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Jinhu County

Coordinates: 33°00′22″N 119°05′20″E / 33.006°N 119.089°E / 33.006; 119.089
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jinhu
金きむ湖みずうみ县
County
Jinhu is located in Jiangsu
Jinhu
Jinhu
Location in Jiangsu
Coordinates: 33°00′22″N 119°05′20″E / 33.006°N 119.089°E / 33.006; 119.089[1]
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceJiangsu
Prefecture-level cityHuai'an
Area
 • Total1,393.86 km2 (538.17 sq mi)
Population
 (2012)
 • Total357,100
 • Density260/km2 (660/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
211600

Jinhu County (simplified Chinese: 金きむ湖みずうみ县; traditional Chinese: 金きむ湖みずうみ縣けん; pinyin: Jīnhú Xiàn; lit. 'golden lake') is under the administration of Huai'an, Jiangsu province, China.[2] It occupies the northwestern shores of and extends into Gaoyou Lake, bordering the prefecture-level cities of Yangzhou to the south and east, and Chuzhou (Anhui) to the southwest.

History[edit]

Ancient Periods[edit]

During the Spring and Autumn (~770- 476 BCE).[3] Belongs to the state of Wu (吴国), State of Yue(越えつ国こく) and state of Chu(楚すわえ国こく).

Qin Dynasty[edit]

During the Qin Dynasty(221- 207 BCE),[4] the county system was established, belonging to the Dong Yang County（东阳县）, Dong Hai Commandery （东海郡ぐん）.

Han Dynasty[edit]

During Western Han Dynasty(206 BCE to 9 CE). The land first belongs to Dong Yang County (东阳县）.

During the Emperor Wu of Han Yuan Shou(reign name)[5] Five years (汉武帝みかど元もと狩かり五ご年ねん-118 BCE), With the separation of Dong Yang County (东阳县), Gao You County （高こう邮县）was established. The southern area from Ta Ji （塔とう集しゅう镇）and Jin Nan town（金きむ南みなみ镇） belongs to Gao You County(高こう邮县)， the rest of towns still belong to Dong Yang County （东阳县）.

During Emperor Wu of Han Yuan Shou(Reign Name) six years(汉武帝みかど元もと狩かり六ろく年ねん-117 BCE), Dong yang county analysed and established She Yang（射い阳） and Ping An （平安へいあん）county, the Ping An city（平安へいあん城じょう）was established. The Jin Nan town（金きむ南みなみ镇）, Jin Gou town（金きむ沟镇）, Taji town（塔とう集しゅう镇）, Tiantangji town（天堂てんどう集しゅう镇） and its northern area belongs to Ping An County（平安へいあん县）, the southern area belongs to Gao You County（高こう邮县）, and Dai Lou town（戴楼镇） belongs to Dong Yang county （东阳县）.

Wang Meng's Period (Xin Dynasty)[edit]

During Wang Mang （王おう莽）Period (Xin dynasty ~45 BCE - 6 23 October CE), Ping An County (平安へいあん县)changed to Du Xiang County（杜もり乡县）, Gao You（高こう邮县） and Dong Yang county（东阳县） remains the same.

Eastern Han to Jin Dynasties[edit]

During the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220 CE), Ping An County （平安へいあん县 was restored while Gao You（高こう邮县） and Dong Yang County （东阳县） remained the same.

During the Western Jin Period (266 – 420 CE), Ping An County （平安へいあん县） was incorporated into She Yang County （射い阳县）. The area was divided into three counties: She Yang (射い阳), Gao You（高こう邮） and Dong Yang（东阳）.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, San'e Qiao （三さん阿おもね侨）set up two prefectures, You Zhou（幽かそけ州しゅう） and Yan Zhou（兖州）. In the fourth year of Taiyuan (太ふとし元もと四よん年ねん-379 AD), the Battle of San'e （三阿之战） took place within the territory between the former Qin and the Eastern Jin.

Southern and Northern Dynasties[edit]

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties(南北なんぼく朝あさ), Southern Qi(南みなみ齐) established An Yi County(安やす宜むべ县) in Ping An City(平安へいあん城じょう), and Yangping Commandery(阳平郡ぐん) in Shi Jian City(石いし鼊城).

