(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Jiang (Chinese state) - Wikipedia Jump to content

Jiang (Chinese state)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Jiang (state))
Not to be confused with Jiǎng (Chinese state).
State of Jiang
江こう國こく
1101 BCE–623 BCE
Map showing states of the Zhou dynasty
Map showing states of the Zhou dynasty
CapitalZhengyang County, Henan
GovernmentMonarchy
Historical eraXia dynasty, Shang dynasty, Western Zhou, and the Spring and Autumn period
• Yu the Great created this fief for the son of Boyi
1101 BCE
• Invaded/annexed by Chu
623 BCE
Today part ofChina

The State of Jiang (Chinese: 江こう國こく/Pinyin: Jiāng), also known as the State of Hong (Chinese: 鴻おおとり國こく) during the Shang dynasty or the State of Qiong (Chinese: 邛國) in some historical sources, was a vassal state in China that encompasses the southeastern Henan from 1101 BCE to 623 BCE. The nation was ruled by the Ying family (Chinese: 嬴), and the state name is widely believed to be the origin of the Chinese surname Jiang. The swan goose was the totem of the state.[1][2]

History[edit]

Early history (before 1045 BCE)[edit]

In 1101 BCE, Yu the Great, the leader of China under the Xia dynasty allocated a piece of land on the riverbanks of the Huai River to Genchu (Chinese: 玄げん仲なか) under the Fengjian system. Genchu was the son of Boyi, a legendary tribal leader who was loyal to Yu the Great, and the allocation of the land to Genchu was mainly for rewarding Boyi's family for Boyi's exemplary achievements in controlling the Great Flood. Chinese historian Guangyue He (Chinese: 何なに光岳てかりだけ) believes that the state was part of Dongyi, a group of tribes in eastern China during the pre-Qin era, and moved southwards to modern-day Henan after the Zhou conquest of the Dongyi. The state was made a vassal state of the Zhou dynasty during the era of King Cheng, and during the era of King Mu, the state expanded westwards into parts of Zhongyuan[1][3][4]

As a vassal state of the Zhou dynasty[edit]

According to the Records of the Grand Historian and Shiben, the State of Jiang was located in the southeastern part of Zhengyang County near the northern riverbanks of the Huai River during the Zhou dynasty. The capital of Jiang at the time was a rectangular plot of land measuring 175,000 m2 in size and existed until the Han dynasty. It is estimated that about 10,000 people resided in the state at the time. The state was relatively prosperous during the Western Zhou dynasty, but the continuous warfare during the Spring and Autumn period and occasional flooding near the Huai River weakened the state. The state was also sandwiched between the more powerful states of Chu, Song, and Qi at the time, which limited the political, economic, and military influence of the state as Jiang had to be vassals of these larger states in order to maintain their sovereignty.

At some point between 671 BC and 626 BC, King Cheng of Chu arranged for his younger sister, Jiang Mi (Chinese: 江こう羋) to be married to the leader of the State of Jiang at the time.[5] The State of Jiang became more wary of Chu territorial expansion, and they allied with the hegemon of China, Duke Huan of Qi, in 658 BC.[4][6]

Annexation by Chu[edit]

After the death of King Cheng of Chu, Chu invaded the State of Jiang in 624 BC. The invasion was unsuccessful as the State of Jin intervened and drove Chu forces back to their homeland temporarily. In fall 623 BC, King Mu of Chu launched another invasion and successfully annexed Jiang. According to Zuo Zhuan, the annexation of Jiang deeply saddened Duke Mu of Qin.[1][4][7]

Geography and excavation findings[edit]

The territory of Jiang encompasses southern Zhengyang County, Pingqiao District in Xinyang, and northern Luoshan County. Jiang was located on the riverbanks of the Huai River. The ruins of the former Jiang capital are located in Zhengyang County and on the northern riverbanks of the Huai River. The rectangular city covers 75,000 square meters, and the distance between the easternmost and westernmost points of the city and the distance between the northernmost point and southernmost point of the city are 2 kilometers and 1.2 kilometers respectively. The city is a kilometer from the Huai River, and located on high ground. The city was called the 'Phoenix's Watchtower (Chinese: 鳳凰ほうおう台だい)' in ancient times, and locals nicknamed the ruins 'watchtower' nowadays. The city was also referenced to as 'Jiang Ting (Chinese: 江こう亭ちん)' in some historical sources.[4][1] Bronze tools were also found in the ruins of the city.[8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d 王おう永ひさし宽. "江こう姓せい起源きげん及古江ふるえ国こく考こう述じゅつ". 《天てん中学ちゅうがく刊かん》 2011年ねん06期き. Archived from the original on 2019-06-07. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
  2. ^ "历史上しじょう的てき纪国鲜为人知じんち：在ざい齐鲁两国夹缝中ちゅう生存せいぞん". 齐鲁晚ばん报. Archived from the original on 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
  3. ^ 胡えびす迎むかい建けん. "江こう姓せい的てき由来ゆらい". 《寻根》 2005年ねん第だい1期き. pp. 108–110. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
  4. ^ a b c d 金きむ荣权. "古江ふるえ国こく地理ちり与あずか历史论考". 《信しん阳师范学院いん学がく报(哲学てつがく社会しゃかい科学かがく版ばん)》 2010年ねん01期き. Archived from the original on 2019-05-11. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
  5. ^ 《春秋しゅんじゅう左ひだり传注·文ぶん公こう元年がんねん》：杜もり注ちゅう：“成なり王おう妹いもうと嫁よめ于江。”但ただし楚すわえ世よ家作かさく“飨王之の宠姬江こう芈而勿敬也”，以江芈为成なり王おう宠姬，两说不同ふどう。据すえ秦はた本ほん纪太史し公おおやけ赞及陈杞世よ家か索さく隐引世よ本ほん，江こう为嬴姓せい。江こう芈若为成王おう宠姬，则当称しょう为江嬴，今こん称しょう为江芈，明あきら是ぜ芈姓。郭沫若かくまつじゃく大系たいけい有ゆう器き铭“楚すわえ王おう媵江仲なか芈”语，则成王おう妹いもうと。
  6. ^ 左ひだり丘おか明あきら. 春秋しゅんじゅう左ひだり氏し傳でん/僖公.
  7. ^ 左ひだり丘おか明あきら. 春秋しゅんじゅう左ひだり氏し傳でん/文ぶん公こう.
  8. ^ 吴镇烽编撰せん (2006). 《金きむ文人もんと名めい汇编 修おさむ订本》 (in Chinese (China)). 北京ぺきん市し: 中ちゅう华书局きょく. p. 111. ISBN 7-101-04711-4.

See also[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jiang_(Chinese_state)&oldid=1231414918"