles such as kimono, and other Japanese arts and crafts.

History

[edit]

The traditional colors of Japan trace their historical origins to the Twelve Level Cap and Rank System which was established in 603 by Prince Shōtoku and based on the five Chinese elements. In this system, rank and social hierarchy were displayed and determined by certain colors. Colors known as kinjiki (禁色きんじき, "forbidden colors") were strictly reserved for the robes of the Imperial family and highest ranking court officials; for example, the color ōtan (orange) was used as the color for the robes of the Crown Prince and use by anyone else was prohibited. Colors known as yurushiiro (ゆるしょく, "permissible colors") were permitted for use by the common people.

Most names of colors originate from the names of plants, flowers, and animals that bore or resembled them. Certain colors and dyeing techniques have been used since the Asuka period, while others had been developed as late as the Meiji period when synthetic dyes became common. Due to the long history of use of this color system, some variations in color and names exist.

Colors

[edit]

Red/violet series

[edit]
Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet
いちきんしみ Ikkonzome One kin (0.6 kg (1.3 lb)) dye 240,143,144 #F08F90 桃色ももいろ Momo-iro Peach-colored 244,121,131 #F47983
紅梅こうばいしょく Kōbai-iro Red plum colored 219,90,107 #DB5A6B ちゅうべに Nakabeni Medium crimson (dye) 201,55,86 #C93756
さくらしょく Sakura-iro Cherry blossom color 252,201,185 #FCC9B9 退紅たいこう Arazome Washed-out crimson (dye) 255,179,167 #FFB3A7
うすきくれない Usubeni Pale crimson (dye) 242,102,108 #F2666C

Red series

[edit]
Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet
ときはねしょく Tokiha-iro Ibis wing color 245,143,132 #F58F84 さくらねずみ Sakuranezumi Cherry blossom mouse grey 172,129,118 #AC8181
長春ちょうしゅんしょく Chōshun-iro Long spring (season) color 185,87,84 #B95754 唐紅からくれない/韓紅からくれない Karakurenai Foreign crimson[a] 201,31,55 #C91F37
臙脂えんじしょく Enji-iro Cochineal red/rouge 157,41,51 #9D2933 ふか Kokiake Deep scarlet 123,59,58 #7B3B3A
さんべに Jinzamomi Thrice-dyed crimson 247,102,90 #F7665A みずがき Mizugaki Water persimmon 181,108,96 #B56C60
うめねずみ Umenezumi Plum-blossom mouse grey 151,100,90 #97645A 芳香よしこ Su'ōkō Sappanwood incense 162,79,70 #A24F46
あかべに Akabeni Pure crimson (dye) 195,39,43 #C3272B しゅ Shinshu True red 143,29,33 #8F1D21
小豆色あずきいろ Azuki-iro Azuki bean color 103,36,34 #672422 銀朱ぎんしゅ Ginshu Greyed red (lit. silvered red) 188,45,41 #BC2D29
海老茶えびちゃ Ebicha Maroon (shrimp brown) 94,40,36 #5E2824 ぐりうめ Kiriume Red-brown (lit. chestnut-plum) 139,53,45 #8B352D
あけぼのしょく Akebono-iro Dawn-color 250,123,98 #FA7B62 珊瑚さんごしょく Sango-iro Coral color 248,103,79 #F8674F
猩々緋しょうじょうひ Shōjōhi Red-orange (lit. orangutan-colored) 220,48,35 #DC3023 しば翫茶 Shikancha Wilted brown (lit. wilted lawn-clippings) 171,76,61 #AB4C3D
柿渋かきしぶしょく Kakishibu-iro Persimmon-juice color 147,67,55 #934337 べにかば Benikaba Red birch 157,43,34 #9D2B22
べにとんび Benitobi Red kite (bird species) 145,50,40 #913228 べにひのきがわ Benihibata Cypress bark red 111,48,40 #6F3028
くろとんび Kurotobi Black kite (bird species) 53,30,28 #351E1C べに Benihi Blood red 243,83,54 #F35336
あきらかき Terigaki Glazed persimmon 211,78,54 #D34E36 Ake Scarlet (blood) 207,58,36 #CF3A24
江戸えどちゃ Edocha Red-brown (Edo brown) 161,61,45 #A13D2D べにしょく Bengara-iro Dyestalk red (lit. the color from dying with the stalk of the beni (safflower) plant) 145,50,37 #913225
ひのきかわしょく Hihada-iro Cypress bark color 117,46,35 #752E23 宍色 Shishi-iro Meat-color 249,144,111 #F9906F
あらいしゅ Araishu Rinsed-out red 255,121,82 #FF7952 あかしょく Akakō-iro Red incense-colored 240,127,94 #F07F5E
ときがらちゃ Tokigaracha Brewed mustard-brown 230,131,100 #E68364 Ōtan Ochre (earthen yellow-red-brown) 255,78,32 #FF4E20
Sohi Overdyed/refreshed red-brown 227,92,56 #E35C38 とおしゅうちゃ Enshūcha Muddy brown (lit. the brown of a distant river) 203,102,73 #CB6649
からちゃ Karacha Spicy red-brown (Chinese tea brown) 179,92,68 #B35C44 かばちゃ Kabacha Birch brown 177,74,48 #B14A30
そうつたえからちゃ Sōdenkaracha Faded spicy red-brown 155,83,63 #9B533F すずめちゃ Suzumecha Sparrow-brown 140,71,54 #8C4736
ぐりがわちゃ Kurikawacha Chestnut-leather brown 96,40,30 #60281E ひゃくしおちゃ Momoshiocha Boiled red bean brown 84,45,36 #542D24
鳶色とびいろ Tobi-iro Ibis-color 76,34,27 #4C221B
朱色しゅいろ Shu-iro Cinnabar-color 255,53,0 #ff3500