During the Southern Liang(南みなみ梁はり) Dynasty, Dong Guan County(东莞县) was established in An Yi City(安やす宜むべ城しろ), and Yang Ping County(阳平县) was moved from Shi Jian City (石いし鼊城). Gao You County (高こう邮县) analysed and set up Zhu Tang(竹たけ塘县) and Sanqui County(三さん归县).

Southern Chen(南みなみ陈)then abolished Dong Yang County(东阳县) and left An Yi (安やす宜むべ县) and Gao You county (高こう邮县)as they were.

In the Northern Zhou (北きた周あまね)Dynasty, Shi Xian County(石いし鼊县) was set up in Shi Xian City(石いし鼊城). The part of present-day Dai Lou town(戴楼镇), originally belonging to Dong Yang County (东阳县), was reorganised under Shi Xian County(石いし鼊城).

Sui Dynasty[edit]

At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty(隋ずい朝あさ), Shi Xian County (石いし鼊县）was incorporated into An Yi County(安やす宜むべ县). Gao You County（高こう邮县） remained unchanged.

In the winter of the eleventh year of the Daye Dynasty (大だい业11年ねん-615 AD), an insurgent army led by Du Fuwei （杜もり伏ふく威い）captured the city of Anyi （安やす宜むべ城しろ）. The city was massacred and burned by Du Fuwei （杜もり伏ふく威い）.

Tang Dynasty[edit]

During the Tang Dynasty（唐から朝あさ）, in the fourth year of the Tang Wude (唐から武德ぶとく四よん年ねん-621 AD), An Yi County（安やす宜むべ县） was moved to Bai Tian（白田しろた） (and present-day Bao Ying County（宝たから应县）), east of the Grand Canal, and in the third year of the Tang Shangyuan(唐とう上じょう元もと三さん年ねん), An Yi County（安やす宜むべ县） was changed to Bao Ying County（宝たから应县）. The land was divided into two counties, Bao Ying（宝たから应）and Gao You（高こう邮）.

Song Dynasty[edit]

During the Song Dynasty（宋朝そうちょう）, Bao Ying（宝たから应县） and Gao You（高こう邮县） counties remained the same.

Yuan Dynasty[edit]

In the Yuan Dynasty, Gao You county（高こう邮县） was changed into a prefecture, and Bao Ying（宝たから应） was changed into An Yi prefecture（安やす宜よろし府ふ. The An Yi Prefecture (安やす宜よろし府ふ)was abolished, and Bao Ying County（宝たから应县） remained.

Ming and Qing Dynasty[edit]

In the Ming Dynasty（明朝みんちょう）, Gao You（高こう邮） was changed from a prefecture to a department prefecture, and Bao Ying（宝たから应） remained as a county.

Qing dynasty(清朝せいちょう), Bao Ying County （宝たから应县）, Gao You Zhou (department prefecture) (高こう邮州) remained the same.

Republic of China[edit]

Republic of China, Bao Ying County（宝たから应县） remained the same as before, Gao You（高こう邮） changed the prefecture – zhou (州しゅう) to county（县）

People's Republic of China[edit]

February 1943- September 1944, April 1945 - November 1945. The Communist Party of China establishes a joint anti-Japanese regime. Establishing the Tian Gao County（天てん高だか县）, administering the Tian Chang（天てん长）, Gao You（高こう邮）and part of the townships of Jinhu（金きむ湖みずうみ）.

In April 1958, the part under Gao You（高こう邮县） County (then called Min Ta District（闵塔区く) was assigned to Bao Ying County（宝たから应县）. In the same year, Bao Ying County（宝たから应县） in Bao Ying Lake（宝たから应湖） West area (today's Jinhu County（金きむ湖みずうみ县）) set up the "Lake West Work Committee" and "Lake West Office", ending the history of the subordinate towns of Gao You County (高こう邮县) at southeastern area (Min Qiao（闵桥镇） Town and Ta Ji town(塔とう集しゅう镇) with a history up to 2,076 years.

In October 1959, On 13 October 1959, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the establishment of Jinhu County （金きむ湖みずうみ县）.

On 29 April 1960, the 100th meeting of the State Council passed the decision to establish Jinhu County（金きむ湖みずうみ县）.

In March 1966, Jinhu County（金きむ湖みずうみ县） belonged to the newly established Liu He （六ろく合ごう）prefecture.

In March 1971, Jinhu（金きむ湖みずうみ县） County was transferred and assigned to Huai Yin （淮阴区く）District.

In March 1983, Huai Yin district（淮阴区く） was abolished, and Jinhu County （金きむ湖みずうみ县） belongs to the Huai Yin City（淮阴城じょう） set under the administration of the province.

In 2001, the former prefecture-level Huai Yin City（淮阴城じょう） was renamed Huai'an City（淮安城じょう）, and Jinhu County （金きむ湖みずうみ县）was also transferred to Huai'an City（淮安城じょう）, Licheng Street （黎はじむ城じょう街道かいどう）is the seat of the county people's government.[6]

In 2019, massive protests erupted over expired vaccine usage.[7]

Jinhu County was formerly administered by Baoying and Gaoyou counties until 1959, when it became its own county.[2]

Name Origin[edit]

In October 1959, when the county was established, the name "Jinhu（金きむ湖みずうみ）" was chosen for two reasons. The first reason is the Bomkwang Lake（汜光湖こ） in the county. In ancient times, Bomkwang Lake was called "Jinhu", so the county's name was a homonym of "Jinhu - the Bomkwang Lake". The second reason is that "Jinhu（金きむ湖みずうみ）" can be interpreted as "the lake which produces gold", symbolizing the county's rich resources, rich in produce. Zhou Enlai, then Premier of the State Council, appreciated it and chose "Jinhu（金きむ湖みずうみ）".[8][9]

Folklore[edit]

One of the most famous sayings was that "Jin(金)きん" was based on the first character of the ideal county seat, "Jin Gou town (金きむ沟镇)". Jin Gou town was initially identified as the county seat. However, the town was flooded in the summer of 1959, and "Li Cheng Town(黎はじむ城じょう镇)" became the county seat alternatively.

Administrative divisions[edit]

Jinhu County has 11 towns.[10]

11 towns

Resources[edit]

Water Resources[edit]

Jinhu county is located in a network of waterways, with numerous lakes, rivers, and channels, where the water surface area accounts for 30.1% of the total area.[11] The territory is flanked by three major lakes – Baima Lake, Baoying Lake, and Gaoyou Lake – from the northeastern to the southeastern parts. The water surface area in Jinhu County covers 42,000 hectares, accounting for one-third of the county's total area. The plentiful water resources are attributed to the numerous lakes and rivers: the area enjoys abundant natural precipitation, averaging 1085 millimeters annually; the Huai River contributes approximately 20 billion cubic meters of pass-through flow each year; and the underground water reserves are estimated at 100 million tons.[12]

Biological Resources[edit]

A Gan Bian flavouring (干ひ煸, Chinese flavouring- dried-fried before broiling or stewing) crayfish dish from Jinhu County

The specialties of Jinhu, such as silverfish from Gaoyou Lake, lobsters, the famed Jinhu large crabs, and clams from the Sanhe River, enjoy widespread popularity in markets both at home and abroad. The county's total area dedicated to aquaculture extends over 10,000 hectares, with inland waters covering 4,000 hectares and lake aquaculture systems occupying 6,000 hectares. The production of aquatic goods reaches 48,200 tons, with an average output of 134.2 kilograms per person, the highest in Jiangsu Province. The cultivation area for specialized aquaculture products, predominantly crabs, softshell turtles, and green shrimp,[12] spans 8,000 hectares, contributing to a yield of 13,500 tons. There is one professional fishing town and five fishing villages in the county, supporting over 2,600 fishing families and employing more than 8,000 individuals in the fishery sector.[9] The industry of crayfish（小しょう龙虾） in Jinhu, from breeding and fishing to storage, transportation, and catering, has developed into a distinctive feature of Jinhu, renowned as Jinhu's speciality.[13]