Yellow/red series

[edit]
Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet
胡桃くるみしみ Kurumizome Walnut-dyed 159,116,98 #9F7462 がましょく Kaba-iro Cattail color 182,73,37 #B64925
黄櫨染こうろぜん Kōrozen Sumac-dyed 89,43,31 #592B1F 焦茶こげちゃ Kogecha Scorched brown 53,31,25 #351F19
ふかささえ Kokikuchinashi Rich gardenia 245,127,79 #F57F4F あらいかき Araigaki Washed-out persimmon 236,130,84 #EC8254
代赭たいしゃしょく Taisha-iro Red ochre color 159,82,51 #9F5233 あかしろとち Akashirotsurubami Sawtooth oak 236,149,108 #EC956C
礪茶 Tonocha Polished brown 152,85,56 #985538 煎茶せんちゃしょく Sencha-iro Green tea-colored 130,75,53 #824B35
洒落しゃれかき Sharegaki Stylish persimmon 255,162,107 #FFA26B うすかき Usugaki Pale persimmon 252,164,116 #FCA474
萱草かんぞうしょく Kanzō-iro Daylily-colored 255,137,54 #FF8936 うめしみ Umezome Plum-dyed 250,146,88 #FA9258
べに鬱金うこん Beni'ukon Red-bronze (lit. red dye and turmeric) 251,129,54 #FB8136 丁子ちょうじちゃ Chōjicha Clove-brown 143,88,60 #8F583C
憲法けんぽうしみ Kenpōzome Legal dye (from when color use was regulated by class) 46,33,27 #2E211B 枇杷びわちゃ Biwacha Loquat tree-brown 171,97,52 #AB6134
琥珀こはくしょく Kohaku-iro Amber color 202,105,36 #CA6924 あわ Usukō Pale incense 255,165,101 #FFA565
朽葉くちばしょく Kuchiba-iro Decaying leaves color 213,120,53 #D57835 きむちゃ Kincha Golden brown 198,107,39 #C66B27
丁子ちょうじしみ Chōjizome Clove-dyed 169,98,50 #A96232 きつねしょく Kitsune-iro Fox-color 152,86,41 #985629
しばしみ Fushizome Brushwood-dyed 140,89,57 #8C5939 伽羅きゃらしょく Kyara-iro Aloewood-color 106,67,45 #6A432D
煤竹すすたけしょく Susutake-iro Weathered bamboo (lit. "sooty") 89,58,39 #593A27 白茶しらちゃ Shiracha White tea-colored 196,142,105 #C48E69
黄土おうどしょく Ōdo-iro Ochre (lit. earthen yellow) 190,127,81 #BE7F51 ぎん煤竹すすたけ Kinsusutake Golden-grey bamboo (dried and weathered) 125,78,45 #7D4E2D
からちゃ Kigaracha Chinese yellow tea-colored 183,112,45 #B7702D こびちゃ Kobicha Kobi tea 107,68,35 #6B4423
あか朽葉くちば Akakuchiba Red fallen leaves 219,132,73 #DB8449