Petroleum Resources[edit]

The unique geological structures of the Jinhu Depression and the Sanhe Depression in Jinhu County harbor rich petroleum resources, with proven reserves amounting to tens of millions of tons. Oil extraction began in the mid-1970s, and today there are two oil fields, Biyang and Cuizhuang, with over 600 oil wells, producing 600,000 tons of oil annually.[9] Jinhu has become an important crude oil production base in southern China, hosting the second experimental oil extraction plant of SINOPEC's Jiangsu Oilfield Branch.[14]

Scenic Area[edit]

He Hua Lotus Dang Scenic Site(荷に花はな荡, The national 4A level scenic site, is in Ta ji Town, Jinhu County.

He Hua (lotus) Dang(荷に花はな荡）Scenic Area[edit]

Located in Taji Town(塔とう集しゅう镇), Jinhu County（金きむ湖みずうみ县）, the Hehuadang Scenic Area spans an area of approximately 12,000 mu and is classified as a national 4A scenic site. It holds designations as a National Water Conservancy Scenic Spot and a destination for lotus viewing. The site is geographically positioned with lakes on three sides, featuring large lotus fields and proximity to Gaoyou Lake, contributing to its distinct ecological landscape.[15]

The He Hua(Lotus) Dang Scenic Site is geographically positioned with lakes on three sides, featuring large lotus fields and proximity to Gaoyou Lake, contributing to its distinct ecological landscape.

The area focuses on lotus culture and combines various tourist activities such as agricultural sightseeing, leisure, educational programs, and health-related offerings. Hehuadang is known for initiating the Lotus Festival in China, having consistently hosted the event since 2000, making it a longstanding venue for this festival.[16] The site has received recognition in various forms, including being named a "National Agricultural Tourism Demonstration Site" and included in the list of top 100 rural leisure tourism routes by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2018.[17]

Utilising its large lotus fields and integrating local historical and cultural elements, the scenic spot has developed multiple attractions, including a tourism centre, parks, a lotus cultivation area, and thematic parks centred on a lotus and aquatic life. The site is also equipped with facilities to support visitors, including accommodation and dining services. The area showcases the lotus blossoms and greenery during the summer, aligning with its cultural and natural thematic focus.[15][18]

Su Dongpo, the poet in the Song Dynasty, left his lines： "酒しゅ沽横荡桥头月，茶ちゃ煮に青山あおやま庙后泉いずみ(Wine sold at the bustling bridgehead under the moon, tea brewed with the spring water behind the temple in the green mountains )."[19]

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Jinhu (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.7
(69.3) 		26.7
(80.1) 		28.6
(83.5) 		33.1
(91.6) 		34.8
(94.6) 		35.9
(96.6) 		37.0
(98.6) 		37.6
(99.7) 		34.5
(94.1) 		33.3
(91.9) 		28.0
(82.4) 		21.9
(71.4) 		37.6
(99.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.3
(43.3) 		9.1
(48.4) 		14.2
(57.6) 		20.6
(69.1) 		25.8
(78.4) 		28.9
(84.0) 		31.2
(88.2) 		30.8
(87.4) 		27.0
(80.6) 		22.1
(71.8) 		15.5
(59.9) 		8.8
(47.8) 		20.0
(68.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6) 		4.4
(39.9) 		9.1
(48.4) 		15.2
(59.4) 		20.6
(69.1) 		24.5
(76.1) 		27.5
(81.5) 		26.9
(80.4) 		22.6
(72.7) 		17.0
(62.6) 		10.6
(51.1) 		4.2
(39.6) 		15.4
(59.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		0.7
(33.3) 		4.9
(40.8) 		10.4
(50.7) 		15.9
(60.6) 		20.7
(69.3) 		24.4
(75.9) 		24.0
(75.2) 		19.1
(66.4) 		12.9
(55.2) 		6.5
(43.7) 		0.6
(33.1) 		11.6
(52.8)
Record low °C (°F) −10.0
(14.0) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		7.0
(44.6) 		12.7
(54.9) 		19.5
(67.1) 		15.5
(59.9) 		11.4
(52.5) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−10.5
(13.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 37.2
(1.46) 		39.8
(1.57) 		60.1
(2.37) 		54.3
(2.14) 		79.2
(3.12) 		146.9
(5.78) 		216.9
(8.54) 		177.1
(6.97) 		78.0
(3.07) 		48.1
(1.89) 		46.6
(1.83) 		28.8
(1.13) 		1,013
(39.87)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 7.1 7.9 8.6 8.3 9.7 9.5 13.4 12.6 8.5 7.1 7.2 6.1 106
Average snowy days 3.2 2.3 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.9 7.8
Average relative humidity (%) 73 72 70 70 73 77 84 85 82 77 74 72 76
Mean monthly sunshine hours 147.4 143.5 175.2 196.9 204.6 168.0 184.1 192.5 176.0 180.6 156.4 152.7 2,077.9
Percent possible sunshine 46 46 47 50 48 39 43 47 48 52 50 50 47
Source: China Meteorological Administration[20][21]

References[edit]

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  2. ^ a b "Jinhu, Jiangsu, China". JiangSu.net. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
  3. ^ Van Auken, Newell Ann (2023). Spring and Autumn Historiography: Form and Hierarchy in Ancient Chinese Annals. Columbia University Press. doi:10.7312/auke20650. ISBN 978-0-231-20650-1.
  4. ^ "Qin Dynasty: Achievements, Facts & Time Period". HISTORY. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  5. ^ "An Analysis of the Relationship between Emperor Wudi's Year Title and the Conferment of Fengshan - CNKI". cnki.net. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
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  7. ^ "[东方时空]江こう苏金湖みずうみ口こう服ふく过期疫苗事件じけん追つい踪 确定145名めい儿童接せっ种过期き脊灰疫苗". tv.cctv.com. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  8. ^ "江こう苏省住じゅう房ぼう和わ城じょう乡建设厅 市し县新闻 金きん湖みずうみ县引水すい润城提ひさげ升ます城市じょうし美び丽宜居きょ幸福こうふく度ど". jsszfhcxjst.jiangsu.gov.cn. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  9. ^ a b c "金きん湖みずうみ物ぶつ产资源げん_科学かがく普及ふきゅう_金きむ湖みずうみ县自然しぜん资源和わ规划局きょく". zrzy.jiangsu.gov.cn. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  10. ^ "淮安市し-行政ぎょうせい区く划网 www.xzqh.org" (in Chinese). XZQH. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  11. ^ "金きん湖みずうみ县人民じんみん政府せいふ 自然しぜん资源". jinhu.gov.cn. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  12. ^ a b "江こう苏省淮安市し金きん湖みずうみ县自然しぜん资源_金きむ湖みずうみ一いち览_中国ちゅうごく小康しょうこう网县域いき". xianyu.chinaxiaokang.com. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  13. ^ "江こう苏金湖みずうみ：乡村游ゆう重しげる燃もえ"人じん间烟火ひ气"". js.people.com.cn. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  14. ^ "一いち个"绿"字じ打だ底そこ现代化か水みず韵湖城新じょうしん图景 金きん湖みずうみ让"美び丽生金きん"_中共ちゅうきょう江こう苏省委い新しん闻网". zgjssw.gov.cn. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  15. ^ a b "景けい区く介かい绍 - 荷に花はな荡景区く". jshehuadang.com. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
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  17. ^ "淮安金きん湖みずうみ荷に花はな荡景区く莲荷培つちかえ育そだて科か普ひろし教育きょういく基地きち2023年度ねんど终期科か普ひろし绩效自じ评- · 科か普ひろし中国ちゅうごく网". kepuchina.cn. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  18. ^ "江こう苏省（淮安市し）金きむ湖みずうみ县 相しょう约赏荷に季き纳凉游ゆう". moa.gov.cn. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  19. ^ "壮たけし丽东南みなみ第だい一いち州しゅう｜来らい龙去脉话淮安". m.thepaper.cn. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  20. ^ 中国ちゅうごく气象数すう据すえ网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  21. ^ 中国ちゅうごく气象数すう据すえ网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
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