Yellow series

[edit]
Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet
浅黄あさぎ Asagi Light yellow 247,187,125 #F7BB7D 山吹やまぶきしょく Yamabuki-iro Golden yellow (Kerria japonica) 255,164,0 #FFA400
玉子たまごしょく Tamago-iro Egg-colored 255,166,49 #FFA631 はぜのきしみ Hajizome Sumac-dyed 224,138,30 #E08A1E
山吹やまぶきちゃ Yamabukicha Gold-brown 203,126,31 #CB7E1F くわしみ Kuwazome Mulberry-dyed 197,127,46 #C57F2E
生壁なまかべしょく Namakabe-iro The color of undried plaster 120,94,73 #785E49 くちなし Kuchinashi Cape jasmine or gardenia 255,185,90 #FFB95A
玉蜀黍とうもろこししょく Tōmorokoshi-iro Corn-colored 250,169,69 #FAA945 しろとち Shirotsurubami White oak 206,159,111 #CE9F6F
とち Kitsurubami Golden oak 187,129,65 #BB8141 ふじ Tō'ō Gamboge 255,182,30 #FFB61E
はな葉色はいろ Hanaba-iro or kayou-iro Floral leaf-colored 255,185,78 #FFB94E とりしょく Torinoko-iro Eggshell paper-colored 226,190,159 #E2BE9F
うつ金色きんいろ Ukon-iro Turmeric-colored 230,155,58 #E69B3A 朽葉くちば Kikuchiba Golden fallen leaves 226,156,69 #E29C45
利休りきゅう白茶しらちゃ Rikyūshiracha Faded Sen no Rikyū's tea 176,146,122 #B0927A 利休りきゅうちゃ Rikyūcha Sen no Rikyū's tea 130,107,88 #826B58
灰汁あくしょく Aku-iro Lye-colored 127,107,93 #7F6B5D 肥後ひご煤竹すすたけ Higosusutake Japanese iris and sooty bamboo 127,93,59 #7F5D3B
みちこうちゃ Rokōcha Contemplation in a tea garden 102,83,67 #665343 海松みるちゃ Mirucha Simmered seaweed 76,61,48 #4C3D30
菜種油なたねあぶらしょく Nataneyu-iro Rapeseed oil-colored 161,121,23 #A17917 海松みるちゃ Kimirucha Yellow Sea pine-brown 137,108,57 #896C39
うぐいすちゃ Uguisucha Japanese bush warbler-brown (greenish brown) 92,72,39 #5C4827 はなしょく Nanohanacha Rape-blossom brown 227,177,48 #E3B130
苅萱かるかや Kariyasu Japanese triandra grass (Themeda japonica) 226,177,60 #E2B13C 黄蘗きはだ Kihada Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense) 243,193,58 #F3C13A
ふけ栗色くりいろ Mushikuri-iro Steamed chestnut color 211,177,125 #D3B17D あお朽葉きゅうよう Aokuchiba Pale fallen leaves 170,135,54 #AA8736
ひわちゃ Hiwacha Finch-brown (Cardueline finch) 149,123,56 #957B38 女郎花おみなえし Ominaeshi Patrinia flowers (Patrinia scabiosaefolia) 217,182,17 #D9B611
うぐいすしょく Uguisu-iro Japanese bush warbler-colored 100,85,48 #645530

Yellow/green series

[edit]
Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet
鶸色ひわいろ Hiwa-iro Greenfinch color 189,169,40 #BDA928 青白あおじろとち Aoshirotsurubami Pale oak 187,164,109 #BBA46D
やなぎちゃ Yanagicha Willow tea 156,138,77 #9C8A4D 璃寛ちゃ Rikancha Rikan brown 83,74,50 #534A32
あいこびちゃ Aikobicha Indigo tea 71,63,45 #473F2D こけしょく Koke-iro Moss color 139,125,58 #8B7D3A
海松みるしょく Miru-iro Codium fragile seaweed color 82,75,42 #524B2A 千歳ちとせちゃ Sensaicha Thousand year old brown 59,52,41 #3B3429
うめみゆきちゃ Baikōcha Baiko brown 133,124,85 #857C55 岩井いわいちゃ Iwaicha Iwai brown[2] 94,85,69 #5E5545
ひわ萌黄もえぎ Hiwamo'egi Siskin sprout yellow 122,148,46 #7A942E やなぎ煤竹すすたけ Yanagisusutake Sooty willow bamboo 77,75,58 #4D4B3A
うらやなぎ Urahayanagi Underside of willow leaves 188,181,140 #BCB58C あわ萌黄もえぎ Usumo'egi Pale young green onion 141,178,85 #8DB255
やなぎしみ Yanagizome Willow-dyed 140,158,94 #8C9E5E 萌黄もえぎ Mo'egi Fresh onion 91,137,48 #5B8930
あおまこと Aoni Blue-black clay[3] 82,89,59 #52593B 松葉まつばしょく Matsuba-iro Pine needle color 69,77,50 #454D32

Green/blue green series

[edit]
Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet
うすあお Usu'ao Pale blue 140,156,118 #8C9C76 若竹わかたけしょく Wakatake-iro Young bamboo color 107,147,98 #6B9362
やなぎねずみ Yanaginezumi Willow grey 129,123,105 #817B69 ろうたけしょく Oitake-iro Old bamboo color 94,100,79 #5E644F
千歳ちとせみどり Chitosemidori Thousand year old green 55,66,49 #374231 みどり Midori Green 42,96,59 #2A603B
はくみどり Byakuroku Whitish green 165,186,147 #A5BA93 さび青磁せいじ Sabiseiji Rusty celadon 137,138,116 #898A74
緑青ろくしょう Rokushō Patina 64,122,82 #407A52 木賊とくさしょく Tokusa-iro Horsetail color 61,93,66 #3D5D42
納戸なんどちゃ Onandocha Storeroom brown 61,64,53 #3D4035 青竹あおだけしょく Aotake-iro Green bamboo color 0,100,66 #006442
利休鼠りきゅうねずみ Rikyūnezumi Greyish dark green 101,98,85 #656255 びろうど Birōdo Velvet 34,70,52 #224634
むしふすま Mushi'ao Insect screen 45,68,54 #2D4436 あい海松みるちゃ Aimirucha Indigo Codium fragile seaweed brown 46,55,46 #2E372E
沈香じんこうちゃ Tonocha Aloeswood brown 90,100,87 #5A6457 水浅葱みずあさぎ Mizu'asagi Pale green onion 116,159,141 #749F8D
青磁せいじしょく Seiji-iro Celadon color 129,156,139 #819C8B あおあおい Seiheki Blue-green 58,105,96 #3A6960
さび鉄御納戸てつおなんど Sabitetsuonando Rusty storeroom 58,64,59 #3A403B 鉄色てついろ Tetsu-iro Iron color 43,55,51 #2B3733
御召おめしちゃ Omeshicha Silk crepe brown 53,78,75 #354E4B 高麗こうらい納戸なんど Kōrainando Goryeo storeroom 32,56,56 #203838

Blue/blue violet series

[edit]
Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet
みなとねずみ Minatonezumi Harbor rat 117,125,117 #757D75 あおどん Aonibi Dull blue 79,73,68 #4F4944
鉄御納戸てつおなんど Tetsuonando Iron storage 43,55,54 #2B3736 水色みずいろ Mizu-iro Aqua Blue color 134,171,165 #86ABA5
さび浅葱あさつき Sabi'asagi Rusted light-blue 106,127,122 #6A7F7A びん Kamenozoki Inside of a bottle 198,194,182 #C6C2B6
浅葱あさつきしょく Asagi-iro Light blue color 72,146,155 #48929B 新橋しんばししょく Shinbashi-iro "New Bridge" color 0,108,127 #006C7F
さび納戸なんど Sabi'onando Rusty storage 69,88,89 #455859 あいねずみ Ainezumi Mousy indigo 92,84,78 #5C544E
藍色あいいろ Ai-iro Indigo color 38,67,72 #264348 御納戸色おなんどいろ Onando-iro Onando color 54,65,65 #364141
はな浅葱あさつき Hana'asagi Light blue flower 29,105,124 #1D697C 千草ちぐさしょく Chigusa-iro Thousand herb color 49,117,137 #317589
ます花色はないろ Masuhana-iro Opposite flower color 77,100,108 #4D646C はなだ Hanada Light blue silk 4,79,103 #044F67
熨斗目のしめ花色はないろ Noshimehana-iro Iron head flower color 52,77,86 #344D56 御召おめし納戸なんど Omeshi'onando Kimono storage 61,76,81 #3D4C51
空色そらいろ Sora-iro Sky Blue color 77,143,172 #4D8FAC くろとち Kurotsurubami Black chestnut oak 37,35,33 #252321
群青ぐんじょうしょく Gunjō-iro Ultramarine color 93,140,174 #5D8CAE こん Kon Dark blue 25,34,54 #192236
褐色かっしょく Kachi-iro Coarse wool color 24,27,38 #181B26 瑠璃るりしょく Ruri-iro Lapis lazuli color 31,71,136 #1F4788
紺青こんじょうしょく Konjō-iro Prussian blue color 0,49,113 #003171 瑠璃るりこん Rurikon Dark blue lapis lazuli 27,41,75 #1B294B
べにあお Benimidori Stained red 120,119,155 #78779B こん桔梗ききょう Konkikyō Navy blue bellflower 25,31,69 #191F45
ふじねずみ Fujinezumi Mousy wisteria 118,105,128 #766980 べにかけ花色はないろ Benikakehana-iro Safflower color 90,79,116 #5A4F74
ふじしょく Fuji-iro Wisteria color 137,114,158 #89729E あい Futa'ai Dark indigo 97,78,110 #614E6E

Violet series

[edit]
Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet
ふじむらさき Fujimurasaki Wisteria purple 135,95,154 #875F9A 桔梗ききょうしょく Kikyō-iro Bellflower color 93,63,106 #5D3F6A
紫苑しおんしょく Shi'on-iro Tatarian aster color 151,110,154 #976E9A めつむらさき Messhi Disappearing purple 63,49,58 #3F313A
紫紺しこん Shikon Blue-violet 43,32,40 #2B2028 ふかむらさき Kokimurasaki Deep purple 58,36,59 #3A243B
うすいろ Usu-iro Thin color 168,124,160 #A87CA0 はんいろ Hashita-iro Half color 141,96,140 #8D608C
菫色すみれいろ Sumire-iro Violet color 91,50,86 #5B3256 むらさき Murasaki Purple 79,40,75 #4F284B
くろべに Kurobeni Dark red 35,25,30 #23191E 菖蒲しょうぶしょく Ayame-iro Iris color 118,53,104 #763568
べにふじ Benifuji Red wisteria 187,119,150 #BB7796 杜若かきつばた Kakitsubata Rabbit-ear iris 73,30,60 #491E3C
鳩羽鼠はとばねずみ Hatobanezumi Dove feather grey 117,93,91 #755D5B 葡萄ぶどうねずみ Budōnezumi Grape mouse 99,66,75 #63424B
蒲萄ぶどう Ebizome Vine grape 109,43,80 #6D2B50 ふじ煤竹すすたけ Fujisusutake Wisteria and burnt-bamboo 77,59,60 #4D3B3C
牡丹ぼたん Bōtan Tree peony 164,52,93 #A4345D うめむらさき Umemurasaki Plum purple 143,65,85 #8F4155
むらさき Nisemurasaki Fake purple 67,36,42 #43242A むらさきとんび Murasakitobi Purple kite 81,44,49 #512C31
蘇芳すおう Su'ō Sappanwood 126,38,57 #7E2639 くわしみ Kuwazome Mulberry dye 89,41,44 #59292C
べにしょうねずみ Benikeshinezumi Vanishing red mouse 68,49,46 #44312E

Achromatic series

[edit]
Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet
白練しろねり Shironeri Unbleached silk 255,221,202 #FFDDCA 白鼠しろねずみ Shironezumi White mouse 185,161,147 #B9A193
銀鼠ぎんねず Ginnezumi Silver-grey 151,134,124 #97867C ねずみ Sunezumi Plain mouse 110,95,87 #6E5F57
どんぶりねずみ Dobunezumi Brown rat grey 75,60,57 #4B3C39 あいぼくちゃ Aisumicha Indigo ink brown 57,52,50 #393432
檳榔びろうしみ Binrōjizome Betel nut-dyed 53,41,37 #352925 墨色すみいろ Sumi-iro Ink color 39,34,31 #27221F
黒色こくしょく Kokushoku Black 23,20,18 #171412 あいしろ Aijiro Indigo white 235, 246, 247 #EBF6F7

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Since magenta, an imported artificial color, also resembled Kara-kurenai (here also Kara means Korea; kurenai means red), people started to call the deep red formerly known as kara-ai by the new designation Kara-kurenai (here, however, "Kara" means China)."[1]: 37 

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Yumioka, Katsumi (2006). ちゃく日本にっぽんいろなつへんなつ着物きものつづ日本にっぽん文様もんよう伝統でんとうしょく [Summer Kimonos and the Colors of Japan・Kimono Collection of Katsumi Yumioka] (in Japanese and English). Tokyo: PIE Books. ISBN 978-4894445314.
  2. ^ Hibi & Fukuda 2000, p. 44.After the kabuki actor Iwai Hanshiro IV.
  3. ^ Marra, Michael (October 15, 2010). Essays on Japan: Between Aesthetics and Literature. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-19594-3.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]